CHN 1 Immunization Program
CHN 1 Immunization Program
CHN 1 Immunization Program
C. Types of Vaccines
3.1. Live Attenuated Vaccines are derived from wild viruses or bacteria which
are modified or weakened in laboratories. Immunity is elicited by replication of the
attenuated organism in the vaccinated person. The immune response to a live attenuated
vaccine is identical to that induced by natural infection.
• Currently available live attenuated vaccines are those for TB (BCG), Oral
Polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and JE.
3.2. Inactivated Vaccines are produced by growing the bacteria or virus in culture
media which are then subjected to heat or chemical agents. In fractional or subunit form
of these vaccines, organisms are treated to be able to derive those components needed
to produce the vaccines. Both the inactivated or sub-unit preparations must contain
sufficient antigenic mass to stimulate the desired response since it is incapable of
replicating inside the host.
D. Benefits of Immunization
VACCINES SAVE LIVES. The increase in life expectancy during the 20th century
was largely due to increased child survival and reduced deaths due to infectious diseases.
This was brought about largely by immunization.
• Immunization saves lives, prevents diseases and reduces direct and indirect
health costs.
• Vaccines are cost-effective and are a core component of any preventive services
package.
• Vaccines protect children from Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) that once
were top killers and disablers worldwide. These include diphtheria, whooping
cough, tuberculosis, small pox, polio and measles.
• Vaccines continue to give protection against more diseases among various age
groups as new vaccines are developed and tested.
• Vaccines also prevent the spread of these diseases among families, loved ones
and neighbours, resulting in healthier communities.
• Immunization prevents disease transmission from one generation to another,
freeing the next generation from the threat of disease.
F. Immunization Program
Goal: reduction of morbidity and mortality of children against the vaccine preventable
disease (VPD)
1. BCG Vaccine
• Protects infants from tuberculosis
• Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)
– Bacilli described the shape of the bacteriumoute
– Calmette and Guerin developed the vaccine
Side Effects:
• Small raised lump appears at injection site, disappears after 30 minutes
• After 2 weeks – red sore forms
• Remains for another 2 weeks and heals
• A scar about 5mm in diameter remains
• Swelling or abscess
• Septicemia in HIV-infected persons or those with severe immune deficiencies
Administration Summary:
Dosage 0.05ml
2. Hepatitis B Vaccine
• A cloudy liquid provided in single or multi-dose vials
• Monovalent
• Only monovalent vaccine must be used as a birth dose
Administration Summary:
Note: If a child has diarrhea when given OPV, administer an extra dose - a fourth dose;
at least 4 weeks after the last dose
Administration Summary:
OPV IPV
• For the active immunization of infants at 6 weeks or above the age of 6 weeks
• It is a protection against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B and
Haemophilus Influenza Type B
• It should NOT be used for birth dose
Administration Summary:
5. Rotavirus Vaccine
• It is a vaccine to protect against rotavirus infections. These viruses are the leading
cause of severe diarrhea among young children
Administration Summary:
6. Measles Vaccine
• Composition : Live virus
• Efficacy : 95% (range, 90%-98%)
• Duration of Immunity : Lifelong
• Any remaining reconstituted vaccine must be discarded after 6 hours or at the
end of the immunization session
• Vitamin A capsules given at the same time
Administration Summary:
Administration Summary:
AGE
Antigen
At birth 6W 10W 14W 9M 12M
BCG
Hepa B-BD
OPV 1
Rota 1
Penta 1
PCV 1
OPV 2
Rota 2
Penta 2
PCV 2
OPV 3
Penta 3
PCV3
IPV
MCV 1
MCV 2
Note:
• Intradermal – into the skin
• Intramuscular – into a muscle
• Subcutaneous – under the skin
Indications to Immunization
• Allergy or asthma
• Minor illness with temp below 38.5
• Family history of AEFI
• Family history of convulsions, seizures, fits
• Treatment with antibiotics
• Child being breastfeed
• Chronic illness
• Prematurity or LBW
• Recent or imminent surgery
• Malnutrition
• History of jaundice at birth
Contraindications to Immunization
All infants should be immunized except in these 2 rare situations:
• Anaphylaxis or severe hypersensitivity reaction to subsequent doses of the
vaccine. Persons with known allergy to a vaccine component should not be
vaccinated
• Do not give BCG or yellow fever vaccine to an infant that exhibits signs and
symptoms of AIDS
– An infant with known or suspected HIV infection and/or signs and
symptoms of AIDS should receive measles vaccine at 6 months
then at 9 months
– If a parent strongly objects to an immunization do not give
Reference: Maria Visitacion M. Taburnal. Enhancing the Competence of Barangay Health Workers.
2018. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. OmniScriptum Publishing Group. ISBN 978-613-4-90740-1