Activity Book Year 2ND Year
Activity Book Year 2ND Year
Activity Book Year 2ND Year
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Graduating students with a high proficiency in the English language is the main goal of
COLEGIO GUAYAMURI and its English Department. This is the reason why we dedicate time
to update and increase the mode our students can learn and use the language as a way of
communication.
The main purpose of this guide is to give the 2nd year high school students of Guayamuri the
facility and comprehension of the English grammar skill to continue consolidating the
proficiency of the language.
AUTHORS:
MRS. ALEXANDRA DE FINA
MR. EDGAR FLORES
2
INDEX
3
Review Units 26-30………………………………………………………………………….. 88
Unit 31 Verb Form: Present and Past Progressive……………………………. 90
Unit 32 Present Perfect and Past Perfect…………………………………………. 92
Unit 33 Pronouns…………………………………………………………………………….. 93
Unit 34 Antecedents………………………………………………………………………… 95
Unit 35 Adjectives……………………………………………………………………………. 97
Review Units 31-35………………………………………………………………………….. 99
Unit 36 Adjectives……………………………………………………………………………. 102
Unit 37 Special Adjectives that Compare…………………………………………. 105
Unit 38 Adverbs……………………………………………………………………………….. 107
Unit 39 Comparing with Adverbs……………………………………………………… 109
Unit 40 Prepositions………………………………………………………………………… 111
Unit 41 Prepositional Phrases………………………………………………………….. 113
Unit 42 Conjunctions……………………………………………………………………….. 115
Review Units 36-42………………………………………………………………………….. 118
4
Unit 1
WORD SYNONYM
generous kind
detest hate
enormous huge
cease stop
An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. The opposite of words can
often be formed by using a prefix, that is a syllable written before it, such as un, dis, in, ir, il, im, etc.
WORD ANTONYM
full empty
late early
popular unpopular
correct incorrect
Exercise 1. Write a synonym for each word below. Use a dictionary if it is necessary.
5
Exercise 2. Write 8 sentences. In each sentence, use a synonym for the word in parentheses.
Underline the synonym.
1. (begin). ________________________________________________________________________
2. (wealthy). ______________________________________________________________________
3. (enthusiasm). ___________________________________________________________________
4. (proceed). ______________________________________________________________________
5. (tale). __________________________________________________________________________
6. (tiny). __________________________________________________________________________
7. (journey). ______________________________________________________________________
8. (collosal). ______________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Write 8 sentences. In each sentence, use an antonym for the word in parentheses.
1. (forget). _______________________________________________________________________
2. (absent). ______________________________________________________________________
3. (entrance). _____________________________________________________________________
4. (foolish). _______________________________________________________________________
5. (curable). ______________________________________________________________________
6. (peace). _______________________________________________________________________
7. (obedient). _____________________________________________________________________
8. (welcome). _____________________________________________________________________
6
Unit 2
Words which have the same spelling but differ in meaning and sometimes in pronunciation are called
homograph.
Exercise 1. Underline the correct homophone (s) in each sentence. Use a dictionary if it is necessary.
Exercise 2. Circle the letter that best defines each highlighted homograph.
7
2. We live on the sixth story of the building.
a. Description of events to entertain people. b. a level of a building.
3. I’ll have a bit of sugar in my coffee.
a. Past tense of bite b. a tiny amount.
4. She sat on a big rock next to the river.
a. A type of loud modern music. b. a piece of stone lying on the earth’s
surface.
5. The players were practicing on the court.
a. Place where a trial takes place. b. area made for playing games such a
basketball, tennis.
6. My two rabbits are in a pen outside the house.
a. a writing instrument that uses ink. b. an enclosed area.
7. The coach gave us a pitcher of cold water after practice.
a. A baseball player who throws the ball for other players to hit. b. a container used for
holding and pouring water.
8. The teacher is going to write a play for his students.
a. A theater piece. b. participate in sport.
9. You can’t park here without a permit.
a. To allow someone to do something. b. an official piece of paper that allow you to
do something.
10. Mike and Nancy will present the actor award.
a. Here. b. give
11. Last night, the dog’s bark woke everybody on the block.
a. Outside covering of a tree. b. noise a dog makes.
12. She grabbed a stick to arm herself against the thieves.
a. Part of the body. b. take up a weapon.
13. We used a saw to cut that piece of wood.
a. A tool for cutting wood. b. past tense of the verb see.
14. She’s a big fan of rock music.
a. A machine you can use to make air. b. someone who likes a person or a thing very
much.
15. Please, do not make any racket. Grandma is asleep.
a. Something you use to hit the ball in games such as tennis. b. loud noise.
8
Unit 3 26/04 2DO A
Example: dis-, meaning opposite of + the base word appear = disappear, meaning “the opposite of.”
A suffix added to the end of a base word changes the meaning of the word.
Example: -less, meaning “without,” + the base word worth = worthless, meaning “without worth.”
9
-en “to make” or “made of” She sharpens the pencil to
make the point sharp.
To go backward means to go
in the direction in back of you.
Exercise 1. Write a new word using one of the prefixes listed above. Then write the meaning of the
new word. Use a dictionary if it is necessary.
fair
justice
tell
visible
see
spell
agree
behave
complete
10
please
draw
match
clean
understand
correct
likely
act
order
hold
Exercise 2. Write a new word using one of the suffixes listed above. Then write the meaning of the
new word.
care
truth
fame
soften
thank
worth
courage
child
east
rest
sweet
humor
teach
11
tour
sick
back
sheep
sleep
journal
12
Unit 4
COMPOUND WORDS
A compound word is a word that is made up of two or more words. The meaning of many compound
words is related to the meaning of each individual word.
Example: blue + berry = blueberry, meaning “a type of berry that is blue in color”
A compound word can be written as one word, or as two separate words. Always check a dictionary.
Exercise 1. Combine the words in the chart to make compound word. Each word must be used only
once. Then write a sentence with each of them.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________________________________
10.___________________________________________________________________________
11.___________________________________________________________________________
12.___________________________________________________________________________
13.___________________________________________________________________________
14.___________________________________________________________________________
13
15.__________________________________________________________________________
1. ftwasore. _____software_______________________________________
2. cemanlipo. ________________________________________________________________
3. odtya. ____________________________________________________________________
4. cadlestkcin. ________________________________________________________________
5. flytterbu. __________________________________________________________________
6. ghwayhi. __________________________________________________________________
7. burcheegerse. ______________________________________________________________
8. ncapake. __________________________________________________________________
9. rewoskrfi. _________________________________________________________________
10. terlonwame. _______________________________________________________________
11. flosunwrse. ________________________________________________________________
12. moobedrs. _________________________________________________________________
13. airhutc. ___________________________________________________________________
14. yobriendf. _________________________________________________________________
15. chdowntou. ________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. What are the compound words indicated by the meanings below.
14
13. Wet sand that is very dangerous because you sink down into it if you walk on it.
__________________________________________________________________________
14. A horse that competes in a races. _______________________________________________
15. Someone whose job is to stop fire. ______________________________________________
15
Unit 5
CONTRACTIONS
A contraction is a word formed by joining two other words. An apostrophe shows where the letter or
letters have been omitted.
was not
we are
is not
who is
had not
I will
I am
it is
do not
they have
will not
does not
were not
there is
they are
she will
I have
there are
16
he will
can not
must not
he has
Exercise 2. Fill in the blank with the contraction of the pair of words in parentheses.
1. Dominique and Joan didn´t (do not) want to go to the party. (they are) They´re
going to the mall instead.
2. (Where is) ________________ Gary? Gary (was not) _______________ at work today, I think
(he is) ____________________ sick.
3. This morning, I left a message for Sam, but he (has not) ________________ returned my call
yet.
4. Her friends think (she will) __________________ earn a college scholarship with her talent.
5. (Who is) _______________ Shula? (Shula is) _____________________ my friend. (We have)
____________________ been friends since second grade.
6. We (are not) _________________ concerned as long as (you are) ______________ happy.
7. (You will ) ___________________ be at my birthday party, (will not) _____________ you?
8. Karl and Tom (are not) ___________________ very good at soccer, but (that is)
____________________ only because they (do not) _______________________ practice
enough.
9. Is there any milk in the refrigerator? Yes (there is) __________________ some in it.
10. She (can not) ____________ drive yet, (she is) _________________ only 12.
11. She (must not) ________________________ take too long to get ready. If we (do not)
_________________ leave soon, (we will) _______________ be late.
12. Tom (has not) _________________ eaten yet because he (is not) _______________ hungry.
13. You (must not) __________________be here. It ( is not) _________________ allowed.
14. (She has) ___________________ been in Mexico twice this year.
15. (It will) __________________ be nice to spend a week with you guys during the summer.
16. They (were not) at home when I called last night, so I (did not) ________________ give them
the news.
17. Luckily, the plane (had not) ___________________ taken off when I got to the airport.
17
18. (Mary is) _________________ an excellent piano player. (She will) _________________ be
performing at the school auditorium next weekend.
19. Because (it is) _________________ too cold to go swimming, (I will) _____________ stay
home and read a book.
20. (We are) _________________ lost in a road that (does not) _________________ go
anywhere.
18
REVIEW UNITS 1-5
Exercise 1. Write S before each pair of synonyms. Write A before each pair of antonym.
Exercise 2. Using the homonyms in parentheses, write the correct words on the lines.
1. (week – weak) Anna was weak for a week after she had the flu.
2. ( right – write) Did you _________________ down the _________________ address?
3. (blew – blue) The wind ____________ leaves and twigs into the beautiful __________water.
4. (read – red) Kate _________a poem about a young girl with ___________hair and freckles.
5. (pane – pain) Meg felt a ___________ in her hand when she tried to remove the broken
window _____________.
Exercise 3. Circle the letter of the best definition for each highlighted homophone.
19
Exercise 4. Choose an appropriate prefix or suffix from the chart for each of the highlighted words
below. Write the new word on the line.
Exercise 5. Underline the pair of words that can be written as a contraction in each sentence. Then
write the contraction on the line.
20
Unit 6
RECOGNIZING SENTENCES
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It begins with a capital letter and
ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point.
Exercise 1. Some of the following groups of words are sentences, and some are not. Write S after
each group that is a sentence. Punctuate each sentence with a period.
21
26. Every year at the state fair __________________
27. I have been waiting for you since this morning ____________________
28. Into the parking garage __________________
29. She wrote a paragraph about herself ______________
30. Your essay doesn’t have a title __________________
Exercise 2. Write ten sentences. Remember that a sentence expresses a complete thought.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________
22
Unit 7
TYPE OF SENTENCES
A declarative sentence makes a statement. It is followed by a period (.).
An interrogative sentence ask a question. It is followed by a question mark (?). Example: What are
you doing?
An exclamation sentence expresses strong emotion. It can also express a command or a request that
is made with great excitement. It is followed by an exclamation mark. (!).
Exercise 1. Write D for declarative, IN for interrogative, IM for imperative, or E for exclamatory before
each sentence. Put the correct punctuation at the end of the sentence.
23
18. Have you been on a roller coaster __________________
19. Draw a map of South America ________________________
20. What a wonderful time we’ve had ___________________
21. Please lower your voice __________________
22. Do you want a Pepsi or a Coke _______________
23. I can’t wait for the party __________________
24. Take the kids to the baseball game _______________
25. Who are you inviting to your birthday party ______________
26. Jacksonville is not the capital of Florida. __________________
27. Hurray, I passed the Math test _________________
28. Please lower your voice __________________
29. I can’t believe the lions lost again __________________________
30. The concert begins in two hours ___________________________
1. (exclamatory). ________________________________________________________________
2. (interrogative). _______________________________________________________________
3. (imperative). _________________________________________________________________
4. (declarative). _________________________________________________________________
5. (interrogative). _______________________________________________________________
6. (exclamatory). ________________________________________________________________
7. (imperative). _________________________________________________________________
8. (interrogative). _______________________________________________________________
9. (declarative). _________________________________________________________________
10. (exclamatory). ________________________________________________________________
11. (declarative). _________________________________________________________________
12. (interrogative). _______________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Write a brief letter describing your visit to another part of the country. Then sit with a
classmate and find example of the types of sentence.
24
Unit 8
The complete subject includes all the words that tell who or what the sentence is about.
The complete predicate includes all the words that state the action or condition of the subject.
Exercise 1. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate in each sentence
below.
25
Exercise 2. Write a brief story about someone you know. Then exchange stories with a classmate and
identify the complete subjects and complete predicate in each other’s sentences.
26
Unit 9
Examples: Our car swayed in the strong wind. Cars swayed in the strong wind.
The simple predicate of a sentence is the verb within the complete predicate. The simple predicate
can be made up of one word or more than one word.
Exercise 1. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate in each sentence
below. Then underline the simple subject.
Exercise 2. In each of the sentence below, draw a line between the complete subject and the
complete predicate. Underline the simple predicate.
27
4. Nicole lost her science book at the mall.
5. The brown sofa in the den will be moved downstairs.
6. Our school festival was a success this year.
7. The sugary cereal is not healthy.
8. The rainbow is an example of a beautiful weather phenomenon.
9. The boy jumped over the fence into the garden.
10. Both of my parents have to work on weekends.
11. Tom combed his dog’s brown hair.
12. Gina raked the leaves in front of the house.
13. The fire spread rapidly to the other buildings in the neighborhood.
14. Our class went to a field trip to the aquarium.
15. Aunt Nelly usually works late on Friday.
28
Unit 10
When the verb or part of the verb comes before the subject, the sentence is in inverted order.
Here is my friend.
Sometimes the subject of the sentence is not expressed, as in command or request. The understood
subject is you.
Exercise 1. Rewrite each inverted sentence in natural order. Rewrite commands or requests by
including you as the subject. Then underline each simple subject once and each simple predicate
twice in each sentence.
29
8. There were only three floats in the parade.
____________________________________________________________________________
9. From the yard came the bark of the dog.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Place the forks to the left of the plate.
____________________________________________________________________________
11. Never again will you do that.
____________________________________________________________________________
12. Up jump the frog.
____________________________________________________________________________
13. Close the windows before leaving the room.
____________________________________________________________________________
14. Through the air fly the eagles.
____________________________________________________________________________
15. Behind of the room a crash was heard.
____________________________________________________________________________
16. Schedule for 8th this week are two English classes.
____________________________________________________________________________
17. In front of the desk there stands a student.
____________________________________________________________________________
18. Under the tree there stayed an old man.
____________________________________________________________________________
19. Down the street ran the dog.
____________________________________________________________________________
20. Here are the keys.
____________________________________________________________________________
30
REVIEW UNITS 6-10
Exercise 1. Some of the following groups of words are sentences, and some are not. Write S after
each group that is a sentence. Punctuate each sentence with a period.
1. I went to a basketball game last weekend . _S_ 6. Once upon a time, long, long ago ___
2. On my way to school this morning ___ 7. Lasted until midnight ___
3. We had ice cream and fruit for dessert ___ 8. Whistled softly ___
4. My brother and my sister ___ 9. There was a gorgeous sunset last night ___
5. Just before we were read ___ 10. Please look he way ___
Exercise 2. Label each sentence as follows: Write D for declarative, IN for interrogative, IM for
imperative, or E for exclamatory. Write X if it is not a sentence. Punctuate each sentence correctly.
Exercise 3. In each sentence below, underline the words that are identified in parentheses.
Exercise 4. Rewrite each inverted sentence in natural order. Rewrite commands and request by
including you as a subject.
31
3. Call about the schedule.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Where is the library?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. There is no one in the room.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Around the corner is my favorite store.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Never have seen so many people.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. There, hiding under the rock, was the key.
____________________________________________________________________________
9. The students sat in the first row, smiling.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Bring your sale report to the meeting.
____________________________________________________________________________
32
Unit 11
Exercise 1. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate in each sentence.
Write SS for simple subject. Write CS for a compound subject.
33
19. Kate wrote and performed a beautiful song at the festival last night. _______________
20. John and paid for the newly released CD. ________________
Exercise 2. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate in each sentence.
Write SP for each simple predicate. Write CP for each compound predicate.
34
Unit 12
COMBINING SENTENCES
Two sentences in which the subjects are different and the predicates are the same can be combined
into one sentence. The two subjects are joined by and.
Two sentences in which the subjects are the same and the predicates are different can be combined
into one sentence. The two predicates can may be joined by or, and, but.
Exercise 1. Combine each pair of sentences below. Underline the compound subject or the compound
predicate in each sentence that you write.
35
10. Washington DC has a lot of interesting places. It is very popular with tourist.
____________________________________________________________________________
11. Bill was glad he had an umbrella when it was raining. Saki was glad she had an umbrella when
it was raining.
____________________________________________________________________________
12. Tom had to walk to the park in the rain. Lilian had to walk to the park in the rain.
____________________________________________________________________________
13. Benjamin Franklin wanted to protect people from lighting. He invented the lighting rod.
____________________________________________________________________________
14. I preschool, boys draw pictures and color them. In preschool, girls draw pictures and color
them.
____________________________________________________________________________
15. Tim ran the race and won. Todd ran the race and won.
____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2. Write a paragraph about an activity you did in class with a classmate. Include sentences
with compound subjects and sentences with compound predicates.
36
Unit 13
The indirect object is a noun or pronoun that tells whom or whom an action is done. In order to have
an indirect a sentence must have direct object.
The indirect object is usually placed between the action verb and the direct object.
Exercise 1. Underline the verb in each sentence. Then if the verb has direct object, circle the direct
object.
Exercise 2. Write DO in the blank if the highlighted word(s) is the direct object. Write IO in the blank if
the highlighted word(s) is the indirect object.
37
2. The president gave me his autograph. _____________________
3. Colleen showed her father her new gymnastic routine. __________________
4. Dad brought mom some flowers on her birthday. _______________
5. We usually cereal or oatmeal for breakfast. ____________________
6. She distributed chocolates to everyone in her class. _______________
7. The tailor made a nice suit for my grandfather. ______________________
8. Bill, you owe me a brownie. ___________________
9. Camille lent us her tent to go camping. ________________
10. Loud music gives my mother a headache. __________________
11. We promised the tour guide a big reward. __________________
12. Mon handed me a cold drink after the game. ________________
13. Sherry lent Arlene a dollar for a diet coke. ___________________
14. Daddy made us a delicious omelet for breakfast. _________________
15. The shy boy brought the little red-haired girl a candy for Valentine’s Day. ______________
Exercise 3. Make a poster that describes the recreational activities a beach, lake, pool or park in your
town offers. Identify the direct and indirect object in your poster.
38
Unit 14
An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence because it expresses a complete thought.
A subordinate clause has a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a sentence because it
does not express a complete thought. A subordinate clause must be combined with an independent
clause to make sense.
A clause can be subordinate by the present of connecting words such as before, after, because,
because of, as soon as, since, while, in order to, that, when, who, where etc.
Exercise 1. Underline the independent clause once and the subordinate clause twice in each
sentence.
39
18. We didn’t play in the yard because of the rain.
19. While I was cooking, Megan and Lucy were playing cards.
20. I will call you as soon as the boss arrives.
1. If it rains, ____________________________________________________________________
2. Bob didn’t come to school today because __________________________________________
3. As soon as you finish cleaning the bathroom, _______________________________________
4. Because of the rain, ____________________________________________________________
5. We have to play hard in order to _________________________________________________
6. Mike had called me before ______________________________________________________
7. Since you didn’t write the report, _________________________________________________
8. Marianne called when __________________________ _______________________________
40
Unit 15
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It answer the question
Which one? or What kind? It usually modifies the word directly preceding it. Most adjective clauses
begin with a relative pronoun. A relative pronoun relates an adjective clause to the noun or pronoun
that the clause modifies. Who, Whose, Which, and That are the relative pronouns.
Exercise 2. Choose all the possible correct answers to complete the sentence. Most sentences have
more than one correct answer.
1. Sam is the boy _________________ shaved his head. He’s a completely bald now.
a. who b. which c. that
2. The food _______________ she is buying looks healthy.
a. who b. which c. that
3. Ali ___________ lives in a trailer with some dogs and cats is lawyer.
41
a. who b. which c. that
4. The bat is the only mammal ________________ can fly.
a. Who b. which c. that
5. Look! That’s the singer _________________ mother is from my hometown.
a. who b. whose c. which
6. People ________________ smoke cigarette should be penalized.
a. who b. which c. that
7. There’s the couple ______________ dancing you liked so much.
a. whose b. which c. that
8. April _______________ recently celebrated her birthday received many gift.
a. who b. which c. that
9. I put the vase on the top of the television set ___________ that is in the living room.
a. whose b. that c. who
10. The earth ____________ the fifth largest planet in the solar system is the third planet from
the sun.
a. who b. that c. which
Exercise 3. Combine the two sentences. Use the second sentence as an adjective clause.
42
8. Thank you very much for your e-mail. It was very interesting.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Those boys are not from our school. They were fighting in the street.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The girl lost her umbrella. Her father is a teacher.
___________________________________________________________________________
43
REVIEW UNITS 11-15
Exercise 1. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete predicate. Underline once
the compound subject and twice the compound predicate.
Exercise 2. Read each pair of sentence. Then combine them to form a compound subject or a
compound predicate. Write your new sentence on the line.
1. Annemarie played with the dolls. Ellen played with the dolls.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Kristy cried over the shoes. Kristy complained about the shoes.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Kate brushed her hair. Kate handed the brush to Ellen.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Jim’s family hid in the house. Jim’s family fled to the forest.
____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Circle the verb in each sentence. Then underline once the direct object and twice the
indirect object.
44
6. They elected him the mayor for the next four years.
7. John told us a story about a cat and a mouse.
8. Chelsea painted a bird and a flower for her project.
9. Carlos sent his girlfriend a bunch of flowers on her birthday.
10. The girls are baking pies in their cooking class.
Exercise 4. Underline once the independent clause, and twice the subordinate clause in each
sentence.
45
Unit 16
ADVERB CLAUSES
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It
answers the adverb questions How? Under what condition? or Why? Words that introduce adverb
clauses are called subordinating conjunctions. The many subordinating conjunctions include such
words as when, in order to, after, before, since, although, if, once, as soon as and because.
1. We decided to drive home the long way since it was still early.
2. We had a wonderful day because we were so relaxed and happy.
3. Although the clouds remained, it never rained.
4. Before we go on vacation, we have to make reservations.
5. The fireworks show started after the sun went down.
6. The birds flew away from the tree once they saw the car coming.
7. I will call you as soon as I get home.
8. Since we had our jackets, we didn’t get too cold.
9. Clouds began to move in once we arrived at the park.
10. Although the weather was mild a sunny, we took our jackets.
11. Because he had a college degree, he got a great job.
12. I was in the store when the storm started.
13. She passed the course because she worked hard.
14. After the chores are done, we’ll eat ice cream.
15. He ate vegetables in order to stay healthy.
46
6. Before ________________________________________________, please close the windows.
7. When _______________________________________________________________, call me.
8. I am very sad although ________________________________________________________
9. We had to go to bed after _____________________________________________________
10. Since __________________________________________________, you can’t travel with us.
11. Mon was cooking dinner while _________________________________________________
12. He went to bed early because __________________________________________________
13. He closed the windows when __________________________________________________
14. As soon as _________________________________________, the players ran to the dugout.
15. When _______________________________________________, we visited many museums.
47
Unit 17
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause in a
compound sentence can stand alone as a separate sentence. The independent clauses are usually
joined by and, but, so, or, for, or yet and a comma.
Example: Jack brought the chairs, but Mary forgot the extra table.
Sometimes a semicolon (;) is used to join two independent clauses in a compound sentence.
Exercise 1. Write S before each simple sentence, and write CS before each compound sentence.
48
17. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. _________________
18. He went to bed early, and the next day he felt better. _________________
19. Gilda ran fast, but she couldn’t catch John. ______________________
20. You can take the train, or you can take the bus. _________________
Exercise 2. Write a paragraph that explains how to prepare your favorite food. Use simple and
compound sentences.
49
Unit 18
COMPLEX SENTENCES
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate clause.
Example: The person who helps me carry these gets some dessert.
Exercise 1. Circle the subordinate clause, and underline the independent clause in each complex
sentence below.
Exercise 2. Add a subordinate clause that begins with the word in parentheses to make a complex
sentence.
50
6. I’m not sure (when) ___________________________________________________________
7. I think (that) _________________________________________________________________
8. We went to the soccer game (although) ___________________________________________
9. I ate ten pancakes (because) ____________________________________________________
10. I will give you a call (as soon as) __________________________________________________
11. You can go early (if) ____________________________________________________________
12. The man (who) _____________________________________________________ is my father.
51
Unit 19
Exercise 1. Correct each run-on sentence below by writing it as two sentences or as a compound
sentence.
1. Carmen has joined a camera club she has made photography her hobby.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. The city council held a meeting it is held every month.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The picture is his it is not yours.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. That sounds like fun I want to go.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Greece is a fantastic country it has lovely people and great food.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. She never walks anywhere she is lazy.
52
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. I received an A on my Math test I am happy.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. The show begins at 7:30 make sure you are there at 7:15.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
9. The meal is a disaster he’s useless in the kitchen.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. My cat was upset all day he didn’t get canned food for breakfast.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
11. Puppies love to be around people they need a lot of attention.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
12. He enjoys walking through the country he often goes backpacking on his vacation.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
13. The boy has three sisters and he lives in a large house.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
14. I went to the beach it was very hot.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
15. Hank loves baseball but he never plays.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
16. Please include a picture on your application it is necessary for your registration.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
17. Give your mother the keys she needs them to open the door.
53
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
18. The books in the class are very old but they are still very useful.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
19. I have never been to New York I heard it is very nice.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
20. I love to watch soccer I don’t like to play.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
54
Unit 20
EXPANDING SENTENCES
Sentences can be expanded by adding details to make them clearer and more interesting.
Example: The audience laughed. The excited audience in the theater laughed loudly.
Details added to sentences may answer these questions: When? Where? How? How often? To what
degree? What kind? Which? How many? Etc.
Exercise 1. Expand each sentence below by adding details to answer the questions shown in
parentheses. Write the expanded sentence on the line.
55
Exercise 2. Expand each sentence below by adding details, so they can be richer in terms of
information. Write your expanded sentence on the line.
56
Exercise 3. Write a paragraph about a typical lunch hour at school.
57
REVIEW UNITS 16-20
Exercise 1. Write S before each simple sentence, and write CS before each compound sentence.
Exercise 2. Add a subordinate clause that begins with the word in parentheses to make a complex
sentence.
Patricia didn’t know what to do, she had a terrible problem and she was trying to solve it. No matter
how hard she thought about it no answer seem to come. She decided to take a break and not think
about it for a while. She went to the mall where she always enjoy browsing in the book store she
58
wasn’t even thinking about the problem, the answer just popped into her head she was so excited
about solving the problem she completely forgot about the book store.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4. Read the two sentences below. Then expand each sentence by adding details to make the
sentences clearer and more interesting.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
59
Unit 21
NOUNS
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or quality.
1. Lupe Garcia has worked here for years and is now a supervisor.
2. My pen is almost out of ink.
3. The airport was closed for five hours due to the storm.
4. California is home to many movie stars.
5. Maria was excited about her new car.
6. Christ bought tomatoes, lettuce, and cherries at the supermarket.
7. His seat is by the window.
8. Chicago is a city on Lake Michigan.
9. Sam did not leave the kitchen until the dishes were clean.
10. On Saturday my neighbor cooked a delicious meal.
11. Carlos spent a week visiting his aunt and uncle in Florida.
12. Dr. Garcia, the mayor, will lead a parade with a marching band.
13. Larry helped grandma clear the dishes from the table.
14. It takes a lot of energy to win a marathon.
15. Anne´s story was made into a movie about love and courage.
Exercise 2. Think about your favorite holiday. Complete the chart below with nouns that explain more
about your favorite holiday.
60
Exercises 3. Choose a noun from the chart below to complete each sentences.
61
Unit 22
A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. It begins with a capital letter.
Exercise 1. Underline the common nouns, and circle the proper nouns in each sentence.
62
5. Pacific. ________________________ 10. Nueva Esparta. ________________
Exercise 4. Write a sentence in which you use a proper noun suggested to you by each phrase.
1. Name of an ocean
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Name of a foreign country
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Name of a movie star
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Name of a singer
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Name of a store near your home
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Name of the make of an automobile
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Name of a teacher in your school
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Your state of province
____________________________________________________________________________
63
Unit 23
Nouns ending in a consonant Change the –y to i and add -es sky, skies navy, navies
and -y
Most nouns ending in –f or ef Change the –f or –ef to -ves half, halves knife, knives
Most nouns ending in –ch, -sh, Add -es bench, benches bush, bushes
-s, or -x
tax, taxes
Many two-word or three word Add –s to the principle word son-in-law, sons-in-law
compound nouns
Nouns that do not add a letter Change the vowel man, men mouse, mice
to the end, but instead change
the word itself Change the word child, children
Exercise 1. Write the correct plural form for each singular noun.
64
9. piece __________________________ 24 tree _________________________
10. door ___________________________ 25 light _________________________
11. island __________________________ 26 church _______________________
12. country ________________________ 27 city _________________________
13. house __________________________ 28 spoonful _____________________
14. garage _________________________ 29 vacation _____________________
15. fish ____________________________ 30 home _______________________
Exercise 2. Fill in the blank with the plural form of the word in parentheses.
65
Exercise 3. Write a short story for a class magazine. Underline once the common nouns and twice the
proper nouns in your story.
66
Unit 24
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
A possessive noun shows possession of a noun that follows. Form the possessive of most singular
nouns by adding an apostrophe (‘) and –s.
Form the possessive of plural nouns that do not end in –s by adding an apostrophe and –s.
1. (aroma) (flowers)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. (hats) (women)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. (paws) (lions)
__________________________________________________________________________
67
4. (toys) (children)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. (city) (teams)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. (cell phone) (Ronny)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. (colors) (Rainbow)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. (wedding) (James)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. (salary) (day)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. (father-in-law) (car)
___________________________________________________________________________
11.
Exercise 3. Complete each sentence with the possessive form of the word in parentheses.
Exercise 4. Write ten sentences using possessive form of the nouns in exercise 1.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
68
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________
69
Unit 25
APPOSITIVES
An appositive is a noun that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun it follows.
Example: My book, a novel about the Civil War, is one of the best I have ever read.
Use commas to set off an appositive or an appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of
the sentence.
Don’t use commas if the appositive is essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Example: my brother Kevin arrived late. My other brother Charlie arrived late too.
Exercise 1. Underline the appositive or appositive phrase, and circle the noun that it modifies.
70
Exercise 2. Match each noun with the appositive phrase that best describes it. Write the
corresponding letter on the line.
Exercise 3. Use the match above to write a sentence that includes an appositive or an appositive
phrase.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________
71
REVIEW UNITS 21-25
Exercise 1. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given nouns for the following exercise. Use
each noun only once.
girl Maria
restaurant
park
truck
teacher
school
store
movie
72
boy
dog
river
cartoon
73
Exercise 5. Insert the apostrophe where required in the sentence below.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________________
74
Unit 26
An object is a part of the sentence, and often part of the predicate. It is what the verb is being done.
Example: The Harlem Globe Trotters play basketball throughout the world.
An indirect object answers the questions “To whom?” “For whom?” “For what?”
75
Exercise 2. Draw a line under the action verb in each sentence. If the action verb has a direct object,
circle the direct object.
Exercise 3. Circle the action verb. Underline once the direct object and twice the indirect object in
each of the sentence.
76
13. The teacher gave the students their test paper.
14. Where are you going to meet Karl tonight?
15. Jimmy was furious because Mandy told Jessy his secret.
77
Unit 27
LINKING VERBS
A linking verb does not show an action. It links the subject to the word that either describes the
subject or gives the subject another name.
A verb is a linking verb if it can replace one of the verbs of being (am, is, are, was, were)
Exercise 2. Complete each sentence with a linking verb from the chart. You may use any verb more
than once.
1. What if he is lost?
78
2. “I ___________________________ brave; I am not a coward.”
3. Tony __________________________ frightened.
4. He ___________________________alone in the cabin for the first time.
5. Because of the storm, the lights _________________________ out for a long time.
6. Even the shadows ________________________ strange.
7. In the dark forest, everything _______________________ threatening.
8. “Where ___________________________ Aaron?” he wondered.
9. “This ___________________________ stupid,” he thought to himself.
10. There ____________________________bears in the woods.
11. The bar’s decoration ________________________ very nice.
12. You _________________________ like your father.
13. The rock song ___________________________ nice!
14. The exhibition ___________________________ interesting.
15. The train ____________________________ suddenly.
16. Are you ____________________________ tired?
Exercise 3. Use the topic below, and write two paragraphs. Underline the linking verb in your writing.
My last holiday.
79
Unit 28
Exercise 1. Underline the verb in each sentence. Then write T for transitive or I for intransitive.
80
Exercise 2. Write two paragraphs about the topic given below. Underline the transitive verbs once
and the intransitive ones twice.
An interesting weekend.
81
Unit 29
For regular verbs, form the present participle by adding –ing to the present. Use a form of the helping
verb be with the present participle.
Form the past and past participle by adding –ed to the present. Use a form of the helping verb have
with the past participle.
Irregular verbs form the past and the past participle in other ways. A dictionary shows the principal
parts of these verbs.
Examples:
Exercise 1. Write the present participle, past, and past participle for each verb.
dance (s)
climb(s)
arrive (s)
clean (s)
listen(s)
receive (s)
score (s)
collect (s)
start (s)
82
practice (s)
Damage (s)
cook (s)
talk (s)
change (s)
ask (s)
describe (s)
die (s)
celebrate (s)
exercise (s)
83
Exercise 3. Write a short paragraph about a trip you have taken. Use at least one present participle
and one past participle.
84
Unit 30
IRREGULAR VERBS
Verbs that do not form their past and past participle by adding –ed are called irregular verbs.
With some irregular verbs, one vowel changes in the past and past participle.
Examples:
With other irregular verbs, the past form and the past participle are the same.
With some irregular verbs, the past form ends in –ew, and the past participle in –wn.
With other irregular verbs, the base form, the past, and the past participle are the same.
85
put put put
With others, the past and past participle do not follow any pattern.
go went gone
do did done
With some irregular verbs, the base form and the past participle are the same.
catch
86
bite
steal
leave
cost
fly
fall
know
swim
ride
say
blow
cut
build
give
fight
wear
feed
break
choose
sit
rise
see
drive
sleep
sell
87
REVIEW UNITS 26-30
Exercise 1. Circle the action verb or verbs in each sentence below.
Exercise 3. Write T in the blank if the highlighted verb or verbs in each sentence are transitive. Write I
if the verb or verbs are intransitive.
88
8. Mon makes great a great cake. You have to try it. ________________
Exercise 4. Write in the blank the past form of the verb in parentheses.
1. Tom was the first to eat the peaches that we picked. (be)
2. My mother ______________________ spend the night at Sandra’s house. (let)
3. The telephone ___________________________ while I was in the shower. (ring)
4. Who _______________________________ the most photographs on the trip. (take)
5. The last person we ____________________ in the park was Jason. (see)
6. We never _____________________________ to see the new mayor speak.
7. Our summer vacation ____________________ in a Caribbean beach. (begin)
8. We _____________________ to stay there for two weeks. (choose)
Exercise 5. Write in the blank the past participle of the verb in parentheses.
1. Jenny had broken her leg the summer we visited her. (break)
2. With the snow melting, mud has _________________ a problem. (become)
3. Three inches of rain have ________________ (fall)
4. We have ________________________ through two states today. (drive)
5. Maria has __________________________ more work than anybody else. (do)
6. Bob is very happy because he has__________________ a job. (find)
7. When Sue arrived, we had __________________________ dinner (have)
8. I have never _____________________________________ there before (be)
89
Unit 31
The past progressive form of the verb describes an action that was continuing at an early time. The
past progressive form consists of a helping verb (was or were) plus the present participle of the main
verb.
Example: I saw you last night. You were waiting for the bus.
Exercise 1. Fill in the blank with the progressive form of the verb in parentheses. Change present
tense verbs to the present progressive form and past tense verbs to the past progressive form.
90
12. I _________________________ along King Street when I ran into Tom. (walked)
13. At the party, Bill and Gina ___________________________ jeans and dark sweater. (wore)
14. Today, the rain ____________________________ down the traffic. (slow)
15. My two sisters __________________________ veterinary medicine at the university. (study)
16. When the ambulance arrived, the boy ___________________________ (bleed)
17. We ________________________ our favorite TV program when the light went out. (watched)
18. The sunset is beautiful. I____________________________ at it. (look)
19. Beth didn’t study. Now she ____________________________Math. (fail)
20. My best friend ______________________________ in Paris at the moment. (live)
Exercise 2. Complete these statements with information about yourself. Use the present progressive
or the simple present.
Exercise 3. Complete these statements about yourself. Use the past progressive or the simple past.
91
Unit 32
The present perfect tense tells about something that happened at an indefinite time in the past. The
present perfect tense consists of a helping verb has or have plus the past participle of the main verb.
Examples: I have cut my finger with a piece of glass. She has lost her job.
The past perfect tense tells about something that happened before something else in the past. The
past perfect tense consists of a helping verb had plus the past participle of the main verb.
Exercise 1. Complete each sentence with have, has, had to form the verbs tense indicated.
92
Unit 33
PRONOUNS
A subject pronoun is used in the subject of a sentence and after linking verbs.
Examples: We are going to the tournament. The woman in the suit is she.
Examples: The red shoes are mine. Those are my red shoes.
Examples: Who is going to the party? We will ask whom to go with us?
93
15. Beth and (she, her) always sit together.
Exercise 3. Write about your last visit to the mall or any other place in your community. Underline the
pronouns.
94
Unit 34
ANTECEDENTS
An antecedents is the Word to which a pronoun refers.
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender, (masculine, feminine, or neuter) and in number
(singular or plural).
Examples: Sally washed her hair. The storm change its course. The workers went to their
office.
If the antecedent is an indefinite pronoun (one that doesn’t refer to a specific person or thing), it is
correct to use both masculine and feminine pronoun.
Examples: Someone lost his globes. Someone lost his or her job gloves.
95
Exercise 2. Circle the pronoun in parentheses that agrees with the antecedent.
Exercise 3. Write a paragraph about a person you know. Underline the pronouns and circle their
antecedents.
96
Unit 35
ADJECTIVES
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
A proper adjective is an adjective that is formed by a proper noun. It always begins with a capital
letter.
mountain
weather
journey
classroon
book
pasta
student
97
7. The solitary guard walked along the lonely beach.
8. Dan made French toast for breakfast.
9. Ted’s father is always pleasant and generous.
10. That tall, young, nice girl is a movie star.
11. It always smells gross in the boys’ locker room.
12. My gilrfriend has round, big brown eyes.
13. An English famous architec built that church.
14. There is a large lovely garden behind my house.
15. Harry’s dog is small and good-tempered.
Exercise 3. Describe your house. Give as many details as possible. Underline the adjectives.
98
REVIEW UNITS 31-35
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in parentheses in the present progressive.
1. “Where are Mark and Tina?” They are waiting outside. (wait)
2. “_________ Sally _____________ a shower?” (take) “No, she _______________ her hair”.
(wash)
3. You _____________________________ (not, watch) TV at the moment. Why don’t you
switch it off?
4. “______________ you ______________ yourself?” (enjoy) Yes, I ____________________ a
great time. (have)
5. “What ___________ Maria _______________ these days?” (do) “She ___________________
in English at a school in London. (study)
6. Ben and Sandra are in London on vacation. They ________________________ in a small hotel
near Hyde Park. (stay)
7. Prices ___________________ all the time. (rise) Everything __________________ more and
more expensive. (get)
Exercise 2. Put the verb in parentheses into the right form: the past progressive or the past simple.
1. What were you doing (do) when the phone rang ? (ring)
I _______________________ television. (watch)
2. Was Jane busy when you went to see her? Yes, she _________________________ . (study)
3. What time _________ the mail ________________ this morning? (arrive) It _____________
(come) while I ____________________ breakfast. (have)
4. How fast ________ you _____________ (drive) when the police__________________ you?
(stop) I don’t know exactly but I ______________________________ (not, drive) too fast.
5. How __________ you ________________ the window? (break) We ___________________
(play) baseball, I _______________ the ball, (throw) and it _____________ the window. (hit)
6. _________ you ____________ Beth last night? (see) Yes, she _________________________
(wear) a very nice jacket.
7. What __________ Mr. Cole _______________ at 9:30 this morning? (do) He_____________
with Ms. Jacobs. (Be)
99
Exercise 3. Write sentences using the following pronouns.
1. Theirs. ______________________________________________________________________
2. Anyone _____________________________________________________________________
3. Them _______________________________________________________________________
4. You and I ____________________________________________________________________
5. You and me __________________________________________________________________
6. His _________________________________________________________________________
7. Ours ________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4. Underline the pronoun in parentheses that agrees with the antecedent. Circle the
antecedent.
1. Bill and Sarah brought the posters to (them, their) campaign office.
2. Allan and Meg tutored Mark because (he, they) had missed the review.
3. The volunteers accepted donations and gave (it, them) to the charity.
4. My sister collected baskets on (her, their) trip to Mexico.
5. The office workers had to leave (their, its) building when a fire started.
100
Exercise 6. Write three adjective to describe each noun.
school
people
restaurant
beach
101
Unit 36
ADJECTIVES
An adjective has three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative.
When two people or things are being compared, the comparative degree is used.
When three or more people or things are being compared, the superlative degree is used.
For all adjectives of one syllable and a few adjectives of two syllables, add –er to form the
comparative degree, and –est to form the superlative degree.
For some adjectives of two syllables and all the adjectives of three or more syllable, use more or less
to form the comparative and most or least to form the superlative.
Exercise 1. Write the missing adjectives, comparative or superlative word in the chart below. Be
careful with your spelling.
difficult
tall
young
reckless
102
enjoyable
high
fresh
lovely
long
busy
agreeable
faithful
changeable
exciting
peaceful
hard
popular
green
adorable
Exercise 2. Write in the blank the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.
103
12. This song is far ____________________________ than the one they just played. (slow)
13. Mount Everest is the ______________________________ mountain in the world (high)
14. I am not interested in Art. I am ____________________________ in history. (interested)
15. People today aren’t very polite. In the past, they were _________________________. (polite)
Exercise 3. Write five sentences about your favorite story. Use adjectives to compare it with others
you have read or watch.
104
Unit 37
Exercise 1. Write in the blank the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.
105
20. Are you crazy? That’s the __________________________ idea I have ever heard about. (bad)
Exercise 2. Write a short paragraph that describes your neighborhood or a favorite place. Include
comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives good, bad, much, and little.
106
Unit 38
ADVERBS
An adverb is a Word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: The rain poured steadily. His memories were extremely vivid.
An adverb usually tells how, when, where, or how often. Many adverbs end in –ly.
107
Exercise 2. Write and adverb that could modify each verb. Then, write a sentence that includes the
adverb and the verb.
1. Read _______carefully____________________
2. Move __________________________________
3. Walk ___________________________________
4. Eat ___________________________________
5. Sing ___________________________________
6. Speak __________________________________
7. Run ___________________________________
8. Look __________________________________
9. Write __________________________________
10. Study __________________________________
11. Drive __________________________________
12. Cook __________________________________
13. Play soccer _____________________________
14. Teach _________________________________
15. Swim __________________________________
Eexerci 3. Draw a sign for the high school building that uses adverbs.
108
Unit 39
When two actions are being compared, the comparative degree is used.
When three or more actions are being compared, the superlative degree is used.
Use –er to form comparative degree and use –est to form the superlative degree of one-syllable
adverbs.
Use more or most with longer adverbs and with adverbs that end in –ly.
heavily
frequently
high
angrily
soon
loudly
late
sweetly
109
fluently
far
well
intelligently
clearly
badly
Exercise 3. write about one your favorite things to do. Use positive, comparative, or superlative
adverbs if possible to modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
110
Unit 40
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a Word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another Word in the
sentence.
Example: The child rand into the house. He put his boots under the table.
111
18. Everyone went outside the building.
19. The players were standing around the coach.
20. I met Sandra in front of the library.
Exercise 2. Fill in the correct preposition. Use each preposition only once.
Exercise 3. Write a paragraph about your life as a student. Underline the preposition in your
paragraph.
112
Unit 41
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
A phrase is a Word of closely related words used as a single part of speech but not containing a
subject and predicate.
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or
pronoun.
The noun or pronoun in the prepositional phrase is called object of the preposition.
Exercise 1. Circle each prepositional phrase. Underline once the preposition and twice the object of
the preposition.
113
19. There are a few stores at the end of the street.
20. There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.
21. At three o’clock this morning I was in bed.
22. Who is the man standing by the window?
23. A man came out of the house and went into the car.
24. We like driving around the city on weekends.
Exercise 2. Complete each sentence with an appropriate prepositional phrase. Add extra information
if necessary.
Exercise 3. Write a short paragraph about the topic below. Underline the prepositional phrases in
your paragraph.
114
Unit 42
CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is a Word used to connect words or groups of words.
Some conjunctions are used in pairs. These include either …or, neither…. nor, and not only…. but
also.
Exercise 1. Circle each conjunction in the sentences below. Underline the word or group of words it
connects.
115
17. You can bring either a laptop or and IPad to class.
18. Kerry is two years older than Tom.
19. Johnny is here, but he’s too busy to help you now.
20. Keep quiet or go out.
1. Megan always brushes her teeth (after, since, or) she has eaten her meal.
2. It started to rain (or, while, since) the children were playing in the garden.
3. Give this letter to Tom (but, since, when) you see him.
4. Look both ways (before, until, or) you cross the street.
5. She saw an accident (as, after, until) she was walking home.
6. Take all your belongings with you (since, before, until) you leave the plane.
7. Wait here (but, until, since) I come back.
8. The party began at 8:00 and lasted (until, so, when) midnight.
9. I have known Mike (when, since, but) childhood.
10. We went back home (when, but, until) it began to get dark.
1. (but)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. (neither ………. nor)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. (since)
__________________________________________________________________________
4. (if)
__________________________________________________________________________
5. (that)
__________________________________________________________________________
6. (because)
__________________________________________________________________________
116
7. (either ……….. or)
__________________________________________________________________________
8. (not only ……………. but also)
__________________________________________________________________________
9. (for)
__________________________________________________________________________
10. (until)
_________________________________________________________________________
11. 14. (while)
__________________________________________________________________________
12. (before)
__________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4. Write a short paragraph about a day you will always remember. Circle the conjunctions in
your paragraph.
117
REVIEW UNITS 36-42
Exercise 1. Fill in the correct form of the words in parentheses (comparative or superlative).
1. The garden in Jim’s house is prettier than the one in mine. (pretty)
2. Jack was the _________________________ member of our group. (clever)
3. He plays __________________________ in front of the fans than he does in practice. (good)
4. The weather this winter is even __________________________ than last winter. (bad)
5. Non-smokers usually live ___________________________ than smokers. (long)
6. The teacher spoke ________________________ to help the students to understand. (slowly)
7. An airplane cost far ________________________ than a car. (much)
8. With the new computer, Megan works _________________________ at her task. (efficiently)
9. Which is the _________________________ animal in the world. (dangerous)
10. Alicia has __________________________ money in her pocket than she thought. (little)
11. My brother behaves __________________________ than my sister. (quietly)
Exercise 2. Write two adverbs that could modify each of the verbs below. Then write a sentence using
them.
1. Play. ________________________________________________________________________
2. Type. _______________________________________________________________________
3. Clean. _______________________________________________________________________
4. Sing. ________________________________________________________________________
5. Work. _______________________________________________________________________
6. Drive. _______________________________________________________________________
7. Shoot the ball. ________________________________________________________________
8. Cook. _______________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Write sentences using the preposition given in parentheses. Underline the prepositional
phrase in the sentences.
1. (at)
___________________________________________________________________________
118
2. (beside)
____________________________________________________________________________
3. (in)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. (on)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. (inside)
____________________________________________________________________________
6. (with)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. (behind)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. (under)
____________________________________________________________________________
9. (between)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. (across)
____________________________________________________________________________
11. (by)
____________________________________________________________________________
119
6. (and)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. (as)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
9. (either………. or)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. (not only…………… but also)
____________________________________________________________________________
11. (than)
____________________________________________________________________________
120