Yuli Motserrat Moreno Acosta - Assignment 1 2 RIICWD601E

ASSESSMENT COVER PAGE
o STUDENT DETAILS / DECLARATION:
Course Name: Advanced Diploma of Civil Construction Design
Unit / Subject Name: RIICWD601E Manage civil works design processes

Trainer’s Name: Md Oyesh Koronee Assessment No:
Assignment 1 & 2
o I fully understand the context and purpose of this assessment.
o I am fully aware of the competency standard/criteria against which I will be
assessed.
I declare that: o I have been given fair notice of the date, time and venue for the assessment.
o I am aware of the resources I need and how the assessment will be conducted.
o I have had the appeals process and confidentiality explained to me.
o I agree that I am ready to be assessed and that all written work is my own.
This assessment is my:
o First submission o Re-submission (Attempt )

Student Name: Yuli Montserrat Moreno Acosta Student ID: SBDI1272
Student’s Signature: Submission Date:
ASSESSOR USE ONLY:

Assignment 1 o Satisfactory o Not Satisfactory
Result:
Assignment 2 o Satisfactory o Not Satisfactory
o Satisfactory o Not Satisfactory
Final Assessment Result for this unit C / NYC
Feedback: Feedback is given to the student on each Yes / No

Assessment task & final outcome of the unit
Assessor’s
Feedback:
Assessor’s Date:
Signature:
ASSESSMENT FIRST SUBMISSION/RE-SUBMISSION RECEIPT:

It is student’s responsibility to keep the assessment submission receipt as a proof of submission of assessment tasks
Student Name: Student ID: SBDI1272

Yuli Montserrat Moreno Acosta
Unit / Subject Code: RIICWD601E Manage civil works design Assessment No:
processes
Trainer Name: Date:
Signature:
2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 1 | Page

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ASSIGNMENT 1: KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
RIICWD601E Manage civil works design processes
Student Name Yuli Montserrat Moreno Acosta
Student ID SBDI1272
Unit commenced (Date)
Unit Completed (Date)
I hereby certify that I have undertaken these

assessment tasks utilising my own work without
assistance from any other parties. I have not
knowingly plagiarised any work in completing
these assessment activities.
Student Signature

TYPES OF EVIDENCE
The RTO ensures that assessment is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the unit
and the standards and will implement an assessment process which identifies the evidence
required for each unit of competency. They will identify the type of evidence and the assessment
methods used.
Types of evidence include:
Direct Evidence – things that the assessor, observes first-hand, e.g., observation or work
samples
Indirect Evidence – things that someone else has observed and reported to us, e.g., third
party reports
Supplementary Evidence – other things that can indicate performance, such as training
records, questions, written work, portfolios
Assessment methods may include but are not limited to:
Written Activity
Case Study
Observation/Demonstration
Practical Activity
Questions
Third Party Report
Assessment must comply with the assessment methods of the training package and be
conducted in accordance with the Principles of Assessment and assessment conditions. This
means the assessment must be fair, flexible, reliable and valid.

ASSESSMENT INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS
Throughout your training we are committed to your learning by providing a training and
assessment framework that ensures the knowledge gained through training is translated into
practical on the job improvements.
You are going to be assessed for:

Your skills and knowledge using written and observation activities that apply to the
workplace.
Your ability to apply your learning.
Your ability to recognize common principles and actively use these on the job.
All of your assessment and training is provided as a positive learning tool. Your assessor will
guide your learning and provide feedback on your responses to the assessment materials until
you have been deemed competent in this unit.
HOW YOU WILL BE ASSESSED
The process we follow is known as competency-based assessment. This means that evidence of
your current skills and knowledge will be measured against national standards of best practice,
not against the learning you have undertaken either recently or in the past. Some of the
assessment will be concerned with how you apply your skills and knowledge in the workplace,
and some in the training room as required by each unit.
The assessment tasks have been designed to enable you to demonstrate the required skills and
knowledge and produce the critical evidence to successfully demonstrate competency at the
required standard.
Your assessor will ensure that you are ready for assessment and will explain the assessment
process. Your assessment tasks will outline the evidence to be collected and how it will be
collected, for example, a written activity, case study, or demonstration and observation.
The assessor will also have determined if you have any special needs to be considered during
assessment. Changes can be made to the way assessment is undertaken to account for special
needs and this is called making Reasonable Adjustment.
What happens if your result is ‘Not Yet Competent’ for one or more assessment tasks?
Our assessment process is designed to answer the question “has the desired learning outcome
been achieved yet?” If the answer is “Not yet”, then we work with you to see how we can get
there.
In the case that one or more of your assessments has been marked ‘NYC’, your trainer will
provide you with the necessary feedback and guidance, for you to resubmit your responses.

What if you disagree on the assessment outcome?
You can appeal against a decision made in regard to your assessment. An appeal should only be
made if you have been assessed as ‘Not Yet Competent’ against a specific unit and you feel you
have sufficient grounds to believe that you are entitled to be assessed as competent. You must
be able to adequately demonstrate that you have the skills and experience to be able to meet the
requirements of units you are appealing the assessment of.
Your trainer will outline the appeals process, which is available to the student. You can request
a form to make an appeal and submit it to your trainer, the course coordinator, or the
administration officer. The RTO will examine the appeal and you will be advised of the outcome
within 14 days. Any additional information you wish to provide may be attached to the appeal
form.
What if I believe I am already competent before training?
If you believe you already have the knowledge and skills to be able to demonstrate competence
in this unit, speak with your trainer, as you may be able to apply for Recognition of Prior
Learning (RPL).
Assessor Responsibilities
Assessors need to be aware of their responsibilities and carry them out appropriately. To do
this they need to:
Ensure that participants are assessed fairly based on the outcome of the language,
literacy and numeracy review completed at enrolment.
Ensure that all documentation is signed by the student, trainer, workplace supervisor
and assessor when units and certificates are complete, to ensure that there is no
follow-up required from an administration perspective.
Ensure that their own qualifications are current.
When required, request the manager or supervisor to determine that the student is
‘satisfactorily’ demonstrating the requirements for each unit. ‘Satisfactorily’ means
consistently meeting the standard expected from an experienced operator.
When required, ensure supervisors and students sign off on third party assessment
forms or third-party report.
Follow the recommendations from moderation and validation meetings.
How should I format my assessments?
Your assessments should be typed in a 11 or 12 size font for ease of reading. You must include a
footer on each page with the student’s name, unit code and date. Your assessment needs to be
submitted as a hardcopy or electronic copy as requested by your trainer.

How long should my answers be?
The length of your answers will be guided by the description in each assessment, for example:
Type of Answer Answer Guidelines
Short Answer 4 typed lines = 50 words, or
5 lines of handwritten text
Long Answer 8 typed lines = 100 words, or
1
10 lines of handwritten text = of a foolscap page
3
Brief Report 500 words = 1 page typed report, or
1
50 lines of handwritten text = 1 foolscap handwritten pages
2
Mid Report 1,000 words = 2 page typed report
Long Report 2,000 words = 4 page typed report
How should I reference the sources of information I use in my assessments?
Include a reference list at the end of your work on a separate page. You should reference the
sources you have used in your assessments in the Harvard Style. For example:
Website Name – Page or Document Name, Retrieved insert the date. Webpage link.
For a book: Author surname, author initial Year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, City,
State

ASSESSMENT GUIDE
The following table shows you how to achieve a satisfactory result against the criteria for each
type of assessment task. The following is a list of general assessment methods that can be used
in assessing a unit of competency. Check your assessment tasks to identify the ones used in this
unit of competency.
Assessment Method Satisfactory Result Non-Satisfactory Result

You will receive an overall result of Competent or Not Yet Competent for the unit. The assessment process
is made up of a number of assessment methods. You are required to achieve a satisfactory result in each of
these to be deemed competent overall. Your assessment may include the following assessment types.
Questions All questions answered correctly Incorrect answers for one or more
questions
Answers address the question in Answers do not address the
full, referring to appropriate question in full. Does not refer to
sources from your workbook appropriate or correct sources.
and/or workplace
Third Party Report Supervisor or manager observes Could not demonstrate
work performance and confirms consistency. Could not
that you consistently meet the demonstrate the ability to achieve
standards expected from an the required standard
experienced operator
Written Activity The assessor will mark the activity Does not follow
against the detailed guidelines/instructions
guidelines/instructions
Attachments if requested are Requested supplementary items
attached are not attached
All requirements of the written Response does not address the
activity are addressed/covered. requirements in full; is missing a
response for one or more areas.
Responses must refer to One or more of the requirements

appropriate sources from your are answered incorrectly.
workbook and/or workplace Does not refer to or utilise
appropriate or correct sources of
information
Observation/Demonstration All elements, criteria, knowledge Could not demonstrate elements,
and performance evidence and criteria, knowledge and
critical aspects of evidence, are performance evidence and/or
demonstrated at the appropriate critical aspects of evidence, at the
AQF level appropriate AQF level
Case Study All comprehension questions Lack of demonstrated
answered correctly; demonstrating comprehension of the
an application of knowledge of the underpinning knowledge (remove)
topic case study. required to complete the case
study questions correctly. One or
more questions are answered
incorrectly.
Answers address the question in Answers do not address the
full; referring to appropriate question in full; do not refer to

Assessment Method Satisfactory Result Non-Satisfactory Result
You will receive an overall result of Competent or Not Yet Competent for the unit. The assessment process
is made up of a number of assessment methods. You are required to achieve a satisfactory result in each of
these to be deemed competent overall. Your assessment may include the following assessment types.
sources from your workbook appropriate sources.
and/or workplace
Practical Activity All tasks in the practical activity Tasks have not been completed
must be competed and evidence of effectively and evidence of
completion must be provided to completion has not been provided.
your trainer/assessor.
All tasks have been completed
accurately and evidence provided
for each stated task.
Attachments if requested are Requested supplementary items
attached are not attached

Knowledge Assessment (Written Tasks)
1. Outline 2 ways to reduce the environmental impact of civil projects.
● Managing construction waste: Reducing the use of new materials, re-using existing building
materials, recycling what can’t be used again, safely and sustainably managing construction
remaining waste.
● Managing stormwater and wastewater in construction: Prepare and implement a water

management plan for water on or below your site, and engage a specialist like Coates to
manage and treat contaminated water.
2. What is the advantage of incorporating demand operated ventilation in civil designs?
Demand Controlled Ventilation permits a reduction of the demands placed on the exhaust fan, and
thereby increases its longevity, not only saves on air conditioning and space heating, but also
improves air quality by allowing precise control over the outdoor air supply. Energy savings are
achieved with sophisticated airflow management. It can also function as protection against excess
moisture and it helps to reduce heating and its costs and its consequences.
3. In designing stair placement, what would you do to encourage use?
Multiple interventions including enhanced visibility and accessibility, spatial arrangement within a
building. Stairs should be located in an optimal place within a building so that they are the most
convenient choice. The most common approach to encouraging stair use is to utilise 'point of choice'
prompts. These are motivational signs, placed at staircases or near locations where an immediate
conscious decision can be made between stairs or elevators and escalators.
4. How would you develop a sustainable procurement strategy to be implemented during

construction?
The first step in implementing sustainable procurement is to conduct a sustainability assessment. This
involves identifying the social, environmental, and economic impacts of the project's procurement
practices.Start with energy efficient premises, take care of construction waste, consider moving
construction offsite, economise transportation fleet, build a sustainable supply chain, keep the
equipment running as efficiently as possible.
5. Where relevant to the proposed development, what engineering information at should be

provided?
Buildings, roads, and power supplies in a city or region are designed, developed, and overseen as part
of the engineering. It covers all forms of infrastructure, such as highways, railways, bridges, tunnels,
buildings, facilities, ports, airports, and other utilities. Engineering information is responsible for

planning, coordinating, budgeting and supervising projects from start to finish. It has to take care of
the following:
-Engineering plans using detailed drawings that includes project specifications. (Geotechnical,
Structural, MEP, Environmental, Transportation engineering)
-Estimates and budgets
-Work timetables
-Efficient construction methods and strategies
-Accurate project specifications
-Technical reports, engineering calculations and diagrams.
-Regulatory documents concerning safety issues
6. What does it mean to have uniquely identified requirements? Why should requirements be
uniquely identified?
Each necessity is specifically stated just once to prevent confusion or repetition. To make the
requirements traceable and testable, each requirement has to be identified. Additionally, uniqueness
aids in defining criteria precisely and consistently.
7. What is the term used for the processes required to ensure that the project include all the
work required, and only the work required, to complete the work successfully.
(a) Project Scope Management

(b) Bill of Materials
(c) Work Breakdown Structure
(d) None of the above
8. Project Scope Management has following processes:

a. Collect Requirements
b. Plan Scope management
c. Define Scope
d. Create WBS
Arrange them in the correct sequence.
(a) a-b-c-d
(b) c-d-b-a
(c) b-a-c-d
(d) a-c-b-d
9. How does scope creep happen?
Scope creep is typically caused by key project stakeholders changing requirements or sometimes by
internal miscommunication and disagreements.Changes to scope need to follow a clear process to
prevent haphazard changes. The opposite can also happen, in which project teams prevent changes by
strictly enforcing scope and doing what we call “scope kill.”
10. What happens during concept design stages?

During conceptual designing, the architect will gain as much information as required about the
building. They will consider all viable options to develop a code-compliant structure that is
aesthetically pleasing and fits the client's style.
11. What should a completed detailed design include?

● Overall layout.
● Structural plan sections, elevations, and specifications. This involves the location of all
structural elements in relation to gridlines, dimensions and sizes of beams, columns, walls,
and slabs, sketch details of junctions and proposed fixings, superimposed loading allowances
for each floor slab, the proposed discipline for all holes giving range and sizes permissible,
and an outline specification including total weights of reinforcement
● Road layouts and landscape
● Horizontal and vertical circulation routes
● Operational flows and departmental operational policies.
● Building dimensions and gridlines.
● Architectural plans, sections, and elevation of buildings block plans, site plans,
● Elements of design that require early choice of manufacturer.
● Requirements for mock-ups, testing, samples necessary to satisfy performance requirements.
● Key assemblies, component drawings, and schedules with special attention to junctions and
interfaces between elements that influence the structural or service designs. Key assemblies
include external walls, lining, cladding, roofing, floor construction and finishes, staircases.
● Building service plans, sections, and elevations showing plumbing, drainage, ductwork, heavy
pipework, light pipework, and access requirements.
● Define phases if the project is to be phased.
● Safety strategy.
● Fire strategy including compartmentalization, separation, protected shafts, surface spread of
flame and escape strategy
● The use of materials and the potential for recycling and waste handling.
● Risk assessment.
12. Outline a strategy to facilitate collaboration on an engineering project.

● Lead by example
● Communicate clear goals and expectations
● Build your teams around individual strengths
● Create a sense of community
● Invest in the right collaboration tools
13. What is Computer Aided Design?
CAD or computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), is technology for design and technical
documentation, which replaces manual drafting with an automated process. These widely used
software programs can help you draft construction documentation, explore design ideas, visualise
concepts through photorealistic renderings and simulate how a design performs in the real world.
14. What should happen after the design review?
Following the design review meeting, the designer and immediate team consolidate and prioritize
feedback. Designers use the feedback to evaluate opportunities and report back to the larger group on
findings and action items.

15. What does it mean to actively listen?
Active listening is fully being in engaged while another person is talking to you. It is listening with
the intent to understand the other person fully, rather than listening to respond. Is the practice of
preparing to listen, observing what verbal and non-verbal messages are being sent, and then providing
appropriate feedback for the sake of showing attentiveness to the message being presented.
16. How is the client included in design concept development?
Workshop to understand the client’s needs, sharing knowledge, stakeholders interviews, working
together on questions and hypotheses for research, observing research sessions and organize a
workshop for presenting a research report,
17. What is the purpose of design evaluation?
Evaluation design is concerned with the detailed planning of the evaluation. It builds on the
evaluation context to specifically identify practices, processes, timing and responsibilities for
completing an evaluation.
Assessment Outcome

Question Correct (✔)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Assessed by: Assessor Signature: Date:
ASSIGNMENT 2: Skills Assessment


Student Name Yuli Montserrat Moreno Acost
Student ID SBDI1272
Unit commenced (Date)
Unit Completed (Date)
I hereby certify that I have undertaken these

assessment tasks utilising my own work without
assistance from any other parties. I have not
knowingly plagiarised any work in completing
these assessment activities.
Student Signature
Task 1 – Civil Works Design

You are required to undertake a civil construction design project as outlined below. Your Assessor
will take the role of the client for the purposes of this assessment task.

Design Specifications
1. The Problem
You are a civil designer working for the state department of transportation. You have been
assigned responsibility for the design of a truss bridge to carry a two-lane highway across the
river valley shown below.
2. Design Objective
Satisfy all of the specifications listed below, while keeping the total cost of the project as low
as possible.
3. Bridge Configuration
1. The bridge may cross the valley at any elevation from the high water level to 24
meters above the high water level.
2. If the elevation of the bridge is below 24 meters, excavation of the river banks will be
required to achieve the correct highway elevation.
3. To provide clearance for overhead power lines (shown above), the highest point on
the bridge may not exceed an elevation 32.5 meters above the high water level (8.5
meters above the top of the river banks).
4. The bridge may consist of either standard (simple supports) or (arch supports). If
necessary, the bridge may also use one intermediate , located near the centre of the
valley. If necessary, the bridge may also use cable , located 8 meters behind one or
both abutments.
5. Each main truss can have no more than 100 and no more than 200 .
6. The bridge will have a flat, reinforced deck. Two types of concrete are available:
1. Medium-strength concrete requires a deck thickness of 23 centimetres (0.23

metres).
2. High-strength concrete requires a deck thickness of 15 centimetres (0.15
meter).
7. In either case, the deck will be supported by transverse spaced at 4 metre intervals. To
accommodate these floor beams, your must have a row of joints spaced 4 meters apart
at the level of the deck. These joints are created automatically when you begin a new
design.
8. The bridge deck will be 10 meters wide, such that it can accommodate two lanes of
traffic.

4. Member Properties
• Materials. Each member of the truss will be made of either carbon steel, high-strength
low-alloy steel, or quenched and tempered steel.
• . The members of the truss can be either solid bars or hollow tubes. Both types of
cross-sections are square.
• Member Size. Both cross-sections are available in a variety of standard sizes.
5. Loads
The bridge must be capable of safely carrying the following loads:
• Weight of the deck.

• Weight of a 5-cm thick , which might be applied at some time in the future.
• Weight of the steel floor beams and supplemental bracing members (assumed to be
12.0 applied at each deck-level joint).
• Weight of the main trusses.
• Either of two possible truck loadings:
● Weight of one standard H25 truck loading per lane, including appropriate
allowance for the dynamic effects of the moving load. (Since the bridge
carries two lanes of traffic, each main truss must safely carry one H25
vehicle, placed anywhere along the length of the deck.)
● Weight of a single 480 kN Permit Loading, including appropriate allowance
for the dynamic effects of the moving load. (Since the Permit Loading is
assumed to be cantered laterally, each main truss must safely carry one-half
of the total vehicle weight, placed anywhere along the length of the deck.)
6. Structural Safety
The bridge will comply with the structural provisions of the state specified standards, to
include:
• Material densities
• Load combinations
• Tensile strength of members
• Compressive strength of members
7. Cost
The cost of the design will be calculated using the following cost factors:
• Material Cost:

● Carbon steel bars - $4.50 per kilogram
● Carbon steel tubes - $6.30 per kilogram
● High-strength steel bars - $5.00 per kilogram
● High-strength steel tubes - $7.00 per kilogram
● Quenched and tempered steel bars - $5.55 per kilogram
● Quenched and tempered steel tubes - $7.75 per kilogram
• Connection Cost: $500.00 per joint

• Product Cost: $1000.00 per product
• Site Cost:
● Reinforced concrete deck (medium strength) - $5,150 per 4-meter

panel
● Reinforced concrete deck (high strength) - $5,300 per 4-meter panel
● Excavation - $1.00 per cubic meter (See the Site Design Wizard for
excavation volume)
● Supports (abutments and pier) - Cost varies (See the Site Design
Wizard for specific values)
o $6,000 per anchorage
Required:
1. Make a detailed list of all constraints and requirements to the bridge design.
2. Prepare functional specifications
3. Present at least 2 designs to meet the design specifications. The designs are to include, as relevant:
● calculations, which may include:

● loads
● sheer forces
● bending moments
● stresses
● construction materials and services quantities
● construction cost estimates
● recommended sizing of components

● recommended materials
● recommended reinforcement sizing and location
● drawings
● risk assessment of:
● the existing conditions

● the application of the design
● maintainability of the works
● health, safety and environmental requirements

● contribution to ancillary documentation, which may include:
● design notes
● construction notes
● supplementary drawings
● input to the specifications
Note: The designs, and their development, should comply with relevant requirements including:
● legislative, organisational and site requirements and procedures

● manufacturer's guidelines and specifications
● Australian standards
● Code of practice
● Employment and workplace relations legislation
● Equal Employment Opportunity and Disability Discrimination legislation

Truss bridge
Lateral
Front

1. The client ordered a Truss Bridge to be built, and after discussion, all the details, design,
and ideas were put into practices.
Designing a truss bridge involves several important steps, and understanding and defining the main
parts of the bridge is indeed a crucial initial stage. A truss bridge is a type of bridge structure that uses
a framework of connected triangular elements to distribute loads and provide stability. Here are the
main parts of a truss bridge:
 Truss Members: Truss members are the individual components that make up the triangular
framework of the bridge. These members can be made of steel, timber, concrete, or other
materials, depending on the design and intended use of the bridge.
 Top Chord: The top chord is the upper horizontal member of the truss that carries
compression forces. It runs along the top of the truss and supports the weight of the bridge
and any loads placed on it.
 Bottom Chord: The bottom chord is the lower horizontal member of the truss that carries
tension forces. It counteracts the compressive forces in the top chord and helps distribute the
load.
 Vertical Members (Posts and Struts): These are the vertical elements that connect the top and
bottom chords. They help transfer loads between the chords and provide additional support
and stability to the bridge.
 Diagonal Members (Ties and Braces): Diagonal members connect the top and bottom chords
at an angle, forming triangles. They help distribute loads and forces efficiently, ensuring the
stability of the bridge under various conditions.
 Nodes: Nodes are the points where truss members intersect and are connected together.
Properly designed nodes ensure that the members can transfer forces effectively and maintain
the overall structural integrity of the bridge.

 Deck: The deck is the surface upon which vehicles, pedestrians, or other loads travel. It is
supported by the truss framework and provides a pathway across the span of the bridge.
 Abutments and Piers: Abutments are the supports at each end of the bridge, while piers are
additional supports located between the abutments. These structures provide stability and
transmit the load from the bridge to the ground or foundation.
 Gusset Plates: These are steel plates that are often used to connect truss members at nodes.
They help reinforce the connections and ensure that the members remain securely fastened
together.
 Anchorages: Anchorages are used to secure the ends of tension members, such as the bottom
chord, to the abutments or piers. They prevent the members from pulling away from the
supports.
 Bracing Systems: Bracing systems consist of additional diagonal and vertical members placed
strategically to enhance the overall stability and rigidity of the truss.
2. We use Newton’s physics for the designing of truss bridge.
Newton's laws of motion play a significant role in the design and analysis of truss bridges. These laws
provide the foundational principles for understanding how forces and loads affect the stability,
equilibrium, and overall behavior of bridge structures. Engineers use Newton's laws to ensure that
truss bridges are designed to withstand various forces and maintain structural integrity. Here's how
Newton's laws are applied in the design process:
 First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will
continue in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force.
In the context of truss bridges, this law helps engineers understand how different loads (e.g.,
dead loads, live loads, wind loads) can affect the equilibrium and stability of the bridge. By
considering the forces acting on each part of the truss, engineers can design the bridge to
resist and balance these forces, ensuring that it remains static and safe.
 Second Law (Law of Acceleration): The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly
proportional to the force applied and takes place in the direction in which the force is applied.
For truss bridges, this law is used to analyze how external loads and forces, such as the weight
of vehicles and pedestrians, impact the bridge's structural elements. Engineers calculate the
forces at various points in the truss to determine the distribution of loads and ensure that the
bridge can handle the expected acceleration and deceleration forces without failure.
 Third Law (Action-Reaction Law): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
In truss bridge design, this law is considered when analyzing the forces and reactions at the
supports (abutments and piers) of the bridge. The forces exerted by the bridge on its supports
and vice versa are crucial for determining the stability and load-bearing capacity of the
structure. Engineers ensure that the supports are designed to withstand these reactions and
transfer the forces safely into the ground or foundation.
 In addition to directly applying Newton's laws, engineers also use principles derived from
these laws to perform detailed structural analysis and simulations, including:
 Equilibrium: Engineers ensure that the forces acting on each part of the truss are in
equilibrium, meaning the sum of forces in any direction is zero. This prevents unbalanced
forces that could lead to deformation or collapse.
 Load Distribution: Newton's laws help engineers distribute loads appropriately within the
truss members to minimize stress concentrations and ensure that no individual member is
subjected to excessive forces.
 Dynamic Effects: Engineers consider how Newton's laws apply to dynamic forces such as
wind gusts, traffic vibrations, and seismic events to design bridges that can withstand both
static and dynamic loads.

 Safety Factors: By applying safety factors to the calculated loads and forces, engineers ensure
that the bridge design can accommodate uncertainties and unexpected conditions beyond the
predicted loads.
-Within the model, apply loads according to set standard (AASHTO or other know loads). Common
loads include: Live loads, dead loads, determine the required strength for each truss member based on
load resistance factor design (LRFD) or allowable stress design (ASD) and determine the most
optimal member for each element of the truss and the most optimal connection between these
elements.
3. Constraints and requirements to the bridge design.
Minimization cost, it would be evaluated based on the structure stability and cost.
Bridge configuration:
-The bridge must be at a height of 24 meters above water.
-The bridge structure may consist of either standard abutments or arch abutments. The bridge may use
a pier if necessary
-The truss may not have more than 50 joints and no more than 120 members.
-The bridge will have a flat concrete deck with high strength concrete which is 15 cm thick.
Member Properties:
-Materials: Each member of the truss will be made of either carbon steel, high-strenght.
-Cross sections: The members of the truss are solid bars.
-Member size: Both cross sections are available in a variety of standard size but we have use
(5cm*5cm)
The bridge is capable of safely carrying these loads:
-Reinforced concrete deck.
-Weight of a 5 cm thick asphalt wearing surface, which might be applied at some time in the future.
-Weight of the steel floor beams and supplemental bracing members.
-Weight of the main trusses,
-The H25 truck loading per lane.
-The bridge will comply with the structural safety provisions of the 1994 LRFD AASHTO
Bridge Design Specifications include:
-Material densities

-Combinations and load
4. After the design of the bridge, it was shown to the client to be approved all the feedback was
validated and the bridge was changed where it was possible to meet the requirements of the
clients, and the bridge was reviewed by the engineers and passed to the client, it was accepted
to proceed.
5. All the calculations were done to provide a safe and stable bridge according to the
Australian Standards
Calculations:
Terms use and formula
-Density
d = M/V
The density of a material can be described as the mass of a unit volume. The mass of the unit volume
can be different from one substance to another due to the atomic bonds of the substance.
=Density in Kilograms per cubic metre=Mass in Kilograms
=Volume in cubic metres (length*breath*height)
Sn Assumptions
1 Assumptions 7850 kgm-3
2 Width of carbon steel beams 5 cm
3 Thickness of carbon steel beams 5 cm
4 Thickness of the composite concrete deck slab in bridge 0.25 cm
5 Width of carbon steel beams 5 cm
6 Thickness of carbon steel beams 5 cm
7 Length of Bracing
8 Base (b) 4m
9 Perpendicular distance (P) 5m
10 Length of Bracing (I) 6.03 m

Volume Calculation
Sn Description No of (L( Length Cross Length (l) Final

quantity of carbon sectional Volume
(No) steel square Area= L*L (m^3)
pipe (m) (m^2)
1 Volume of 14 0.05 0.0025 5 0.175

Vertical
Member
2 Volume of 28 0.05 0.0025 6.03 0.4221

Bracing
3 Volume of Horizontal Support
From Bottom View
Volume of 4 0.05 0.0025 48 0.48

carbon
Steel
Support in
X-axis
Volume of 13 0.05 0.0025 10 0.325

carbon
Steel
Support in
Y-axis
From top View
Volume of 2 0.05 0.0025 44 0.22

Support in
X-axis
Volume of 6 0.05 0.0025 10 0.15

Support in
Y-axis
Total 1.7721
Mass Calculation
Mass Calculation Of Carbon Steel
Density of carbon 7850 kgm-3
From formula of density

Mass=x*V m=7850*1.7721
Total Mass of carbon steel (Kg) 13910.985 kg
Mass calculation Concrete
Volume of concrete Slab
No of slab (No.) 7
Length(l) of concrete slab (m) 4
Breath (b) of slab (m) 10
Thickness (h) of slab (m) 0.25
Volume (v)=No.*(l*b*h) 70
Density of concrete slab (kgm-3) 2500
Mass m(kg) 175000
Total Load
Weight of a single 480 kN Permit Loading 480 kN
From Question total moving load 960 kN
Load bridge (kg)=Total Mass of concrete+Total Mass of carbon steel
175000+13910.985
188910.985 ln kN
188910.985 *0.00980665= 1852.58391 kN
Total Load of bridge (kN)
Load bridge+Total moving load
= 1852.58391+960
2812.58391 kN

Reaction Force
Since the above is the maximum load of the bridge.
So, Ay= By
Vertical Force=Condition of equilibrium
Ay+By-2812.58391
=0
Since, Ay=By
2Ay=2812.58391
or, Ay=(2812.58391)/2
Ay=1406.29196 and By=1406.29196
Cost Analysis
Cost Analysis
Sn Description Rate Quantity Total
1 Carbon steel 5 2485736.59 12428683

(High-strength
steel bars-$5.00
per kilogram)
2 Reinforced 5300 7 37100

concrete deck
(high strengt-
$5300 per 4
meter panel)
3 Connection 600 76 45600

($500.00 per
joint)
Total Amount
Total cost is $12511383
6. During construction
-All the legislation, design and developments were based on the “Code of Practice Construction
Work”.

-Risk assessments of the existing conditions were analysed and controlled as electrical hazards the
power supply over the bridge was transferred to another area, for excavations were used barricades,
and fire extinguishers were positioned in specific locations for easy access in case of fire from
welding or grinding. It also provided PPE and SWMS to all the employees to do safe work.
7. Health, safety and environmental requirements
Reducing the environmental impact in the construction of a bridge involves a combination of

sustainable practices, materials, and design considerations. By implementing eco-friendly
strategies, you can minimize resource consumption, energy use, and negative effects on the
environment. Here are some ways to achieve a more environmentally friendly bridge
construction:
Design and Planning:
 Site Selection: Choose a site that minimizes ecological disruption and preserves
natural habitats.
 Optimal Design: Use efficient design principles to reduce material use and optimize
load distribution.
 Life Cycle Assessment: Consider the environmental impacts of the bridge's
entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to construction, operation, and
eventual decommissioning.
Materials Selection:
 Sustainable Materials: Choose eco-friendly, locally sourced materials with a low carbon
footprint, such as recycled steel and concrete, and rapidly renewable materials like bamboo or
engineered wood.
 Low-Impact Foundations: Opt for foundation systems that minimize disturbance to soil and
water bodies, such as pile foundations or shallow foundations.
Construction Practices:
 Prefabrication: Use off-site prefabrication to reduce on-site construction time, waste, and
emissions.
 Eco-Friendly Equipment: Utilize low-emission construction equipment and machinery
powered by renewable energy sources.
 Erosion and Sediment Control: Implement measures to prevent soil erosion, sediment runoff,
and water pollution during construction.
Energy Efficiency:
 Renewable Energy: Power construction activities using renewable energy sources like solar or
wind power.
 Energy-Efficient Lighting: Use LED or other energy-efficient lighting for construction site
illumination.
Waste Management:

 Recycling and Reuse: Establish a waste management plan that prioritizes recycling and reuse
of construction materials.
 Construction Waste Minimization: Minimize waste generation through efficient material use
and design modifications.
Water Conservation:
 Rainwater Harvesting: Collect and use rainwater for construction site activities to reduce
water demand from local sources.
 Water Treatment: Implement measures to prevent water pollution and sediment runoff into
nearby water bodies.
 Habitat Restoration and Biodiversity Enhancement:
 Mitigation Measures: Implement habitat restoration and enhancement projects to offset
ecological disruption caused by construction activities.
Local Community Engagement:
 Stakeholder Involvement: Engage with local communities to address concerns, promote

sustainable practices, and minimize disruptions.
Green Certifications:
 LEED or BREEAM: Consider seeking green building certifications such as LEED

(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or BREEAM (Building Research
Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) to ensure the project meets recognized
sustainability standards.
Monitoring and Reporting:
 Environmental Monitoring: Continuously monitor and assess the environmental impacts

during construction and implement corrective actions as needed.
 Public Reporting: Provide transparent reporting on the project's environmental performance
and initiatives.
-Following the Flora and Fauna Legislation, all flora and fauna were protected management, which
includes:
● Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act)

● National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act)
● Native Vegetation Act 2003 (NV Act)
● Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act) (formerly TSC Act 1995)
● Fisheries Management Act 1994 (FM Act).
● Biosecurity Act 2015 (replaces the Noxious Weeds Act 1993)
● Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) (EPBC
Act)
● Pesticides Act 1999
-Fences and signs were put up before the bridge to protect the wildlife installed to warn drivers about
nearby animals. The cultural heritage requirement to proceed aspect was examined.

-To reduce the environmental impact, all wasted material was recycled or sent to the appropriate place
to be treated.
8. Employment and workplace relations legislation.
We follow:
● Fair Work Act 2009

● Racial Discrimination Act 1975
● Sex Discrimination Act 1984
● Disability Discrimination Act 1992
● Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
● Age Discrimination Act 2004
● Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999
All the employees were inducted and trained to be performing good and safe work.
When construction began, signs were installed around the site to show the progress of the work to all
employees. Also, a meeting every week with all employees is held to inform everyone about all the
processes during the week and reinforce safety management at work.
Observation Checklist (To be completed by Assessor)
Observation Criteria S NS
Obtained, interpreted, clarified and confirmed work requirements
Accessed, interpreted and applied documentation required for civil works

design and confirmed work activity is compliant
Analysed client design criteria requirements for civil works to confirm

required specifications are included
Advised client on potential environmental impact of proposed works and

provided design options that meet environmental requirements
Confirmed required development and implementation factors are

addressed in civil works design criteria
Prepared functional specifications according to engineering standards and

design specifications
Obtained and documented and client agreement on civil works design

criteria
Identified innovative procedures for developing the design concept

according to design requirements

Investigated and analysed potential design concepts that meet design

requirements
Collaborated with client to improve outcomes and resolve issues

associated with design concept
Advised client of potential impacts of proposed works on local

communities
Analysed and selected resources, processes and systems required to

develop the design
Coordinated design tasks to meet required outcomes and cost structure
Developed and check design solution against engineering specifications
Established documentation management process according to workplace

requirements
Checked and confirmed supporting documentation required to implement

the design meets workplace requirements
Checked and confirmed design is identified by design documentation and

records specified by client
Applied documentation control process specified by client when making

changes to design
Checked and confirmed design documentation for currency and accuracy
Reviewed design and confirmed it meets client requirements
Incorporated amendments advised by client and confirmed design meets

legislative requirements
Reviewed design with client and obtain documented approval
Prepared and implemented plans that verify completed physical work

meets client requirements
Developed periodic test schedules for monitoring performance and

permitted involved personnel to implement corrective action as required
Sought feedback from commissioning process to facilitate corrective

actions and design improvements
Evaluated design outcome performance according to workplace

requirements

Evaluated community response to design outcome and document

according to workplace requirements
Adhered to statutory compliance requirements and procedures
Adhered to work health and safety requirements and procedures
Adhered to environmental management requirements and procedures
Adhered to cultural and heritage requirements and procedures
Adhered to quality management requirements and procedures
Prepared functional specifications applying engineering standards and the

design specifications
Used a range of communication techniques and equipment to convey

information to others
Outcome
❑ Satisfactory ❑ Unsatisfactory
Comments:
Date ______________________
Signed _____________________________ (Assessor)
Signed ______________________________(Student)

Assessment Outcome Record

In order to be deemed competent in this unit, the candidate must answer all written questions correctly
and satisfactorily complete all practical tasks. In order to complete all practical tasks, all Observation
Criteria need to be satisfied, i.e. demonstrated and marked as an 'S'. The task summary outcome must
be noted as satisfactory to note the demonstration of a satisfactory outcome for each practical task
requirement.
Student Name
◻ Not Yet Competent ◻ Competent
Comments
Assessor (Name)
Assessor Signature
Date

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ASSESSMENT COVER PAGE

o STUDENT DETAILS / DECLARATION:

Course Name: Advanced Diploma of Civil Construction Design

Unit / Subject Name: RIICWD601E Manage civil works design processes

This assessment is my:

o First submission o Re-submission (Attempt )

ASSESSOR USE ONLY:

o Satisfactory o Not Satisfactory

Final Assessment Result for this unit C / NYC

Feedback: Feedback is given to the student on each Yes / No

ASSESSMENT FIRST SUBMISSION/RE-SUBMISSION RECEIPT:

Student Name: Student ID: SBDI1272

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 1 | Page

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 2 | Page

Student Name Yuli Montserrat Moreno Acosta

Unit commenced (Date)

Unit Completed (Date)

I hereby certify that I have undertaken these

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 3 | Page

Types of evidence include:

Assessment methods may include but are not limited to:

Third Party Report

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 4 | Page

You are going to be assessed for:

Your ability to apply your learning.

HOW YOU WILL BE ASSESSED

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 5 | Page

What if I believe I am already competent before training?

Ensure that their own qualifications are current.

Follow the recommendations from moderation and validation meetings.

How should I format my assessments?

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 6 | Page

Short Answer 4 typed lines = 50 words, or

5 lines of handwritten text

Long Answer 8 typed lines = 100 words, or

Brief Report 500 words = 1 page typed report, or

Mid Report 1,000 words = 2 page typed report

100 lines of handwritten text = 3 foolscap handwritten pages

Long Report 2,000 words = 4 page typed report

200 lines of handwritten text = 6 foolscap handwritten pages

How should I reference the sources of information I use in my assessments?

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 7 | Page

Assessment Method Satisfactory Result Non-Satisfactory Result

Responses must refer to One or more of the requirements

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 8 | Page

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 9 | Page

● Managing stormwater and wastewater in construction: Prepare and implement a water

2. What is the advantage of incorporating demand operated ventilation in civil designs?

3. In designing stair placement, what would you do to encourage use?

4. How would you develop a sustainable procurement strategy to be implemented during

5. Where relevant to the proposed development, what engineering information at should be

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 10 | Page

(a) Project Scope Management

8. Project Scope Management has following processes:

9. How does scope creep happen?

10. What happens during concept design stages?

2023 T3 RIICWD601E Assignment 1 & 2 11 | Page

11. What should a completed detailed design include?

=Volume in cubic metres (lengthbreathheight)