Creative Nonfiction

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 Creative Nonfiction

Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 4
The elements of drama vs. The elements of other
forms
 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Kimberly Jean C. Sangco

Editor: Maria Criselda M. Reyes
Reviewers: Maria Criselda M. Reyes and Rowena D. Roxas
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javena, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD
(MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Creative Non Fiction Self-Learning Module Elements of

Drama vs. Elements of Other Forms !
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Creative Non-Fiction Self-Learning Module on Elements of

Poetry vs. Elements of Fiction!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in. All the activities provided in
this lesson will help you learn and understand: Elements of Drama and Elements
Other Forms.

PRETEST

Put the sentence using its number to its appropriate category.

1. It is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance.
2. It contains conflict of characters, particularly the ones who perform in front
of audience on the stage.
3. It is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form,
and which is typically published as a book.
4. This type of literary genre includes mysteries, thrillers, suspense, detective,
science fiction, romantic, historical, realist or even postmodern.
5. The person who writes this literary genre is called “playwright.”

DRAMA NOVEL

RECAP
We have learned that drama is a story enacted on stage for a live audience.
The origin of the word means “to do”. There are also different kinds of drama such
as tragedy and comedy. On the other hand, a novel is a long narrative work
of fiction with some realism. It is often in prose form and is published as a single
book. The word ‘novel’ has been derived from the Italian word ‘novella’ which means
“new”.
 Today, let us talk about the elements used in drama and other forms of genre.

LESSON

I. Drama comes from the Greek Word, “Dran” which means “To do” or “To
Act”. It has one characteristic peculiar to itself—it is written primarily to
be performed, not to be read. The elements of drama are categorized into
three major parts:

A. Literary Elements
B. Technical Elements
C. Performance Elements

A. Literary Elements

1) Plot- It refers to the action; basic storyline of the play.

2) Theme- It refers to the meaning of the play. Theme is the main idea or
lesson to be learned from the play.
Example: conflict between two individuals, conflict between man and a supernatural
power, conflict between man and himself
3) Characters- The people (sometimes animals or ideas) portrayed by the
actors in the play. It is the characters who move the action or plot.
Example:

Protagonist- main character

Antagonist- a character who is in opposition of the main character
4) Dialogue – this refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken
by the characters in the play. The dialogue helps move the action of the play along.

Forms of dialogue:
Soliloquy- a character that is typically alone on stage, delivers a long speech.
Emotions and innermost thoughts of the character are revealed in a soliloquy.
Aside- This is spoken by a character to another character or to the audience but is
not heard by the other characters on stage. Asides reveal what a character is thinking
or feeling.
B. Technical Elements

1) Scenery (set) – The theatrical equipment, such as curtains, flats,

backdrops, or platforms, used in a dramatic production to communicate
environment.
 2) Costumes – Clothing and accessories are worn by actors to portray
character and period.
3) Properties – Any article, except costume or scenery, used as part of a
dramatic production; any moveable object that appears on stage during a
performance, from a telephone to a train.
4) Lights – Every placement means that every placement, intensity, and color
of lights have to be set as needed to help communicate environment, mood, or feeling.
5) Sound- The effects an audience hears during performance to communicate
character, context, or environment.
6) Makeup- It includes costumes, wigs, and body paint used to transform an
actor into a character.

C. Performance Elements

1) Acting- The use of face, body, and voice to portray character

2) Character Motivation- The reason or reasons for a character’s behavior;
an incentive or inducement for further action for a character in drama.
3) Character Analysis- In responding to dramatic art, the process of
examining how the elements of drama-literary, technical, and performance- are used.
4) Empathy- The capacity to relate to the feelings of another.

Guided Practice No.1

Identify the element of drama being described in each statement.

1. This includes clothing and accessories worn by actors to portray character

and period.
2. This refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the
characters in the play. It helps move the action of the play along.
3. This form of dialogue is typically alone on stage. The character delivers a
long speech which expresses his innermost feelings and thoughts.
The answers are the following
1. Costumes
2. Dialogue
3. Soliloquy

Now, let’s talk about the elements used in other forms such as novel.
I. Elements of Other forms (Novel)

A. Setting: The background in which the story takes place. It talks about the
place, time, climate/weather and lifestyle.

B. Atmosphere: The mood or feeling of the story, the emotional quality that
the story gives to the reader. This is usually evoked by the setting and, like
the setting, may change throughout the novel. You may say that a novel
 opens with a mysterious atmosphere, a gloomy atmosphere, a light,
carefree atmosphere, etc.

C. Characters: the people, animal, robots, etc., who take part in the action of
the story
Examples of fictional characters: Harry Potter, Hamlet, Oliver Twist, Cinderella.
The main character of your story is called the protagonist.

Conflict: the struggle between opposing forces in the story. Conflict provides
interest and suspense. There are various types of conflict, which can usually be
categorized as one of the following:
(a) a character struggling against nature
(b) a struggle between two or more characters
(c) a struggle between the main character and some aspect of society
(d) a struggle of opposing forces within one character
The reader usually follows the actions of one main character throughout the
novel; this character is referred to as the protagonist. The force with which the
protagonist is in conflict is called the antagonist. In the case of the fourth type of
conflict listed, the antagonist would be another internal force within the protagonist,
e.g., self-doubt.

D. Plot: The storyline; the ordered arrangement of incidents in a story. Plot

arises out of the conflict in the story, which builds to a climax.

For a work of fiction to be worth reading, something has to happen by the end.
You have to take the reader to from Point A to Point B. This journey might be:
• a change in the character (for example, the character matures or overcomes a
challenge).
• a change in the situation (for example, zombies take over the town).
• a change in the readers' understanding (for example, in the beginning, readers
think the protagonist was falsely accused of murder, and at the end, readers
understand that he is guilty).

Your novel's plot is the roadmap you will take from Point A to Point B.
E. Point of View

Narrative point of view is the perspective from which you tell a work of fiction.
From what angle do the readers see the action? Are they at the police station?
Looking over the murderer's shoulder? Inside the murderer's brain?

Another way to think of point of view: If your novel were a movie, the point of view
would be the location of the camera.

Your narrator is the voice that's telling the story.

 • A first-person narrator tells the story using the words "I" and "me," as if he/she
were actually there.

• A third-person narrator tells the story from the outside and doesn't use the word
"I" and "me" to describe the story's events because he or she isn't a participant.
Instead, this type of narrator describes the characters as "he/him" or "she/her,"
etc.

F. Dialogue

Dialogue is your characters' conversation presented directly on the page. If I

tell you that Marcia asked John out, that's not dialogue. Dialogue is when I show it
to you in Marcia's exact words. Example: "Want to go to a movie?" Marcia asked
John.
G. Theme

It is the central idea in the story or novel. It can usually be expressed in a

short statement about human nature, life, or the universe.
The following is a summary of these major elements:
• Setting is the "where" and 'when" of the story or novel.
• Characters are the "who."
• Conflict is the "what." (What is the problem?)
• Plot is the "how." (How is the conflict developed and resolved?)
• Theme is the "why." (The author's message and one of the reasons why the author
wrote the story or novel.)

Guided Practice No. 2

Directions: Identify the elements of novel being described.

1. “I am no bird, and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an
independent evil”. (Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre)
Dialogue is the correct answer because the sentence shows the exact words
said by the character.

2. This element of novel talks about the protagonist who plays the main role of
the story and antagonist as the person who is in conflict of the protagonist.
Character is the answer because it includes the protagonist and antagonist.

3. The house was low, was once white with a deep front porch and green
shutters, but had long ago darkened to the color of the slate grey yard around it.
Setting is the answer because it is describing a place where the story takes
place.
 ACTIVITIES

Directions: Fill each blank with the correct answer. Write T if the underlined word
is true, write the correct answer if the underlined word is false.
_____1. Empathy is the capacity to relate to the feeling of others.
____2. Make-up includes wigs and body paint used to transform an actor into a
character.

____3. Loves on display in the novel Wuthering Heights include Heathcliff and
Catherine's all-consuming passion for each other, which while noble in its purity is
also terribly destructive. It shows the plot of the story.
____4. Setting is the mood or feeling of the story, the emotional quality that the story
gives to the reader.

____5. Acting is the use of face, body, and voice to portray character

WRAP-UP

To wrap everything up that we discussed in this lesson, do the Important

Things activity:
The three important things I learned for today’s lesson are…
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________

VALUING

As part of the community, we appreciate and support our actors and writers
by watching a local Filipino play, reading and familiarizing ourselves of books
published by them, and encouraging those people who have potential to do the same.
By doing so, we can be aware of our Filipino culture.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the blank
provided.
_____1. Plot, theme, characters, and dialogue are_____ elements of drama.
a. Literary b. technical c. performance d. novel
_____2. Acting, character motivation, character analysis, and empathy are elements
of drama.
a. Literary b. technical c. performance d. novel
_____3. It is the struggle between opposing forces in the story. It provides the interest
and suspense of the story.
a. Plot b. conflict c. protagonist d. point of view
_____4. It is an example of technical elements in drama which includes a telephone,
train, chair and etc.
a. Properties b. makeup c. costumes d. lights
_____5. The background in which the story takes place. It talks about the place, time,
climate/weather and lifestyle.
a. Atmosphere b. plot c. setting d. theme
 KEY TO CORRECTION

10. Character
9. True
8. True
7.Scenery
6. Sound
5. c 5. True 5. drama
4. a 4. Atmosphere 4. novel
3. b 3. Theme 3. novel
2. c 2. True 2. drama
1. a 1. True 1. drama
Posttest Activity Pretest

References

Elements of drama.Copyright Laws and Citing Sources from

https://www.slideshare.net/mardiatunnisa1/elements-of-drama-
67213746#:~:text=Conclusion%20In%20drama%2C%20there%20are,lights%2C%2
0sound%2C%20and%20makeup.

Essential Elements in a Novel. Copyright Laws and Citing Sources from

https://www.creative-writing-now.com/elements-of-a-novel.html

Main Elements in a Novel.Copyright Laws and Citing Sources from

https://www.tutor.com/cmspublicfiles/Providers/MainElementsNovel.pdf

The Elements of Drama. Copyright Laws and Citing Sources from

https://windmill.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Elements-of-Drama.pdf

The Elements of Drama, Theate Arts. Copyright Laws and Citing Sources from
https://www.rcboe.org/cms/lib/GA01903614/Centricity/Domain/5069/the%20el
ements%20of%20drama.pdf