Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Data
Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Data
Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Data
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52070
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Abstract: The intensity of precipitation plays a crucial role in hydraulic engineering when creating hydraulic structures and
evaluating their impact. To design hydraulic projects such as drainage networks, bridges, and road culverts, Intensity-Duration-
Frequency (IDF) curves are used. These curves are heavily influenced by project planning, design, and operation in the field of
water resources engineering and are also used in various flood structures. In this study, the frequency of rainfall intensity
duration was determined in Kamti, Khari, catchments, Nagpur Maharashtra, from 1996 to 2019. Three different frequency
analysis methods, including log-normal, Gumbel, and log-Pearson type III distribution, were applied to fit the corresponding
curves. Analyzing the precipitation data is of great importance in this field..
Keywords: IDF curves, probability distributions, good-ness of fit test, return period, IDM reduction formula .
I. INTRODUCTION
Analyzing precipitation data is an important area of research for meteorologists, hydrologists, and climatologists. Precipitation data
are typically collected over long periods of time and are often used to predict future weather patterns and plan water resource
management strategies. Probability distributions such as the lognormal distribution and the logPearson distribution are often used to
analyze precipitation data. The mathematical relationship that relates the intensity, duration, and return period of rainfall is known as
the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve. Due to the increase in population and infrastructure development, many regions have
become vulnerable to flooding risks. To design cost-effective flood control structures, IDF curves can be used. Over the past few
decades this study focuses on the IDF relationship of rainfall, and various statistical distributions have been compared. The log
Pearson type III (LPT III) and Gumbel was found to be the best method among the studied methods. The following study aimed to
create IDF precipitation curves for the kamthi khari region under changing climatic conditions for the return period of 2, 3, 5, and 13
years duration. The lognormal distribution is a probability distribution commonly used to model natural phenomena that are
expected to have a wide range of values. For precipitation data, the lognormal distribution is often used to model the frequency of
precipitation events. This distribution assumes that the logarithm of the precipitation data follows a normal distribution. This is a
useful assumption when dealing with variables with skewed distributions. The log-Pearson distribution is another probability
distribution commonly used when analyzing precipitation data. This distribution is a variant of the Pearson distribution transformed
to a logarithmic scale. The Gumbel distribution is commonly used to model the distribution of precipitation event magnitudes. This
distribution assumes that the data follow a generalized extreme value distribution. This is a useful assumption when dealing with
variables with heavy-tailed distributions. Overall, the use of probability distributions such as the lognormal and log Pearson
distributions helps meteorologists, hydrologists, and climatologists better understand precipitation patterns and make more accurate
predictions about future weather conditions.
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2181
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Kamthi khairi Ctachment located at north east region of Nagpur district the catchment experiences tropical therefore the maximum
rainfall experienced by the catchment 304 mm while the average rainfall 224 mm The station used to record the rainfall intensity
was of FCS(Full climate station) type .
1) Station name: Kamthi Khairi Full climate station.
2) District: Nagpur
3) Tehsil/taluka : Nagpur
4) Major basin/zone: Pench river
5) Local river basin: kanhan river
6) Latitude: 20"31'49" N
7) Longitude: 78°22"26" E
Table 1: The rainfall depth P(t ) for t-hour duration (in mm)
year Maximum Intensities for particular duration (mm).
year 1 hr 2 hr 4 hr 6 hr 12 hr 24 hr
1996 70 70 70 70 70 85
1997 15 20 30 48 48.5 56.4
1998 54 79 109.7 109.7 110 134
1999 15.15 50 65 65 70 79
2000 54.5 200 218 218 218 230
2001 44.5 55 61.5 61.5 96 105
2002 45.5 59 69 69 137.5 140
2003 27.833 79.5 84 111 140 145
2004 22.5 37 37 48.5 67 73
2005 19.75 62 80.5 86.5 112.5 118
2006 30 38.5 55 58.5 64 68
2007 24.75 64 76 76 90 96
2008 47 68 124.5 146.5 156 165
2010 28.5 34.5 43 45.6 50 55
2018 15.8 23.7 34 45 48 50
2019 16.7 33.5 36 38 45 52
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2182
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2183
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
IT = ---(3)
where d represents the time duration in hour.
The equation (2) is used to calculate the frequency factor. This factor helps determine the return periods of 2, 3, 5, and 13 years for
all durations. Equation (1) can be used to find the rainfall frequency (Pt) for a certain duration and return period (TR) in mm.
Equation (3) can then be used to calculate the rainfall intensity (IT) in mm/h for the TR return
period. The findings in Table 4 indicate that rainfall intensity decreases as storm duration increases. Additionally, rainfall of a
certain duration has a higher intensity when it has a high return period. The Gumbel method's IDF curves are illustrated in Figure 6,
plotted on the normal scale for TR values of 2, 3, 5, and 13 years.
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2184
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
VI. CONCLUSION
1) The study of 16 years (1996 -2019) of rainfall data for kamthi khariri catchment was carried out and frequency analysis was
carried out
2) It was deduced that the highest intensity was observed in the 13-year return period, while the lowest intensity was recorded in
the 2-year return period.
3) The Easy Fit 5.5 software was used to identify the best distribution of results. The LSSMIC statistical model was used to assess
the fit of each probability distribution, and it was found that the distribution was the best option. The Gumbel distribution had
the lowest LSSMIC value of 0.82895 and was selected as the ideal distribution for the data related to Nagpur city.
4) It is recommended to use the newly produced IDF curves to estimate rainfall intensities for different return periods. By utilizing
the revised IDF curve, it is possible to construct and maintain urban water management systems, such as culverts and bridges,
among other things.
5) The results obtained from the current study on precipitation data of Kamthi Khairi indicate that there is no significant difference
in rainfall analysis results of IDF curves between the applied methods. This can be attributed to the sub-tropical climate and flat
terrain dominant in Nagpur, which cause only slight differences in rainfall values.
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
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