Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Subsidiary Level In Biology (WBI16/01)
Paper 1: Practical Biology and Investigative Skills
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P71885A
Publications Code WBI16_01_MS_2301
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(a) A description that contains five of the following:

 clear statement of the dependent variable (1) Eg (counting) number/mass of plants/leaves

Ignore rate.
Units not needed
 use of five different concentrations (1)
Eg petri dish/beaker (so plants can be
 plants set up with suitable apparatus (to enable counted/find mass) not test tube
counting leaves/collecting plants) (1)

 For a (stated/same) time minimum 1 day

 identification and control of one variable (1)

Accept:
Temperature – thermostatic water bath
/AC/incubator pH – buffer
light intensity – bulb at set distance
eg to find variability/SD

not mean rate

 repeats and calculate means (to compare) (1)

eg number/mass of plants/leaves/leaflets divide

 description of calculation of rate (1)
by time (6)
 Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(b)
An explanation that includes three of the following:

 nitrogen used to form chlorophyll (1)

 to form {amino acids/ proteins} (1)

 (for) enzymes (1) Accept relevant named enzyme

 to form {nucleotides / RNA / DNA/ribosomes} (for accept ATP/other organic compounds that can be
the synthesis of chromosomes) (1) formed

 to produce a named {protein/ e.g. tubulin/spindle fibres

organelle/membrane} involved in cell division (1)
(3)

(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

 Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a) Emphasis is on risk to humans
 suitable risk identified (1) e.g. harmful bacteria /infection/pathogens/biohazard
not contamination unqualified

 suitable control of risk (1) e.g. good aseptic technique /specific example e.g. limited
lifting of lid/gloves/incubate below body temperature
ignore allergies
(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(b) Suitable working shown ECF for MP2 and 3
 correct of log 10 values (1) 4.15 & 2.95

 correct of denominator (1) 0.602 (allow 0.301x2)

 correct answer to three sig figs (1) 1.99 / 1.98

Correct answer (1.99/1.98) without working 3 marks
Allow one mark only either for log 10 14000 – log10 900
divided by 0.301x2 OR just 0.301x2
Allow 2 marks for a correct answer with the wrong sig figs
and no working e.g. answer 1.986 (3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(c)(i) Any two from Mark the first answer on each line
Abiotic Unless the second answer on a line is a biotic factor
 temperature (negates)
 pH
 oxygen
 growth medium

(2)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(c)(ii) An inappropriate biotic/abiotic variable can still gain
both marks
 variable with suitable control method described ;
E.g. incubator/AC/Thermostatically controlled
 results are not valid / description of expected waterbath
effect on the dependent variable ;

Accept reduced validity (2)

(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)
There is no (significant) difference between the (mean) Accept equivalent correct answers
time before extension in mud and sand (habitat) Eg time to re-emerge/ different substrates
(1)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(i) MP1 do not accept an extra column
 suitable table with correct raw data (1) Time before extension /s
Mud (habitat) Sand (habitat)
 with headings with units (1) 14.8 14.0
8.2 7.4
 correct means (1) 9.9 9.2
11.6 12.6
12.0 10.7
14.2 7.8
10.7 8.0
11.2 11.1
8.9 10.7
12.1 10.8
12.9 11.2
Mean 11.5 Mean 10.3
Means must be to the same number of decimal places
(3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(ii)
 axes labelled including units, and linear scale Mean time (for extension) /s mud sand
starting at zero without a break (1)
Ignore line if drawn
 data plotted correctly in bar graph format (1)
Mean 11.5 10.3
 range bars correctly plotted (1) Range mud 8.2 -14.8 sand 7.4 - 14 (3)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(i) Allow ECF if incorrect mean values used for MP2
 correct numerator (1) and 3
1.2/1.182
 correct denominator (1)
0.763 /0.873

 correct answer (1) 1.37 /1.35

Correct answer gains 3 marks

Correct substitution into formula gains one mark
instead of mps 1 and 2 (3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(c)(ii)
 the critical value is 2.09 (1) Accept ECF for calculated values greater than 2.09
Followed by logical statements
 calculated value is less than the critical value,
therefore accept the null hypothesis (1)

 there is no (significant) difference between the Accept there is a difference if they have rejected
extension time for mud and sand animals (1) null hypothesis

 comment on variability of data (1) Eg range bars overlap (3)

Question Mark
Answer Additional Guidance
Number
3(d) An answer that includes two of the following:
Ignore refs to rhodopsin
 opsin changes when stimulated by {light/photon}
/ changes retinal from cis to trans / a different
isomer (1)

 causes an {action potential/impulse} (in sensory) Accept descriptions leading to hyperpolarisation

nerve (1)

 causing a reflex response (1) Accept muscle contraction/reflex action

(2)

(Total for question 3 = 16 marks)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a) An answer that includes three of the following:

 find a suitable method of identifying this species (1)

 find a suitable method to stimulate grasshopper

movement (because they are camouflaged) (1)

 find the time of day/month the grasshoppers are (most) Accept the best time of day/month to do the
active (1) study

 find a suitable {sampling/counting} method (1) E.g. suitable methods - transects/size of

quadrat/capture and release/nets /how to
measure the grasshopper population

 find suitable weather conditions (1)

(3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

4(b) An answer that includes eight of the following:

 clear statement of the dependent variable (1) Eg number of grasshoppers per unit area

 method of producing standardised sample sites (of

known area on both sites) (1)

 standardised {method/time} of counting on both Allow use of nets/quadrats/camera suitable way to

sites (1) mark/recapture grasshoppers /Lincoln index

 identify two variables to be monitored (1) Accept control

Eg temperature, light(intensity) , humidity, rainfall,
pH, time of day, weather

use similar aspect/slope of road and gravel area

 Describe how one variable can be
{monitored/controlled} (1)

 repeats for {one/either} sample area (1)

Accept different days
 repeat the whole investigation at different times of
year (between November and March) (1)

 method of calculation of population density (1) (8)

 Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(c)  raw data table with headings and appropriate units, Accept any headers with units
with means calculated from repeats (1) Accept description of calculating mean
Do not accept units in the body of the
table
 bar graph with labelled axes (1)
Accept labels on graph from table
 use of an appropriate statistical test for difference (1) (3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(d) An answer that includes three of the following:

 difficulty in identifying this species (1)

 difficulty in seeing/making grasshopper move. (1) Accept rare/hard to find

Accept hard to catch them

 difficult to ensure each grasshopper counted is a
new individual (1)

 difficult to {measure/monitor} a named variable Accept cannot/difficult to control

(1)
Accept can only be sampled once as they are
 Sampled once so population may change over time endangered

(3)
(Total for question 4 = 17 mark
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