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Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. There are three main types of biodiversity. Ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity include rainforests, coral reefs, and old growth forests. Endangered species are at risk of extinction due to population decline or habitat loss. Six endangered species in the Philippines are described. Ways to help save endangered species include not purchasing products made from their parts and preserving habitats. The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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18 views

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. There are three main types of biodiversity. Ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity include rainforests, coral reefs, and old growth forests. Endangered species are at risk of extinction due to population decline or habitat loss. Six endangered species in the Philippines are described. Ways to help save endangered species include not purchasing products made from their parts and preserving habitats. The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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Ghoulispog
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BIODIVERSITY - comes from

two words;BIO meaning life and


diversity meaning variety.
- is the variety of all living
things;the different
plants,animals, and microorgan-
isms,the genetic information they
contain and the ecosystem they
form.
3 TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
1.GENETIC DIVERSITY
2.SPECIES DIVERSITY

3. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
Examples of Ecosystem that
are Rich in Diversity
- Large Marine Ecosystem
- Marine Ecosystems
- Old Growth Forests
- Rainforests - Forests
- Deserts - Tundra
- Coral Reefs
Endangered Species - any
species that is at risk of extinc-
tion because of sudden rapid de-
crease in its population or loss
of its critical habitat.
1. Butanding - “Rhincodon ty-
pus” it is also called a whale
shark. It is the largest fish in the
world and it is found in the seas
of Donsol Sorsogon.

2. Bia - “Pandaca pygmea“ this


fish is commonly called the
dwarf goby because it is consid-
ered as the smallest fish in the
world.
3. Agila - “ Pithecophaga jef-
feryi” - the country’s largest ea-
gle.It is usually found in Minda-
nao.

4. Dugong- “ Dugong dugon”


The sea mammal is also known
as the sea cow . It is hervivore
that feeds on
sea grasses.
It is found in
Palawan.
5. Tamaraw - “Bubalus
mindorensis“ this animal looks
like carabao except
that it has V-shaped
horns.It is found in
Mindoro.
6. Pawikan - “Cheloniidae”
this sea tutle be found in
the sea of Cebu.Its
shell is usually made
by poachers into
items like hair clips
and house décor.
WAYS ON HOW TO HELP
SAVE OUR ENDANGERED
SPECIES
1. Do not patronize products
made from the body parts of
these animals
2. Report to proper authori-
ties illegal trade of these ani-
mals.
3. Preserve the places where
animals live.
4. Keep clean the places
where these animals are
found. Do not pollute them.
5. Support groups that advo-
cate animal preservation.
6. Keep yourself informed on
how you can help save these
endangered animals.
7. Educate your family about
endangered species in your
area.
FIVE KINGDOMS
RULES THAT GOVERNS THE
WORDWIDE CLASSIFICATION
& NAMING OF SPECIES
1.International Bacteriological
Code of Numenclature
2.International Rules for Bo-
tanical Numenclature
3.International Rules for Zoo-
logical Numenclature
Phylogeny - refers to the evolu-
tionary history of an organism.
Levels of Classification
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Primata
FAMILY Hominidae
GENUS Homo
SPECIES sapiens
Monerans- are the oldest,the
simplest,and the most abun-
dant organisms on
Earth.Because they are the only
organisms that lack a mem-
brane-bound nucleus
(prokaryotic),they are named
monera ,which means
“alone”.Monerans lack most of
the organelles that other cells
have. They exist as single cells
and are very small.Their sizes
ranges from 1 to 10 microns.
2 Groups
1.Bacteria 2. Cyanobacteria
Bacteria (sing. bacterium)n-
usually call germs.
3 Types
A.Cocci-round shaped bacteria
B. Bacilli- rod-shaped bacteria
C. Spirilla- coiled or spiral-
shaped bacteria
HOW BACTERIA AFFECTS LIVES ?
PLANT LIKE PROTISTA: ALGAE
1.Phylum Chlorophyta : Green Algae

2. Phylum Rhodophyta: Red Algae


3. Phylum Phaeophyta: Brown Algae

4. Phylum 5. Phylum
Chrysophyta: Pyrrophyta:
Golden Algae “Fire” Algae
ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS :
Protozoans
Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates – Ex. paramecium –
lives in fresh water and it is shaped like a slipper and
has a distinct front and back ends.It has two nuclei
called micronucleus and macronucleus that direct
the cell’s activities.Reproduce asexually.
Phylum Mastigophora: Flagellates – Ex. Flagel-
late Tryconympha –lives in the gut of ter-
mites.Another ex. is the Euglena-it has features of
plantlike protists. It has chloroplasts like algae
and flagella like protozoans. Reproduces
asexually.
Flagella – used for locomotion
Phylum Sarcodina – move by means of the tiny
fingerlike projrctions of their cytoplasm and cell
membrane called pseudopodia ( used for creeping as
well as for engulfing food.Ex. Amoeba –
Phylum Sporozoa – are nonmotile and parasitic.
Ex. Plasmodium- a parasite that cause malaria.
KINGDOM MYCETAE OR
FUNGI
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
4 Classes of Fungi
1. Division Ascomycota: Sac Fungi
The spores of sac fungi are produced in small cup-shaped sacs
called asci,thus the term Ascomycota.When fungi mature, the
spores called ascopores are released as the tip of an ascus
breaks open. Examples: yeast , morels,truffles,cup fun-
gi,powdery mildews.
2. Division Basidiomycota: Club Fungi
Includes the mushroom,puffballs,bracker,or self fungi , toad-
stools,rusts,and smuts.They bear spores in a club-shaped
spore case called basidium.
3. Division Zygomycota: Zygote –forming Fungi
Are usually seen on bread,cheese,and other decaying
foods.Their name implies the presence of sexual spores called
zygospores.They produce spores in a round shaped spore case
called sporangium.
Ex. Rhizopus nigricans
4. Division Deuteromycota: Imperfect Fungi
- they are lack of sexual reproduction. Most of the fungi that
cause diseases in humans,like ringworm and athlete’s foot be-
long to this group. Among the economically important imperfect
fungi are Penicillium and Aspergillus.
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Botany-the study of plants.
Characteristics of plants
They are eukaryotic 5. They contain chlorophyll
Most are autotrophic 6. They reproduce sexually and asexually
They are found in nearly every environment on Earth
They are range in size from mosses and ferns that are barely seen by the
naked eye to the giant Sequioa trees towering up to a hundred meter.
Some plants exhibit alteration of generations in their life cycle.

2 Classes of Plants
1.Nonvascular Plants- are plants that lack conducting tissues
Bryophytes – are small plants that thrive in dump places. They maybe found near
water bodies, such as ponds,rivers,lakes,streams,and oceans.They do not have
true roots,stems, and leaves.
Examples; mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
2. Vascular Plants- have conducting tissues , such as the xylem and phloem
3 Major Groups
A.Seedless vascular plants ( ferns and fern allies)
B.Vascular plants with naked seeds (gymnosperms)
C. Vascular plants with protected seeds (angiosperms)
2 Classes
c.1. Monocot- with one seed leaf
Examples: corn,rice,oats,wheat and etc.
c.2. Dicot- with two seed leaves
Examples: mango , orange,apple and etc.
VASCULAR NONVASCULAR

IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
Provide Oxygen
Provide food
Provide shelter and habitat for wildlife
Provide shade
Supply us with medicines
Renew the air
Slow down the wind
Furnish building materials and fuel
Roots stabilize soil and stop soil loss and flooding
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Zoology – the study of animals

Characteristics of Animals
They are heterotrophic All are multicellular
They are eukaryotic Many are motile
Most exhit sexual reproduction
2 Classes of Animals
Vertiebrates- are animals with backbone
Invertibrates – are animals without backbone

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