GNED 08-Lesson 1-The Philosophical View of Self

Before we even had to be in
any formal institution of

learning, among the many
things that we were first
taught as kids is to
articulate and write our
names.
Growing up, we
were told to refer back to
this name when talking
about ourselves.
Our names represent who we
are. Human beings attach
names that are meaningful to
birthed progenies because
names used to designate us in
the
world
Our names signify us. Death
cannot even stop this bond
between the person and his
name.
Greeks – question myths
and moved away from
them in attempting to
understand reality and
respond to perennial
questions of curiosity,
including the question of
the self.
Pre-socratics – greek thinkers
before socrates
Thales – water is the arche

Pythagoras - mathematics
Parmenides - metaphysics
Concerned with explaining Heraclitus - cosmology
what the world is really
made up of, what the world
Empedocles – four elements
is so, and what explains the Others
changes that they observed
around them.
Unlike the Pre-
He was the first Socratics, he was
philosopher who ever more concerned
engage in a with the problem
systematic of the self.
questioning about the
self
“KNOW
THYSELF”
Every human
person is dualistic,
that is, he is
composed of two
important
aspects of his
personhood.
Every man is
composed of body
and soul.
Student
of
Socrates.
Supported his
master’s idea
that man is a
dual nature of
body and soul.
RATIONAL
In addition, he
added that there
are three SPIRITED
components of the
soul.
APPETITIVE
It is forged by
reason, and
intellect has
to govern the
RATIONAL
affairs of the
SOUL human
person.
It is in
charge of
SPIRITED
emotions
SOUL
It is
in charge of
base desires
like eating,
drinking,
sleeping and
APPETITIVE having sex is
SOUL controlled as
well.
In his
magnum opus,
“The Republic”
he emphasized
that justice in the
human person can
only be attained if
the 3 parts of the
magnum opus soul are working
the most important harmoniously
piece of work done with one
by a writer another.
or artist
Following the ancient
view of Plato, and
infusing it with
Christianity, he agreed
that man is of a
bi•fur•cate bifurcated in
describes
anything that is nature
divided into
two parts.
The body is bound to
die on earth and the soul The goal of every human is
to attain this communion
is to anticipate living
and bliss with the Divine by
eternally in a realm of living his life on
spiritual bliss earth in virtue
with God.
Adapting some ideas
from Aristotle, he said
that indeed, man is
composed of two
parts: matter and The most eminent
form. 13th century scholar
of the medieval
philosophy.
MATTER/
HYLE
2 PARTS
OF
MAN
FORM/
MORPHE
Refers to the
“common stuff
that make up
everything in the
universe”.
Man’s body is
MATTER/ part of the
HYLE matter
Refers
to the
“essence of a
substance or a
thing.” It is
FORM/
the soul that
MORPHE animates the
body.
Father of Modern
Philosophy
He conceived of
the human person
having a body and “mind and
mind. body
dualism”
He thought
The that the only
Meditations thing that one
of First
Philosophy cannot doubt
is the
“cogito ergo
existence of
sum”
the self…
“I think therefore
I am.”
COGITO
For Descartes,
the self is also a
combination of
two distinct
entities. EXTENZA
The
thing that
thinks,
which is
COGITO the
mind.
The
extension
of the
mind,
which is
the
EXTENZA
body.
In Descartes’ view, the
body is nothing else but
a machine that is
attached to the mind.
An empiricist who
believes that one
can only know what
comes from the
The self is not an senses and
entity over and experiences.
beyond the physical
body.
Empiricism
The school of thought that
espouses the idea that
knowledge can only be
possible if it is sensed or
experienced.
Men can only attain
knowledge by
experiencing.
IMPRESSIONS
To Hume, the self

is nothing else but
a bundle of
impressions that
can be categorized
into two. IDEAS
The basic object of our
experience or sensation.
They therefore form the
core of our thoughts.
When one
touches an ice
IMPRESSIONS cube, the cold
sensation is an
expression.
When one
imagines the
feeling of being in
love for the first
time, that still is an
idea.
IDEAS These are copies of

impressions.
They are not as lively or
vivid as our
impressions.
To Kant, there is Time and space, for
necessarily a mind that example, are ideas that
one cannot find in the
organizes the world, but is built in our
impressions that men mind.
get from the
external world
“apparatuses
of the mind”
Without the self, one
Along cannot organize the
with the different impressions
that one gets in relation
different to his existence.
apparatuses
of the mind
goes the It is also the seat
of knowledge
“self” acquisition for
all human
persons.
He solved the
mind-body
dichotomy that has
For Ryle, what truly been running for a
matters is the long time in the
behavior that a history of thought
person manifests in
his day-to-day life.
You roam around the
For Ryle, looking for campus, visit the library
and trying to and football field, meet
understand as elf is like the administrator and
visiting a friend’s faculty staff but still can’t
university and looking find the “university”.
for the “university”.
Because the
campus, the people,
the system all form
the “university”.
Ryle suggests that
the “self” is not an
entity one can
locate and analyze
but simply the
convenient name
that people use to
refer to all the
behaviors that
people make.
He asserted that
mind and body
bifurcation is a
Says that mind and futile endeavor and
body are so an invalid problem.
intertwined that they
cannot be separated
from one another.
One cannot find
any experience that
is not an
embodied
experience.
One’s body is his

opening toward his
existence to the
world.

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Before we even had to be in

any formal institution of

Thales – water is the arche

To Hume, the self

IDEAS These are copies of

One’s body is his

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