10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 8:
Finding the Probability of A∪B
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 8: Finding the Probability of A∪B
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Region III, SDO Nueva Ecija

Schools Division Superintendent: Jessie D. Ferrer, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents: Mina Gracia L. Acosta, PhD, CESO VI
Ronilo E. Hilario

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Crisabel E. Ganias

Editor: Arnel V. Ferriol
Leonides E. Bulalayao PhD
Teresita S. Moraleda
Reviewer: SDO Nueva Ecija
Layout Artist: Crisabel E. Ganias
Management Team: Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Florentino O. Ramos, PhD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD
Eleanor A. Manibog, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III - SDO Nueva Ecija

Office Address: Brgy. Rizal, Sta. Rosa, Nueva Ecija

Telefax: (044) 940-3121
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are clearly stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons

in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know
This module was prepared and designed in order to enhance the
learners’ skills and mathematical abilities focusing on finding the
probability of A∪B.
At the end of this module, the learners are expected to find the
Probability of A∪B. M10SP-IIIg-h-1

What I Know

Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not
able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module. Write the letter of your choice on a sheet of paper.

1. If P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.5 and P(A∩B) = 0.4. Find P(A∪B).

A. 0.2 B. 0.3 C. 0.7 D. 0.8

2. If a die is rolled once, what is the probability of getting an even number

or a 5?
2 3 4 2
A. B. C. D.
3 6 6 6

For items 3-6 Suppose that today there is a 90% chance of rain (A), a 20%
chance of cool monsoon (B), and a 15% chance of both rain and cool monsoon.
3. What is the P(A)?
A. 0.05 B. 0.75 C. 0.90 D. 0.20

4. What is the P(B)?

A. 0.05 B. 0.75 C. 0.90 D. 0.20

5. Calculate the P (A𝑐 ∩ B c)?

A. 0.05 B. 0.75 C. 0.90 D. 0.20

6. Find the P(A∪B)?

A. 0.05 B. 0.75 C. 0.95 D. 0.90

1
For items 7-10. The Venn diagram below shows the probabilities of Grade 10
students joining the COVID 19 relief operations ( A) or Clean and Green
Project (B).

S
A B

0.5 0.1 0.3

0.1

7. What is the probability of Grade 10 students joining the COVID 19

relief operations?
A. 0.6 B. 0.4 C. 0.2 D. 0.3

8. Which of the following is the probability of Grade 10 students joining

the Clean and Green Project?
A. 0.6 B. 0.4 C. 0.3 D. 0.2

9. Calculate the P(𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐 )?

A. 0.5 B. 0.4 C. 0.1 D. 0.3

10.Find the P(A∪B)?

A. 1 B. 0.5 C. 0.9 D. 0.7

2
 Lesson
Illustration of Events and Union
1 and Intersection of Events

What’s In

As a review, you have learned that the probability is a measure of how

likely an event is to occur. Also, the union of two events A and B is the event
that occurs if either A or B or both occur on a single performance of the
experiment. It is denoted by A∪B which contains all the sample points in A
or B or both. The general addition rule for the union of two events P(A or B
)=P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B). Where P(A∩B) is the intersection of the elements of two
sets.

A B

A or B = A∪B

3
Example 1
There are 12 balls in a box that are numbered 1-12. A ball is drawn at
random. Find the probability that the number on the ball is,
a. less than 4
b. greater than 6

Given A - event that the number on ball is less than 4

B - event that the number on the ball is greater than 6
P(A)- probability that the number on ball is less than 4
P(B)- probability that the number on the ball is greater than 6

Solution
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9, 10,11,12} A={1, 2, 3, } B = {7, 8, 9, 10,11,12}
3 1
a. 12 = 4
6 1
b. =
12 2

Example 2
Look at the Venn diagram below. It shows the probabilities of Grade 10
students joining the dance troupe (D) or the varsity team (V).

U
D V

0.3 0.2 0.4

0.1

Determine the following probabilities:

1. P (D)
2. P (V)

Solutions:
1. P (D) = 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.5
2. P (V) = 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.6

4
 What’s New

Let us try to think of the following:

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3

If a card is drawn If a card is drawn If a card is drawn
randomly from a deck of at random from a deck randomly from a deck of
52 cards, find the of 52 playing cards, find 52 cards, find the
probability of getting an the probability that the probability of getting a
ace. card drawn is an ace or jack or a spade.
a king.

1. What have you noticed? Are questions 1 to 3 the same? If not? In what
way?
2. How will you identify if the given problem is a probability of simple event
or probability of the union of two events?
3. How do you differentiate questions 2 and 3? Are they different? How?

Recognizing simple event and union of two events with common

elements or intersection and no common elements or no intersection will give
you an easy way of finding the probability of A∪B.

What is It

The union of events A and B, denoted by A∪B, is the collection of all

outcomes of the set A and B, or of both of them.

There are three main rules associated with basic probability: the
addition rule, the multiplication rule and the complement rule. You can think
of the complement rule as the “subtraction rule” and this helps you to
remember.

For example, If A= {1, 3, 5, 7,9} and B={1, 2,4,6 8}then A∪B =

{1, 2,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9}. Notice that the element 1 is not listed twice in the union,
even though it appears in both sets A and B. This leads us to the general
addition rule for the union of two events P (A or B) =P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

5
 Where P(A∩B) is the intersection of the elements of two sets. We must
subtract this to avoid double counting of the inclusion of an element.

If sets A and B are disjoint, the event A∩B has no common elements
and considered as an empty set denoted as ∅, which has a probability of
zero. So the general addition rule for disjoint is P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B).

Example 1.
If a die is rolled once, what is the probability of getting an even number
or a 3?
Let A - event of getting an even number
B - event of 3
Solution:
A and B are disjoint since A∩B = ∅
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6} n(S) = 6

A ={2,4,6} n(A) = 3
B = {3} n(B) = 1

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)

3 1
= +
6 6
4
= 6
2
P(A∪B) = 3

Example 2
A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is an ace or a king.

Let event A represents drawing an ace and event B drawing a king.

Solution:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
4 4
= +
52 52
8
= 52
2
P(A∪B) = 13

Example 3
Suppose we are playing a standard deck of card, and we will win if the
next card drawn is either a diamond or a king. We would be interested in

6
 finding the probability of the next card being a diamond or a king. If A and
B are events in the same sample space, then the probability of A or B occurs,

P(A∪B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)

13 4 1
= + -
52 52 52
16
= 52
4
P(A∪B) =13

By Complement
P(A∪B) = 1 – P(𝐴𝑐 ∩𝐵𝑐 )
36
= 1- 52
16
= 52
4
P(A∪B) = 13
By Venn Diagram n(S) = 52 -the standard deck of cards

U
A B

12 1 3

36 P(A∪B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)

13 4 1
= + -
52 52 52
16
= 52
4
P(A∪B) =
13

Example 4
A school canteen owner wants to park his motorcycle and he knows of
an area of free (but illegal) parking near San Antonio Nueva Ecija Gym. If the
probability that a motorcycle parked in this area will be ticketed by the police
is 0.35 and it will be damaged is 0.15, and that it will be ticketed and
damaged is 0.10. Find the probability that the motorcycle parked in this area
will be ticketed or damaged.
Find P (A or B)
Given: P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.15 and P(A∩B) = 0.10
Solution:
P (A or B) = P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
= 0.35 + 0.15 - 0.10
P(A∪B) = 0.40

7
 By Venn diagram
The probability of both occurring is 0.10,
U
and the probability of it will be ticketed is 0.35
A B
that means 0.25 is the probability of it will be
ticketed and not damaged, while the
0.25 0.10 0.05
probability that it will be damaged is 0.15 and
0.05 is the probability of it will be damaged but
0.60 not ticketed. Then looking for the complement
of these events, that is 0.60.

Solution:
P (A or B) = P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
= 0.35 + 0.15 - 0.10
P(A∪B)= 0.40

By Complement
P(A∪B) = 1– P(𝐴𝑐 ∩𝐵𝑐 )
= 1- 0.60
P(A∪B) = 0.40
Example 5.
In a certain barangay, 65% of the people received relief goods (A),
70% were given an aid under the Social Amelioration Program or SAP (B)
and 45% were given both relief goods and aid under SAP. What is the
probability of the people who were given relief goods or SAP?
Given
Event A = 0.65, Event B = 0.70 and P(A∩B) = 0.45
Solution:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P∩B
= 0.65 + 0.70 - 0.45
P(A∪B) = 0.90

What’s More

Test Yourself. You can do the tasks by your understanding. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If a die is rolled once, what is the probability of getting an even

number or a number greater than 2?

8
 2. Using the Venn diagram below, calculate the following:

a. P (A) U A B
b. P (B)
0.25 0.05 0.35
c. P (Ac ∩B c)
d. P(A∪B)

3. One ball is drawn from a box containing 3 green, 5 blue and

yellow balls. Find the probability that the ball drawn is a yellow or
a blue.

4. A box contains 4 white, 3 black and 8 blue marbles. What is the

probability of drawing a white or a black marble?

5. Jose likes to wear colored pants. He has 12 pants in his closet.

Three of these are black, four are in different shades of blue, and
the rest are of mixed or different colors. What is the probability
that he will wear a black or a blue pants?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Complete each statement by filling in the

blanks with the appropriate or correct answer/s and write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The complement of an event is the set of all outcomes that are

__________________ in the event.

2. The __________________ of sets A and B is the set of elements which

belongs to A or to B or both.

3. From a bag containing 4 blue, 6 brown and 5 red balls, 1 ball is drawn.
The probability that is either a brown or a blue is __________________.

4. If a die is rolled once, the probability of an odd number or a number

greater than 3 is __________________.

5. The probability of event A or event B with common element/s is equal

to the probability of event A plus the probability of event B minus the
probability of their __________________.

9
 What I Can Do

Activity 1.

Solve and analyze then write your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A card is drawn from a standard deck of cards.

Find the probability of drawing a heart or a 7.

2. If a die is rolled, what is the probability of getting

a. an even number or a number greater than 3?
b. an odd number or a number greater than 4?
c. an even number or a number greater than 1?

Activity 2. If they can, I can!

Create a problem situation showing that your section will undergo the
two types of COVID19 testing namely, the PCR or SWAB test and the Rapid
Testing.
The problem to be created must have the application of the general
addition rule in finding the probability of A∪B.

Solve and show your solution using Venn diagram.

Rubric for Activity 2

Assessment Category 1 2 3 4
A. Knowledge and Limited Some Considerable Thorough
Understanding Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge
1.The learner solves
real-world probability
problem using fractions
or decimals.
B. Thinking Limited Some Considerable Thorough
Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness
1.The student
demonstrates
mathematical thinking
through creating the
problem and
determining the
necessary information.
2.The student uses
problem solving skills.

10
C. Communication Limited Some Considerable Thorough
Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness
1. The student
presents outcomes
in a variety of ways
and uses
appropriate
formulas.
D. Application Limited Limited Limited Limited
Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness
1. The student
presents all the
possible
outcomes of the
probability of
(A∪B).

Assessment

Directions: Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer and write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Twelve balls in a jar are numbered from 1 to 12. A ball is drawn at

random. Find the probability that the number on the ball drawn is less
than 6 or greater than 9.
1 2 3 1
A. 2 B. C. D.
3 4 2
2. What is the probability of getting a queen or a heart, if a card is drawn
from a deck of 52 playing cards?
12 3 4 1
A. B. C. D.
13 13 13 13
3. The probability of any event that cannot be happened.
1 2
A. 1 B. 0 C. D.
2 3
4. The Mathematics and English Departments hold a review session in
preparing the students for National Achievement Test. Among all the
students seeking help from the said departments, 65% need help in
Mathematics, 30% need help in English and 27% need help in both
Math and English. What is the probability of students who need help
in either Math or English?
A. 0.27 B. 0.30 C. 0.68 D. 0.63
5. If a die is rolled once, what is the probability of getting an odd number
or a 4?
1 2 1 1
A. B. C. D.
6 3 2 4

11
 12
What I know
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. C Assessment
10. C
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
What I can do 5. B
Activity 1
4
1.
13
5
2. a.
6
2 What’s more
b.
3
5
5 1.
6
c
6 2. a 0.30
b. 0.40
c. 0.35
What I have learned
d. 0.65
3
3.
4
1. not
7
4.
15
2. union
7
2 5.
3. 12
3
5
4.
6
5. intersection
Answer Key
References

Books

Obsequio Enrico L. Experiential Unified Math 10 DANE Copyright 2015. DANE

Publishing House Inc.

Orines, Fernando B., Mercado, Jesus P., Esparago, Mirla S., Manalo, Catalina B.
and Reyes, Nestor V. Jr., Next Century Math 10 Copyright©2015 by Phoenix
Publishing House Inc. with Quezon City

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O., E-Math 10, Published Copyright Rex
Bookstore Sampaloc Manila.

Website:

http:/flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook-12-interactive-geometry

13