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    Civil War

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    The document summarizes some of the key advantages and strategies of the North and South at the outset of the American Civil War. The North had a larger population and greater industrial capacity. However, the South had strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. The Northern strategy was to enact a naval blockade and cut off supplies to the South over time. The Southern strategy was to fight defensively to preserve their independence and livelihood. The war ended up being longer and bloodier than either side anticipated as tactics lagged behind advances in weaponry.

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    Civil War

    Uploaded by

    api-699328591
    426 views21 pages
    The document summarizes some of the key advantages and strategies of the North and South at the outset of the American Civil War. The North had a larger population and greater industrial capacity. However, the South had strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. The Northern strategy was to enact a naval blockade and cut off supplies to the South over time. The Southern strategy was to fight defensively to preserve their independence and livelihood. The war ended up being longer and bloodier than either side anticipated as tactics lagged behind advances in weaponry.

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    The document summarizes some of the key advantages and strategies of the North and South at the outset of the American Civil War. The North had a larger population and greater industrial capacity. However, the South had strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. The Northern strategy was to enact a naval blockade and cut off supplies to the South over time. The Southern strategy was to fight defensively to preserve their independence and livelihood. The war ended up being longer and bloodier than either side anticipated as tactics lagged behind advances in weaponry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    426 views21 pages

    Civil War

    Uploaded by

    api-699328591
    The document summarizes some of the key advantages and strategies of the North and South at the outset of the American Civil War. The North had a larger population and greater industrial capacity. However, the South had strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis. The Northern strategy was to enact a naval blockade and cut off supplies to the South over time. The Southern strategy was to fight defensively to preserve their independence and livelihood. The war ended up being longer and bloodier than either side anticipated as tactics lagged behind advances in weaponry.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 21

    North South

    + Population (22 mil) - Population (9 mil)

    + 3x as many men of fighting - 4 mil of the 9 were slaves


    age

    + Huge advantage in industry - Little industry (total of all


    manufactured goods was ¼ of
    what NY made

    + ⅔ of RR in the North - RR not interchangeable

    + Better civilian leadership + Better military leaders


    (Lee/Davis)
    +/- of the War

    ➔ North had clear cut advantage (on paper).


    ➔ Both sides felt the war would be over in 6 months or less.
    Southern Strategy:
    ➔ Main goal was to exist as an independent nation, defend
    “livelihood”
    ➔ Lee will fight offensively for most of the war. Employed
    Napoleon-like tactics.
    ◆ His aggressiveness and tactics were part of the reason
    war lasted as long as it did
    +/- of the War

    Northern Strategy
    ➔ Main goal was to reunite country
    ◆ Beat south back into union if need be
    ➔ Gen. Winfield Scott suggested starve the south to
    death
    +/- of the War

    ➔ Anaconda Plan
    ◆ = naval blockade and cut of all supplies
    ➔ Blockade was part of 3 prong plan:
    ◆ 1. blockade
    ◆ 2. River valleys
    ◆ 3. Richmond
    ➔ Problems: too much territory to cover, too slow
    ➔ By 1863, Lincoln will order generals to switch
    to attrition (search and destroy, use
    manpower)
    ◆ MX-AM War taught generals that offensive
    tactics won more times than not
    ➔ This war was not a “gentleman’s war”
    ➔ Weapons were much
    more advanced than
    tactics (high casualty
    counts)
    ◆ Rifled musket, rifled
    cannons with better
    types of cannonballs,
    repeating rifles
    1861

    ➔ July 1st battle of Bull Run (Manassas)


    ◆ Spectators came out to watch (short war, no clue)
    ➔ Union troops had pushed into south in the hopes of
    getting to Richmond
    ➔ Confederate Gen. Thomas Jackson (“Stonewall”) turns
    tide of battle
    ◆ Northern troops and observers fled
    ➔ October, Trent Affair
    ◆ British ship carrying confederate diplomats was
    captured by northern ship.
    ◆ British govt was upset
    ◆ Southern govt tries to convince British govt into
    forming an alliance with them
    ◆ Lincoln does everything he can to smooth out
    situation
    ◆ British decided they needed proof of southern
    chances to win
    ● (didn’t want to lose yet another war in America)
    ◆ They want the south to win a major and decisive
    victory…..
    1862

    ➔ No one thinks war will be short anymore


    ➔ Battle of Shiloh (TN), 25,000 dead
    ➔ Naval blockade intact, but not 100% effective
    ➔ Confederacy passes an act of conscription
    ➔ 2nd battle of Bull Run - Lee wins
    ➔ Battle of Antietam (MD), bloodiest day of war, 22,000
    dead in one day
    1863
    ➔ January, Emancipation
    Proclamation = “freed”
    slaves
    ◆ On paper only
    ➔ Served 2 other
    purposes:
    ◆ 1) global cause
    ◆ 2) Gave northern troops
    more to fight for
    ➔ Conscription now in both south and north
    ➔ Northern industry booming, south starting to
    experience food shortages
    ➔ Gettysburg
    ◆ July 1-3
    ◆ PA
    ◆ Lee made a northern
    advance
    ◆ Decisive Union victory
    ● Turning pt of war
    ◆ 50,000 dead in 3 days
    1863

    ➔ Lincoln gave Gettysburg


    Address in Nov
    ➔ Lincoln put Grant in
    charge of all Union forces
    ◆ Only a matter of time
    before Union will win
    1864

    ➔ ’64 was an election year, Lincoln reelected


    ➔ Gen. Sherman began March to sea
    ◆ Started at Miss. R, went toward Atlantic Ocean
    with over 60,000 men
    ◆ Made a 5 mi wide path of destruction
    ◆ Reached Atlanta = burned it to ground
    1865

    ➔ Feb of ’65 reached Savannah


    ◆ then turned north to Columbia, SC...burned it
    ➔ Misc fighting going on
    ➔ Richmond fell on Apr 2
    1865

    ➔ April 9 - Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, VA


    ➔ 5 days later, John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln
    at Ford’s theater
    ➔ over 600,000 casualties

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