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    Trigonometry Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Kelah Alig
    This document defines and compares the right triangle and unit circle definitions of the trigonometric functions. It provides key facts about their domains, ranges, periods, formulas, and properties including even/odd, periodic, double angle, and cofunction formulas. Common trigonometric identities are also listed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Trigonometry Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Kelah Alig
    128 views4 pages
    This document defines and compares the right triangle and unit circle definitions of the trigonometric functions. It provides key facts about their domains, ranges, periods, formulas, and properties including even/odd, periodic, double angle, and cofunction formulas. Common trigonometric identities are also listed.

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    This document defines and compares the right triangle and unit circle definitions of the trigonometric functions. It provides key facts about their domains, ranges, periods, formulas, and properties including even/odd, periodic, double angle, and cofunction formulas. Common trigonometric identities are also listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    128 views4 pages

    Trigonometry Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Kelah Alig
    This document defines and compares the right triangle and unit circle definitions of the trigonometric functions. It provides key facts about their domains, ranges, periods, formulas, and properties including even/odd, periodic, double angle, and cofunction formulas. Common trigonometric identities are also listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Definition of the Trig Functions

    Right triangle definition Unit Circle Definition


    For this definition we assume that For this definition θ is any angle.
    π
    0 < θ < or 0◦ < θ < 90◦ .
    2

    opposite hypotenuse
    sin(θ) = csc(θ) = y 1
    hypotenuse opposite sin(θ) = =y csc(θ) =
    adjacent hypotenuse 1 y
    cos(θ) = sec(θ) = x 1
    hypotenuse adjacent cos(θ) = = x sec(θ) =
    opposite adjacent 1 x
    tan(θ) = cot(θ) = y x
    adjacent opposite tan(θ) = cot(θ) =
    x y
    Facts and Properties
    Domain Period
    The domain is all the values of θ that can be The period of a function is the number, T , such
    plugged into the function. that f (θ + T ) = f (θ). So, if ω is a fixed number
    sin(θ), θ can be any angle and θ is any angle we have the following
    periods.
    cos(θ), θ can be any angle 2π
      sin (ω θ) → T =
    1 ω
    tan(θ), θ 6= n + π, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
    2 2π
    cos (ω θ) → T =
    ω
    csc(θ), θ 6= nπ, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . π
      tan (ω θ) → T =
    1 ω
    sec(θ), θ 6= n + π, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
    2 2π
    csc (ω θ) → T =
    ω
    cot(θ), θ 6= nπ, n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .
    2π
    sec (ω θ) → T =
    ω
    π
    cot (ω θ) → T =
    ω
    Range
    The range is all possible values to get out of the function.
    −1 ≤ sin(θ) ≤ 1 −1 ≤ cos(θ) ≤ 1
    −∞ < tan(θ) < ∞ −∞ < cot(θ) < ∞
    sec(θ) ≥ 1 and sec(θ) ≤ −1 csc(θ) ≥ 1 and csc(θ) ≤ −1
    Formulas and Identities
    Tangent and Cotangent Identities Half Angle Formulas
    sin(θ) cos(θ)  
    θ
    r
    1 − cos(θ)
    tan(θ) = cot(θ) = sin =±
    cos(θ) sin(θ) 2 2
    Reciprocal Identities   r
    θ 1 + cos(θ)
    1 1 cos =±
    csc(θ) = sin(θ) = 2 2
    sin(θ) csc(θ) s
     
    1 1 θ 1 − cos(θ)
    sec(θ) = cos(θ) = tan =±
    cos(θ) sec(θ) 2 1 + cos(θ)
    1 1
    cot(θ) = tan(θ) = Half Angle Formulas (alternate form)
    tan(θ) cot(θ)
    Pythagorean Identities sin2 (θ) = 1
    2 (1 − cos(2θ)) 1 − cos(2θ)
    tan2 (θ) =
    cos2 (θ) = 12 (1 + cos(2θ)) 1 + cos(2θ)
    sin2 (θ) + cos2 (θ) = 1
    tan2 (θ) + 1 = sec2 (θ) Sum and Difference Formulas
    2
    1 + cot (θ) = csc2 (θ) sin(α ± β) = sin(α) cos(β) ± cos(α) sin(β)

    Even/Odd Formulas cos(α ± β) = cos(α) cos(β) ∓ sin(α) sin(β)


    sin(−θ) = − sin(θ) csc(−θ) = − csc(θ) tan(α) ± tan(β)
    tan(α ± β) =
    cos(−θ) = cos(θ) sec(−θ) = sec(θ) 1 ∓ tan(α) tan(β)

    tan(−θ) = − tan(θ) cot(−θ) = − cot(θ) Product to Sum Formulas


    1
    Periodic Formulas sin(α) sin(β) = 2 [cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)]
    1
    If n is an integer then, cos(α) cos(β) = 2 [cos(α − β) + cos(α + β)]
    1
    sin(θ + 2πn) = sin(θ) csc(θ + 2πn) = csc(θ) sin(α) cos(β) = 2 [sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)]
    1
    cos(θ + 2πn) = cos(θ) sec(θ + 2πn) = sec(θ) cos(α) sin(β) = 2 [sin(α + β) − sin(α − β)]

    tan(θ + πn) = tan(θ) cot(θ + πn) = cot(θ) Sum to Product Formulas


       
    α+β α−β
    Degrees to Radians Formulas sin(α) + sin(β) = 2 sin cos
    2 2
    If x is an angle in degrees and t is an angle in 
    α+β
     
    α−β
    
    radians then sin(α) − sin(β) = 2 cos sin
    2 2
    π t πx 180t
    = ⇒ t= and x=
       
    180 x 180 π α+β α−β
    cos(α) + cos(β) = 2 cos cos
    2 2
    Double Angle Formulas 
    α+β
     
    α−β
    
    cos(α)−cos(β) = −2 sin sin
    sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ) 2 2
    cos(2θ) = cos2 (θ) − sin2 (θ) Cofunction Formulas
    π  π 
    2
    = 2 cos (θ) − 1 sin − θ = cos(θ) cos − θ = sin(θ)
    2π  π 2 
    = 1 − 2 sin2 (θ) csc − θ = sec(θ) sec − θ = csc(θ)
    2 tan(θ)  π2   π2 
    tan(2θ) = tan − θ = cot(θ) cot − θ = tan(θ)
    1 − tan2 (θ) 2 2
    For any ordered pair on the unit circle (x, y) : cos(θ) = x and sin(θ) = y

    Example

        √
    5π 1 5π 3
    cos = sin =−
    3 2 3 2
    Inverse Trig Functions
    Definition Inverse Properties
    −1 cos cos−1 (x) = x cos−1 (cos(θ)) = θ
    
    y = sin (x) is equivalent to x = sin(y)
    sin sin−1 (x) = x sin−1 (sin(θ)) = θ
    
    y = cos−1 (x) is equivalent to x = cos(y)
    tan tan−1 (x) = x tan−1 (tan(θ)) = θ
    
    y = tan−1 (x) is equivalent to x = tan(y)

    Domain and Range Alternate Notation


    Function Domain Range sin−1 (x) = arcsin(x)
    π π
    y = sin−1 (x) −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 − ≤y≤ cos−1 (x) = arccos(x)
    2 2
    y = cos−1 (x) −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 0≤y≤π tan−1 (x) = arctan(x)
    π π
    y = tan−1 (x) −∞ < x < ∞ − <y<
    2 2

    Law of Sines, Cosines and Tangents

    Law of Sines Law of Tangents


    sin(α) sin(β) sin(γ) tan 1
    − β)
    
    = = a−b 2 (α
    a b c = 1
    
    a+b tan 2 (α + β)
    Law of Cosines 1
    
    b−c tan 2 (β − γ)
    a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos(α) = 1
    
    b+c tan 2 (β + γ)
    b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos(β) 1
    
    a−c tan 2 (α − γ)
    c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos(γ) = 1
    a+c tan 2 (α + γ)

    Mollweide’s Formula
    cos 12 (α − β)
    
    a+b
    =
    sin 12 γ
    
    c

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