Metal Fabrication

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN WELDING
CODE AND SUBJECT : DWT 22402 METAL FABRICATION

TITTLE : PIPING
PREPARED FOR : EN. MUSLIM BIN JAMAL
PREPARED BY : MUHAMMAD SAIFUL BIN HAJI ISMAIL
ID NUMBER : 20620521001
DEFINITION OF PIPING
 Pipework, also known as piping, is a system of pipes that is used

to convey fluids. Careful design must ensure the integrity of
pipework, with adherence to various considerations and
principles.
 Pipe is a hollow tube with round cross section for the conveyance
of products. The products include fluids, gases, pellets, powders
and more. The word pipe is used as distinguished from tube to
apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for
pipeline and piping system.
CLASSIFICATION OF PIPING
#Classification of Pipes (Types of Pipe Used in Oil and Gas)

 Different types of pipes are used in various design conditions,
considering technical and commercial parameters. For small
& medium size requirements, seamless pipes are more popular
whereas, for larger diameters, welded pipes are more
economical.

Based on the way pipe manufacturing, Pipes are mainly
classified into two categories seamless and welded. Welded
pipes are further classified based on the method of welding.
There are two ways to weld pipe 1st with filler metal and 2nd
is without filler metal.
USES AND FUNCTIONALITY OF PIPING
 A pipe can be defined as a tube made of metal, plastic,

wood, concrete or fiberglass.
 Pipes are used to carry liquids, gases, slurries, or fine
particles.
 A piping system is generally considered to include the
complete interconnection of pipes, including in-line
components such as pipe fittings and flanges.
 Pumps, heat exchanges, valves and tanks are also
considered part of the piping system.
 Piping systems are the arteries of our industrial
processes and the contribution of piping systems are
essential in an industrialized society.
ASME CODE AND STANDARD FOR PIPING
ASME B31.3 – 2022
 ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922.

 ASME B31.3 contains requirements for piping typically
found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical,
hydrogen, textile, paper and pulp, power generation,
semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related
processing plants and terminals. It covers materials and
components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection,
examination, inspection, and testing of piping.
 This Code applies to piping for all fluids including:
1. raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals
2. petroleum products 3. gas, steam, water and water
4. fluidized solids 5. refrigerants 6. cryogenic fluids.
COMPARISON OF EACH PIPING
 Pipe
Pipes are used for transporting fluids and gases in Chemical,
Petrochemical, Power Plants. They are circular in cross-section and
specified by Nominal Pipe Size.
 Tube
Tubes are used for mechanical applications (Heat Exchanger, Fired
heater, Boiler, etc. They are specified by their outer diameter and
tube wall thickness, in inches or in millimetres.
 Differences between Pipe and Tube
From a layman's viewpoint, both Pipe and Tube seem to be the same
as they have many similarities like both are hollow, usually made
from metals, can transfer fluids, etc. Many a time, these terms are
used interchangeably. But in actual practice Tubes and Pipes are not
the same as both possess different features.
NDT AND DT TEST FOR PIPING
 NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST

Almost all NDT can be done to inspect
pipes. among the tests are:
1. Dye Penetrant testing
2. Magnetic Particle testing
3. Ultrasonic Testing
4. Eddy Current Testing
5. Radiographic Testing
IMPORTANT OF PIPING IN OIL AND
GAS INDUSTRY
 Pipes are essential components of any oil and gas operation. Whether
transporting crude oil from the wellhead to a storage tank or transferring
natural gas from a processing plant to a pipeline, pipes are used throughout
the industry.
 Types of Pipes:
 Steel Alloy
 Steel
 Copper
 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe
IMPORTANT OF PIPING IN OIL AND
GAS INDUSTRY
Benefits of Using Pipes:
Pipes offer several benefits for oil and gas operations:
 They provide an efficient way to transport fluids from one
location to another without risk of leakage or evaporation.
 They can be customized for specific applications by
changing the material or size of the pipe as needed.
 They’re easy to install or repair with minimal downtime
required for maintenance or repair work.
 They require little energy input compared to other methods,
such as pumps or compressors, which can require
significant amounts of electricity or fuel to operate.
CONCLUSION
 Piping systems offer numerous advantages for industrial facilities

looking for reliable and cost-effective ways of transporting fluids
from one point to another safely and efficiently.
 From their durability and reliability, cost-efficiency in terms of
energy savings, and safety features that keep personnel safe it’s
easy to see why piping systems have become so popular among
industrial plants worldwide.
 For these reasons alone, it makes sense for companies looking
into upgrading their facilities to consider using piping systems as
part of their design plan in order to maximize both efficiency and
safety within their operations.
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DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN WELDING

CODE AND SUBJECT : DWT 22402 METAL FABRICATION

 Pipework, also known as piping, is a system of pipes that is used

#Classification of Pipes (Types of Pipe Used in Oil and Gas)

 A pipe can be defined as a tube made of metal, plastic,

 ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922.

 NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST

 Piping systems offer numerous advantages for industrial facilities

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