CREATIVE

NON-
FICTION
Senior High School - Grade 12
 GRADING SYSTEM
● WRITTEN WORKS – 25 %
● PERFORMANCE TASK – 45%
● QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT – 30%

TOTAL - 100%
 REQUIREMENTS
● 2-Notebooks (Lecture & Diary)
● Long white folder with plastic jacket
● Long Bond Paper
Analyzing
Techniques &
Interpreting
Themes
Senior High School - Grade 12
 At the end of the discussion, you
are expected to:
1. Analyze the theme and techniques used in a
particular text.

2. Interpret the theme and techniques used in a

particular text.
“Pass the ball”: Identify whether the following
words belong to fiction or non-fiction.
Imaginary Essay Real Fables

Documentary Drama Biography Myth

FICTION NON-FICTION
Imaginary Essay
Fables Real

Drama Documentary

Myth Biography
● The main divisions of literature
are prose and the poetry.

● Prose is divided into two: the

fiction and the non-fiction.

● Both have their common and

distinct elements and types.
About Fiction & Non-Fiction
FICTION NON-FICTION
Features Features
● Imaginary ● Real (People,

● Characters (People, Events, Ideas)

Animals, Objects) ● Fact

● Plot (Setting, ● Organization

Conflict, Style
Resolution, Theme)
Kinds of Fiction & Non-Fiction
Most Common Genres of FICTION

● Fables, folktales, fairytales

● Fantasy, mystery
● Myth, legend
● Historical fiction
● Drama, poetry
● Science fiction
Kinds of Fiction & Non-Fiction
Most Common Genres of NON-FICTION
● Biography
● Autobiography
● Newspaper article
● Essay
● Documentary
● Speech, diaries, letters
● Informational
 ELEMENTS OF FICTION
01 Plot and Structure
02 Characterization
03 Theme
04 Setting
05 Point of view
06 Style
07 Symbol, allegory and fantasy
08 Humor and irony
 WHAT IS NON-FICTION?
Non-fiction pieces are based on facts and author’s
opinions about a subject.

Non-fiction could be biographies, articles from

textbooks, newspaper and magazine articles.

The purpose of non-fiction writing is to

inform and sometimes persuade.
 CREATIVE NON-FICTION

Creative non-fiction is a genre of writing that

utilizes the elements and styles of writing
fiction to artistically and aesthetically express,
inform and persuade others about facts and
true-life accounts
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Read and analyze the “direct
statements” below. Identify the style or
technique used through the underlined and
italicized portions, phrases or words. Choose
your answer on the pool of words provided.

Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View

Simile Hyperbole Symbolism
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

1. “The flower that I cherished for six

summers, the flower - so lovely and
fragrant is just a dream now. I woke up
one day and everything is a question as
to why the flower went away.”

Symbolism
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

2. “I cried a river when my favorite cat

died. Muning is my favorite pet. We
spent four years together and I can’t
imagine life without her.”

Hyperbole
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

3. “Being in love is like heaven. It is a

feeling that is incomparable among
other feelings or emotions. To be in love
is like a rainbow, full of colors, full of
joy!”

Simile
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

4. “She looked at me with wonder and

amazement. I know deep down in her
minds she wants to ask me if I truly did the
things. I know in her heart that she might
not believe everything I said. Well, she
needs to because this is the new version of
me.” Point of View
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

5. “She has a long shiny black hair with chinky eyes

and an aquiline nose. Her eyelashes are long and
curly like that of Cleopatra. Her pouting lips are
small, pinkish in color and it seems inviting. Her
body is like that of Angel Locsin and her smile
makes my heart so delighted like the angelic smile
of Marian Rivera.”
Imagery
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

6. “Sheila, see? Sally sells seashells by the

seashore! She shared same sentiments
with Sarah but you should not be saying
the same!”

Repetition
 Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View
Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

7. “The silence is deafening me. His looks

blind me. He does not even say any single
word. I know he figured out everything. His
fully zipped mouth is so loud that it may
explode anytime. I feel different. I feel
terrified.”
Oxymoron
ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Read and analyze the “direct
statements” below. Identify the one-word idea
or message (subject or topic) of the statements
by choosing your answer on the pool of words
provided.

Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell

Prejudice Heroism Positivity
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity

1. “We struggled a lot like a stray dog, with

no permanent home, no refuge. We have
no food to eat, not even a single penny.
We drink water from the muddy lake,
tastes like a rusting iron.”

Poverty
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
2. “I have fought the good fight, I have
finished the race, I have kept the faith.
Now there is in store for me the crown of
righteousness, which the Lord, the
righteous Judge, will award to me on
that day.”
Farewell
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
3. “I have no choice but to save the child
though I know my life will be at risk. I
just feel it’s my duty to help those who
are in need. I never regret I broke my
arm, at least a life was saved and God
used me as His instrument.”
Heroism
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
4. “I don’t feel like to be her friend. She’s a
highlander. She looks like my old shoes,
out of the trend. I couldn’t imagine her
style of clothing still exist this era. Oh
my gosh! Is everything fine? Is the world
okay?”
Prejudice
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
5. “I think good things will come to those who
patiently wait. I also look into the beauty of
each human being regardless of their
culture, status and backgrounds. Lastly, I
believe that everyone can change when
they see inspiration whether it’s spiritual,
physical, moral or emotional.”
Positivity
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
6. “In the fell clutch of circumstances, I have
not winced nor cried aloud. Under the
bludgeonings of chance, my head is bloody
but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath
and tears, looms but the horror of the
shade. And yet, the menace of the years,
finds and shall find me unafraid.”
Courage
 Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell
Prejudice Heroism Positivity
7. “Lord, please cleanse away my soul. I know
that I sin oftentimes and that I am a human
with many inequities. I know that I sometimes
commit sin against your will. Sometimes I
cannot control and tell myself to do the right
thing. I ask for your forgiveness and hope to
remind me always of my promise.”

Piousness
Analyzing
Techniques &
Interpreting
Themes
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● There are specific differences of a total
fiction text and a creative non-fiction text.

● Some of these are the elements, styles and

techniques.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● However, there are also similarities
underlying between the two.

● Some of these are the themes, tone, mood,

point of view and some other styles and
techniques present in fictional accounts.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● Creative non-fiction texts are true accounts
while utilizing some of the techniques and styles
of fiction.
● Creativity includes the use of literary devices
which can be divided into two: literary
techniques (which include the use of figurative
language) and literary elements (which
include the theme).
LITERARY TECHNIQUES
● Literary Techniques are specific, deliberate
construction and use of language to convey
meaning. It is an artistic and an aesthetics way
of writing texts.

● Oftentimes, these techniques are indirectly or

implicitly used in a text. Sometimes, readers
experience difficulty in figuring out the
intended meaning because of these techniques.
LITERARY TECHNIQUES
● Unlike literary texts, techniques are not
necessarily present in all texts.

● However, creative non-fiction texts utilize

techniques commonly used in literary texts as
part of art and aesthetic aspect of writing.
LITERARY TECHNIQUES
● Some of these techniques are the inclusion of
figures of speech, dialogue, imagery, kenning,
symbolism, parallelism, foreshadowing,
flashback, approach to events such as deductive
or inductive, employment of sounds, choice of
word, humor, representation, and form of
writing and more others.
LITERARY TECHNIQUES
● The items in activity 1 used symbolism,
figurative language, point of view, alliteration
and imagery.

● These are called techniques employed in

writing and could possibly be used also in
speaking.
LITERARY THEME
● Theme refers to the central idea, subject, topic
or message of the text.

● Oftentimes, a narrative text, poetry and literary

texts have themes.

● Themes are the overall idea or message

conveyed in the text.
LITERARY THEME
● It is an underlying belief and outlook of the
author about life inside and outside him.

● It is often universal.

● Universality means true to all- felt and

experienced by all.
LITERARY THEME

● Some of the examples of themes are love, power,

corruption, courage, excellence, prejudice,
discrimination, good versus evil, heroism,
beauty, nationalism, patriotism, positivity,
poverty, piousness or religiosity, survival and
many more.
LITERARY THEME
● If you have noticed, activity 2 showed the
themes used in the items but it only utilized
direct statements.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
For you to do it, you should at least have the
following competencies:

● (1) You can read text at least in a

comprehension, interpretive and critical
level;
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
For you to do it, you should at least have the
following competencies:

● (2) You should have knowledge about literary

techniques, elements forms and types;
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
For you to do it, you should at least have the
following competencies:

● (3) You have the skill to relate experiences to

the text or vice versa;
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
For you to do it, you should at least have the
following competencies:

● (4) You love reading and learning.

RECAP
QUIZ 1
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
1. Give one specific DIFFERENCE between
fiction text and a creative non-fiction text.
Elements, Styles, Techniques

2. What are the SIMILARITIES underlying

between the two? (Give only one)
Themes, Tone, Mood, Point of view
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
3. It is based on true accounts while utilizing
some of the techniques and styles of fiction.
Creative Non-Fiction
4. - 5. Creativity includes the use of literary
devices which can be divided into two:
__________ and __________.
Literary Techniques & Literary Elements
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
6. It refers to the central idea, message or
subject the text want to convey.
Theme
7. It is an artistic and an aesthetics way of
writing texts.

Literary Technique
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
8-9. Give at least 2 Literary Techniques.
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
10-11. Give at least 2 themes.
GIVE WHAT IS ASKED:
12-15. Give only one competency on how to
analyze techniques and interpret themes used
in a text.
ACTIVITY 3, 4, 5
(By Pair)
 The Diary of the Girl
Dear Diary,

It was a very cold winter when the breath of the light

of home was taken back by the Giver of life. I was out in the
dark during that time. The moon keeps on smiling but
suddenly it cried. I have cried out so loud from the envelope
of love and caress. At the same time, the deafening silence
of the great woman cornered the four sides of the white
room. Together with the men and women in white, is the
pillar of home. Yes, he was left alone, just with me, with that
day of tears, sorrow and melancholy.
 The Diary of the Girl
But he, knowing I am the cause of the decease of his
dearly love, his flower of delight since high school of loyalty
and honesty, with love and tenderness, with sacrifice and
devotion, he poses that smile of inspiring and motivating
love as I was going out of the school. It seems he always
misses me after eight hours stay inside that highly-cost
home of human knowledge and wisdom. He holds and
carries me in his strong arms as he turns me once or twice
around. He kisses me with his beard that tickles my thin
skin. But the feeling is different. I love it.
 The Diary of the Girl
Yes, he was left alone with only a piece of land
inherited from his deceased parents (which was sold when I
was out to light) since my mom’s family defied him for his
indigence and misfortune. He was alone. He works nine or
ten hours a day in that factory of not-so-popular cloth trade.
His pay is just a little. However, his money is like abundant
leaves. I was wondering how he pays our rent, our water,
our food, my ice cream, my Barbie, my tiny thick uniform,
my candies, my chocolates and my pretty toys.
 The Diary of the Girl
Sometimes, I ask the air, “Where on earth my dad get
lots of money?” Isn’t it surprising? Yes, it is. It is really
surprising that my dad pretends to be happy though I am the
cause of his heartaches when mom died. Yes he is rich because
he pretends to be someone because he wants me to be happy at
all times. He pretends not to be tired because he wants me to
be good at school. He makes me laugh because he does not
want me to be lonely. And most of all, he wants me to smile
because when I do, his pain will go away. Sometimes, he holds
his stomach. I know it is empty for the whole day. How I wish
that time must fly so fast so I could accompany him to bear his
burdens.
 The Diary of the Girl
I knew it then. I knew that his joy is me. He sacrifices,
he lies and he pretends because I am the only fruit of his
sweet long love from the great woman whom I owe my life-
my mom. How touching for a little girl like me with five and
four years in this world! Though innocent, I feel the warm
caress and tender touch, sweetest smile and eyes so bright
of my dad.

This is Sharina, leaving you of the greetings, “Happy

Father’s Day! Love your dad unconditionally!”
ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 3

1. What point of view was used in the text?

A. First Person
B. Omniscient
C. Second Person
ACTIVITY 3

2. What does the persona refer to as the “light

of home”?

A. Father
B. Mother
C. Self
ACTIVITY 3

3. What happened during that cold winter as

stated in the introduction part of the text?

A. The mother died.

B. The father left.
C. The baby died.
ACTIVITY 3

4. What does the persona refer to as the

“envelope of love and caress”?

A. loving hands of the father

B. the warm look of the mother
C. the womb of the mother
ACTIVITY 3

5. How will you describe the tone of the opening

or introduction part?

A. Happiness
B. Excitement
C. Sadness
ACTIVITY 3

6. How does the persona describe the light of

home?

A. Courageous
B. Great
C. Weak
ACTIVITY 3

7. What does the persona mean when she said

“home of human knowledge and wisdom”?

A. Family
B. Hospital
C. School
ACTIVITY 3

8. What particular annual celebration was the

letter written?

A. Christmas Program
B. Mother’s Day
C. Father’s Day
ACTIVITY 3
9. Why does the father pretend to be someone
else?
A. He does not want his daughter to see his
struggles.
B. He wants to retain in his daughter’s mind
that they are rich.
C. He loves his daughter that he provides
everything, and he does not want his
daughter to see him struggling.
ACTIVITY 3

10.Why did the author write this true account?

A. to inspire people to be better on their studies

B. to persuade readers to love, respect and
appreciate their fathers
C. to emphasize the greater value of loving
mothers who bear a baby and sacrifice her
life
ACTIVITY 4
ACTIVITY 4

1. What does the writer refer to when he said,

“Giver of Life”?
God
2. What does the writer refer to when he said,
“Pillar of Home”?
Father
ACTIVITY 4

3. What figure of speech is used with the

statement, “His money is like abundant
leaves.”?

Simile
ACTIVITY 4

4. What figure of speech is used in the

statement, I ask the air, “Where on earth my
dad get lots of money?”

Symbolism
ACTIVITY 4

5. What does the word flower symbolize from

the statement, “I am the cause of the decease
of his dearly love, his flower of delight.”?

Gender/Masculine
ACTIVITY 4

6. What figure of speech is used in the

statement, “The moon kept on smiling but
suddenly it cried.”?

Personification
ACTIVITY 4

7. What Archaic Style is used in writing the

text?
Kenning
8. What technical approach is used to
conceptualize the story?

Apostrophe
ACTIVITY 4

9. What figure of speech is used in the

statement, “The deafening silence of the
great woman cornered the four sides of the
white room.”?
Oxymoron
ACTIVITY 4

10.What type of text is “The Diary of the Girl?

Narrative
ACTIVITY 5
ACTIVITY 5

Love, Respect, Appreciation

1. Main Theme: _____________________
Death & Farewell
2. 1st Minor Theme: _____________________
Poverty & Survival
3. 2nd Minor Theme: _______________________
Happiness & Satisfaction
4. 3rd Minor Theme: __________________________
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● The true-to-life narrative you just read is an
example of creative non-fiction.

● It is non-fiction because it is based on true story

of people, where it became creative because it
utilized the techniques and elements of fictional
accounts.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● The Diary of a Girl is a narrative true-to-life
story of Sha, the writer’s friend.

● From the construction of the story, it can be

noted that an archaic style called KENNING
was utilized.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● Kenning - is an old conventional styles of
naming terms and words such as home of
knowledge and wisdom for school, Giver of Life
for God and the others

● The story is constructed using a first-person

point of view with a melancholic or dramatic
beginning.
Analyzing Techniques & Interpreting
Themes
● Lastly, the theme can be determined easily
based from the common knowledge and plot of
the story.
QUIZ 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following ideas refers to the
specific and deliberate use of language to
convey meaning and is considered as a
device?

A. Literary Device
B. Literary Technique
C. Poetic License
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. What is the central idea or message which
the story or text revolves in?

A. Character
B. Point of View
C. Theme
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. The use of quoted speech or direct
statements in the text is an example of
literary technique. What specific literary
technique is this?

A. Conversation
B. Dialogue
C. Foreshadowing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. Which of the following items does NOT
belong to the group?

A. Characters
B. Figures of Speech
C. Symbolism
MULTIPLE CHOICE
5. Which of the following items does NOT
belong to the group?

A. Love
B. Heroism
C. Flashback
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. What is the basic pre-requisite of analyzing
techniques used in a text?

A. considerable comprehension level

B. knowledge about literary techniques
C. both A and B
MULTIPLE CHOICE
7. What aspect is deemed necessary in order for
the reader to connect and relate with the
text?

A. Experience
B. Knowledge
C. Love for Reading
MULTIPLE CHOICE
8. Why do writers use figurative language as
one of the techniques in writing a text?

A. It is for the purpose of art and aesthetics.

B. It makes conveyance of meaning more
understandable.
C. It functions as the other way of expression to
impress readers.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
9. “I experience a lot of heartaches from the
community I belong. Because I am a black
man, I was rejected by few if not some.” If
this statement is part of the text, what is its
theme?

A. Discrimination
B. Poverty
C. Religiosity
MULTIPLE CHOICE
10. Which of the following statements best shows
Heroism as a theme?
A. I never thought I could do that. I ran away from the
killer!
B. To save one’s life is not a choice. It is a duty to God
and to fellowmen. I saved the boy even if I risk my
life.
C. Looking back to our life status before, we are
compared to a stray dog with no permanent refuge,
no food to eat, no any single penny and no one dares
to lend us a helping hand.
PERFORMANCE
TASK
Write your analysis and interpretation (100 POINTS)

“The Diary of the Girl”

● Directions: After reading the text, write your simple, yet

comprehensive analysis of the techniques used and
interpret the theme in the story. Your answer should be
two consecutive paragraphs. Each paragraph should
contain 7-10 sentences. The first paragraph should
discuss first your analysis on the techniques used and the
second paragraph should compose your analysis on the
theme. Be guided with the given rubrics in writing your
analysis and interpretation.
PERFORMANCE
TASK
GUIDELINES:
1. Long bond paper
2. 1 inch in all sides
3. Can be handwritten or printed (With borders)
4. Be CREATIVE!

FORMAT:
Name: Date:
Grade & Section: Teacher:

The Diary of the Girl: A Literary Analysis

DEADLINE: September 11, 2023 (MONDAY)

Thank you
for
Listening!