Classification 1 MS

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
*1(a)(i) (QWC – spelling of technical terms must be correct and the QWC emphasis on spelling
answer must be organised in a logical sequence)
1. IGNORE refs to amplification,
1. multiple copies of DNA made / eq ; large amounts
2. using {PCR / polymerase chain reaction} ;
3. credit any correct detail of PCR ; 3. .g. step 1: 90 to 95 oC,

step 2: 50 to 65 oC,
step 3: 70 to 80 oC,
use of {primers / DNA
polymerase / nucleotides},
many repetitions
4. reference to restriction {enzymes / endonucleases}

to produce DNA {fragments / eq} ;
5. reference to (gel) electrophoresis ;
6. idea of {loading / eq} the DNA onto the {gel / named 6. e.g. agarose, agar
gel} ;
7. idea that an {electric current / charge} is applied ; 7. ACCEPT apply potential

difference
8. reference to use of {dye / fluorescent tag / UV light /
Southern blotting / gene probes / radioactive
labelling / eq}; (6)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii) ACCEPT idea of comparing bands
for 1 mark if mps 1, 2 or 3 cannot
be awarded
ACCEPT bars / blocks
1. idea of comparing total number of {bands / eq} ;
2. idea of comparing position of {bands / eq} ;

(3)
3. idea of comparing {size / width} of {bands / eq} ;
Question
Number
1(b)
1. {scientific / peer reviewed} {papers / journals /
magazines / article} ;
2. (scientific) {conferences / lecture / forums} ;
3. media reports ; 3. e.g. TV, radio, newspaper,

internet
(2)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Question
Answer Additional Comments Mark
Number
2(a)
No marks for blank spaces.

Feature Cellulose Cellulose No marks for hybrid x/
molecule microfibril
Alpha (α) ×
glucose
 
1,4- glycosidic
bonds
×
1,6- glycosidic
bonds
× 
Hydrogen
bonds
Any 2 correct for 1 mark ;;;; (4)
Question
Number
2(b) Either way around
1. Archaea ;
2. Bacteria ; 1.. CCEPT Archaeobacter (2)
Question
Number
2(c)
1. idea that organisms with {
specific / particular / shared /
common / similar / eq } {
characteristics / features /
traits / eq } are placed in a
group ;
2. detail of how characteristics

assessed, e.g. observable
characteristics, behavioural
similarities, similarities in DNA,
molecular phylogeny ;
(2)
Question
Number
2(d) IGNORE ‘critically evaluated’
as it is in the stem of the
1. scientific findings published e.g. in question
a journal ;
2. idea of presented at scientific

conference / eq ;
3. idea of peer review ; 3.. ‘peer reviewed journa

gains Mp1 as well
4. (other scientists) repeat 4.. m t be an indication of

experiments (to confirm or validate further testing being carried
findings / test reliability of data) ; out (3)
Question
Number
3(a)  C Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya ;
(1)
Question
Number
3(b) (i) 1. published in { scientific paper / 1. IGNORE online, internet

journal } / eq ; ACCEPT scientific
magazine
2. at a conference / presentation / eq ; (2)
Question
Number
3(b) (ii) 1. idea of peer review ;
2. idea of repeating experiments to 2.. m t be an indication

confirm or validate findings ; of further testing being
carried out (2)
Question
Number
3 (c) 1. idea that organisms with { specific /

particular / shared / common / similar
/ eq } { characteristics / features /
traits / eq } are placed in a group ;
2. idea that taxonomic groups have

specific differences ;
3. idea that phylogeny describes

{evolutionary / genetic} relationship ;
4. idea that molecular phylogeny based 4.. IGNOR gene

on similarities in { DNA / DNA sequence
sequence / proteins / eq } ; (4)
Question
Number
4(a)(i) Accept converse throughout
1. (successful interbreeding) produces offspring;
2. (same species produce) fertile (offspring); Ignore viable
3. credit reason why offspring of different species eg genetic incompatibility, different

might be infertile ; number of chromosomes, poor quality
gametes , low number of gametes (3)
Question
Number
4(a)(ii) 1. reference to reproductive isolation ;
2. different breeding times;
3. do not recognise {courtship displays / songs

/ eq} ;
4. physically incompatible eg genitalia ; (3)
Question
Number
4(b) 1. idea that the two species share the same
habitat ;
2. idea that the two species experience the Accept similar

same environmental conditions ;
3. (therefore) the same selection pressures ; NB this needs to be in the context of both
species being subjected to the same
selection pressures
Accept similar
4. idea that they are both well-adapted (to
their environment) ;
5. idea that no mutations have happened that

{improve / change} their {phenotypes /
survival};
6. {no / few} changes in allele frequency /

gene pool is stable ;
7. idea that there has been very little change in (3)

environment (over the years) ;
Question Answer Mark
Number
5 (a)(iv) 1. idea of {checking his methods / repeating experiments

/ eq} ;
2. to collect more data /review his data / test his results

/ eq ;
3. to see if his results could be replicated / check

reliability of data / eq ;
(2)
Question Answer Mark

Number
5 (b)
Feature Domain
Bacteria Eukaryota
Ribosomes 9 9
Smooth 8 9
endoplasmic
reticulum
Cell (surface) 9 9
membrane
Slime capsule 9 8
;;;;
Any two correct for one mark (4)

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Question

Answer Additional Guidance Mark

2. using {PCR / polymerase chain reaction} ;

3. credit any correct detail of PCR ; 3. .g. step 1: 90 to 95 oC,

4. reference to restriction {enzymes / endonucleases}

5. reference to (gel) electrophoresis ;

7. idea that an {electric current / charge} is applied ; 7. ACCEPT apply potential

2. idea of comparing position of {bands / eq} ;

2. (scientific) {conferences / lecture / forums} ;

3. media reports ; 3. e.g. TV, radio, newspaper,

No marks for blank spaces.

Any 2 correct for 1 mark ;;;; (4)

2. detail of how characteristics

2. idea of presented at scientific

3. idea of peer review ; 3.. ‘peer reviewed journa

4. (other scientists) repeat 4.. m t be an indication of

3(a)  C Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya ;

3(b) (i) 1. published in { scientific paper / 1. IGNORE online, internet

2. at a conference / presentation / eq ; (2)

3(b) (ii) 1. idea of peer review ;

2. idea of repeating experiments to 2.. m t be an indication

3 (c) 1. idea that organisms with { specific /

2. idea that taxonomic groups have

3. idea that phylogeny describes

4. idea that molecular phylogeny based 4.. IGNOR gene

2. (same species produce) fertile (offspring); Ignore viable

3. credit reason why offspring of different species eg genetic incompatibility, different

2. different breeding times;

3. do not recognise {courtship displays / songs

4. physically incompatible eg genitalia ; (3)

2. idea that the two species experience the Accept similar

5. idea that no mutations have happened that

6. {no / few} changes in allele frequency /

7. idea that there has been very little change in (3)

5 (a)(iv) 1. idea of {checking his methods / repeating experiments

2. to collect more data /review his data / test his results

3. to see if his results could be replicated / check

Question Answer Mark

Any two correct for one mark (4)

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