Investegatory Project Physics Tesla Coil

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2023/24

WIRELESS
ENERGY
TRANSFER
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

DON BOSCO ACADMEY


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DECLARATION
I hereby declare
that the project entitled “ WIRELESS
ENERGY TRANSFER” is an authentic record
of work carried out by my investigation
under the guidance of my physics teacher ,
Mrs. Mehanaz mam, at Noble Public
School, during my Xll course.

PLACE: MANJERI, KERALA


DATE:
3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first, I would like to take the opportunity to
express my gratitude to almighty god, for keeping me
in good health through the project.

I gratefully acknowledge my sincere thanks to our


respected principal MRS.AMEENA MAM for her
valuable cooperation and encouragement in
getting this work completed.

We utilize this opportunity to express our heartfelt


thanks to our physics teacher MRS. MEHANAZ MAM
for her valuable guidance and cooperation which
enabled us to complete our project. Also we thank all
those who helped us to complete our project.

PLACE: Name and Signature of student:


DATE
4

INDEX
 INTRODUCTION…...........................6
 PURPOSE OF STUDY….....................7
 DEFINITION OF TERMS….................8
 EXPERIMENT…...............................10
 THEORY...........................................11
 PROCEDURE
 FOR WIRELESS CIRCUIT....14
 FOR WIRED CIRCUIT…........16
 COMPARISON..................................17
 RESULT.............................................18
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
 WIRED CIRCUIT....................20
 WIRELESS CIRCUIT…........21
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 CONCLUSION…..............................22
 BIBLIOGRAPHY…............................23
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INTRODUCTION

These days wireless technology had been a trend to


most people. Past years all the things which had
electricity passed through was only through wire. Now
wireless technology had made it easy for people to
transmit energy.

According to the researchers, Nicola Tesla invented


an electrical resonant transformer circuit and named
it tesla coil. Since Tesla’s original experiments,
researchers have gone to great lengths to find safer
and more efficient methods of wireless power
transfer.

This study was conducted to explore the efficiency of


transmitting electricity to lighting wirelessly through the
use of a solid state Tesla coil and how it compares
to a convectional system.
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PURPOSE OF
STUDY
This study mainly covered the advantages and
disadvantages of wired and wireless circuit in lighting a
bulb. The only comparison that were covered are the
brightness, price, availability, time, effects, of each
circuit.

This study cover the transmission of electricity on other


electrical devices other than to light a bulb.
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DEFINITION OF
TERMS
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
They are formed when an electric field couples with a
magnetic field.

BATTERY
They are the devices consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy.

VOLTAGE
It is an electrical current that is measured in volts.it
is used by researchers to study the measurements of
batteries and bulbs.

COIL
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It is a spark excited radio frequency resonant
transformers type of coil wire, which generates high ac
voltages on elevated capacitive terminals and produce
high frequency alternating current electricity.

This type of coil is best suited for transmitting power


for a short instance without wire. The optimized tesla
coil transmitter is a continuous wave oscillator with a
break rate equaling the operating the frequency.

Even though Tesla coils are considered as a general


material needed in wireless energy transfer, it is still
a questionable matter to normally since it is
dangerous because it is too much exposed in circuits
that may cause damages not only in the
transmission process but also in people that uses
this material.
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EXPERIMENT

AIM
To determine the efficiency of transmitting
electricity in lighting b/w wirelessly and wired circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

 1.100m of copper wire


 2 battery (9 volts)
 A breadboard
 Measuring tape
 Top load
 A pack aluminum foil
 100 ohm resistance
 10uF capacitor
 Sand paper
 80cm Alligator clip
 1n4007 Diode
 2n3904 NPN transistor

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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THEORY
Wireless power or wireless electricity transmission
of electrical charge from a power source to an
electrical load without a solid conductor.

The power source is hooked up to the primary coil. The


primary coil capacitor acts like a sponge and soaks up
the charge.th primary coil itself must be able to
withstand the massive charge and huge surges of
current, so the coil is usually made out of copper, a
good conductor of electricity.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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The massive amount of energy makes the magnetic
collapse quickly, and generates an electric current in
the secondary coil. The voltage zipping through the air
between the two coils creates sparks in the spark gap.
The energy sloshes back and forth between the coils
several hundred times per second, and bulbs up in the
secondary coil capacitor.

The resulting high frequency voltage can illuminate


florescent bulbs several feet away with no electrical wire
connection.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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This process repeats until the gap stops


conducting (quenches).once the quench occurs, an
exponential ring down will occur.

The principle behind the tesla coil is to achieve a


phenomenon called resonance. This happens when the
primary coil shoots the current into the secondary coil
at just the right time to maximize the energy
transferred into the secondary coil.

Setting up the tesla coil was an adjustable spark gap


gives the operator more control over the voltage of the
current it produces.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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PROCEDURE
FOR WIRELESS CIRCUIT

1)The copper wire was wrapped around the paper


tube properly. The wire was 100m long but only
66.44 meter was used to cover the entire tube. 470
turns of wire was taken for the entire tube to be
covered.

2)After wrapping, the both ends of the wire are


taped on the paper tube but a few extra
centimeters were left at the bottom. The
secondary coil was then formed.

3)The excess copper wire was covered with the


gauge and sand paper was used to get the both
ends of wire. The wire with gauge was twisted in
the same direction of how the secondary coils was
made.

4)The primary coil was inserted inside the circle


of twisting of primary coil.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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5)The circuit was assembled by placing the
transistors, resistors, capacitor, and diodes on the
breadboard.

6)An alligator clip was used to connect the end of the


secondary coil to the breadboard, to connect the
top end of the primary coil to the breadboard and
the bottom end to the positive row of the
breadboard, and to the voltage source (battery)
well.

7)A switch is connected to the voltage source for


easier activation.

8)A florescent bulb was placed near the secondary


coil and lightened like a normal light bulb. A
capacitance load was then placed on top of the
secondary coil and the light of the bulb was
developed into a brighter one.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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PROCEDURE
FOR WIRED CIRCUIT

1)A bulb socket was glued to the half board.


Across the bulb socket, a battery with the same
voltage used on the wireless system of
transmitting electricity was glued to the board as
well.

2)The same bulb was tested for the wired system.


The bulb could not be handled by same battery.
Instead, a small bulb with around 3 volts only
was used because it could be powered by same
battery.

3)A switch for the bulb was also glued to the board
and wires were used to connect all the objects on
the board; the switch, bulb socket and the
battery.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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PRIMARY COMPARISON BASED ON:

 Brightness
 Price
 Availability of materials
 Harmful effects upon activation
 Construction time

IDENTIFYING ADVANTAGES AND


DISADVANTAGES BASED ON:

I. The comparison aside from the primary ones


were distinguished for each kid of circuit (wired
and wireless).

II. These advantages and disadvantages were


counted for each king of circuit, to
determine which one is better to the other.

RESULT
WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER
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 PRIMARY COMPARISONS

 BRIGHTNESS OF LIGHT

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The note that was written


could still be 12.5cm of range away from the bulb.
 WIRELESS: The note could still be taken in
18cm range away from the bulb,

 PRICE

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The circuit cost not more


than Rs.200.
 WIRELESS: It’s more expensive than wired
costing up to Rs.700.

 AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS

 WIRED CIRCUIT: The materials were


bought from a nearby electronic shop.
 WIRELESS: the materials were bought from
hardware shop like ace hardware,
marketplace,

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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bookstores, or from the online stores like
amazon.

 HARMFUL EFFECTS UPON ACTIVATION

 WIRED CIRCUIT: Negative


 WIRELESS: Positive. According to the
transition fcc , it has been known for many
years that exposure to very high levels of
radiations can be harmful due to the ability of
electromagnetic energy to heat biological tissue
rapidly.

 CONSTRUCTION TIME

 WIRED CIRCUIT: 36 min.


 WIRELESS: 3 hours 12 min

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVATAGES
 WIRED CIRCUIT

ADVANTAGES

 It can be turned on and off, but only by using


the switch.
 It does not emit radiations that is harmful to
people and animal.
 It could minimize the use of the battery, thus
saving more energy.
 It is not sensitive.

DISADVANTAGES

 It cannot be functioned without the use of wire.


 It can only light a bulb of around 3v, which is
a quite small and emit low brightness.
 It cannot light the bulb without the use of the
bulb socket.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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WIRELESS CIRCUIT

ADVANTAGES

 It can function without the use of wires.


 It can activate light without the use of bulb socket.
 It can light bulbs having high no. of volts.
 It can light more than one bulb at the same time.
 Non-conductor objects in between the circuit
and the bulb does not affect the circuit.

DISADVANTAGES

 It emit radiations which could harm people


or animals.
 It shared some of the energy it receives from
the circuit to other devise nearby.
 Some of the open wires of this wireless circuit
could ground a person lightly when the skin made
a contact with it.
 This wireless circuit is sensitive. Some parts,
if moved, would make the circuit disabled.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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SUMMARY

This study was conducted to explore the efficiency


of transmitting electricity to lighting wirelessly
through the use of a solid state tesla coil and how it
compares to a convectional wired system.

A wireless system of lighting a bulb or a wireless


circuit was constructed, and so as the wired one,
they were compared according to the number of
their advantages and disadvantages after they
were tested and stated.

Based on the results, the wired circuit took more


advantage than the wireless circuit based on the
primary comparisons which was used before to
compare the two circuits; brightness, price,
material availability, the wired circuit was proven
better since it consumed less construction time,
less harmful effects and a lot cheaper.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 http://www.instructabls.com
 https://www.wikipedia.com
 https://www.livescience.com
 https://www.realclearscience.com
 Physics NCERT textbook class 12

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER

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