GLASS AS BUILDING MATERIAL

Audrey Chang
+6012-203 0933
[email protected]
 What is Glass

Sand + Soda +
Limestone +
Clarifying Agents +
Coloring +
Glistening Glass
Glass Thickness

GLASS THICKNESS GLASS THICKNESS APPLICATION

(mm) (mm)
4 4mm - 6mm Framed door and window
5 10mm - 19mm Glass Roof Top
6 (Tempered & Laminated)

8 8mm - 12mm Canopy

(Tempered & Laminated)
10
8mm – 12mm Glass wall, Glass partition
12
10mm -19mm Balustrade, Staircase
15
19
 Annealed Float Glass

Pros & Cons of Annealed Float Glass:

Pros √ Cons X
Easy to cut, drill and polish Breaks into longer jagged shards
Reusable & Recyclable Not suitable for heavy foot traffic areas
Transparent and versatile material Not a high standard performance glass
Budget friendly choice Offers no Toughness
No obvious distortion occurs upon
tempering
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Type of Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

1. Annealed Float Glass 3. Reflective Glass

2. Tinted Glass 4. Low E Glass

 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Tinted Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

• Produced by adding small amount of metal

oxides to the glass composition.

• This alters the transmission of solar

energy and modifies the colour without
changing the basic properties of the glass

• Almost always requires heat-treatment

(tempered) to reduce potential thermal
stress and breakage and tends to reradiate
the absorbed heat
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Tinted Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

Thickness
Color Type Process
Type

Green Light Green, Medium Green, Dark Green

Light Grey, Medium Grey 5mm

Grey Annealed
Dark Grey - 5mm/ 6mm/ 8mm only 6mm
Tempered
8mm
Light Blue, Dark Blue Laminated
Blue 10mm
Medium Blue - 5mm/ 6mm/ 8mm only DGU
12mm
Bronze Bronze
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Reflective Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

• Annealed or standard glass that has a

thin layer of metallic or metallic oxide
coating.

• Coating is applied to only one side of the

glass to make it mirror-like appearance.

• Allow optimal light into space, but also

reduces glare from the sun, which
eliminates the need for blinds and other
window coverings.

• When combined with solar-controlling

low-e coating, it can reflect incoming
radiant heat energy to keep your HVAC
costs low
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Reflective Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

Thickness
Color Type Process
Type

Grey Silver Clear

5mm
Green Green Solar Control Reflective Annealed
6mm
Tempered
8mm
Laminated
Blue Blue Solar Control Reflective 10mm
DGU
12mm
Bronze Bronze Solar Control Reflective
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Low E Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

• Energy Efficiency Glass/

Low Emissivity Glass

• Double glazing or triple glazing

use in modern windows in homes.

• Thin coating applied on one side

of glass to prevent heat escaping
through the windows.
 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Low E Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

Types of Low-E Glass:

 Annealed Float Glass
Tinted Glass
Low E Glass Reflective Glass
Low E Glass

Thickness
Color Type Process
Type

Clear Clear Solar Control

Grey Grey Solar Control

Annealed
Green Green Solar Control 6mm Tempered
8mm Laminated
DGU
Blue Blue Solar Control

Bronze Bronze Solar Control

Process Glass
 Type of Process Glass

1. Heat Treated Glass 4. Security, Safety & Storm Protection

• Heat strengthened glass Glass
• Tempered Safety glass • Bullet Resistant Safety Glass
• Curve Tempered Safety Glass • Blast Resistant Safety Glass
• Intrusion Resistant Safety Glass
2. Laminated Glass • Hurricane Resistant Safety Glass
• Laminated Safety Glass
5. Decorative Glass
3. Insulating Glass • Decorative Coated Safety Glass
• Insulating Energy-Saving Safety
Glass Unit (Low-E Glass)
Heat Treated Glass

What is Tempered Glass &

Heat Strengthen Glass ?
 Tempered Glass
Heat Treated Glass Heat Strengthen Glass

Tempered & Heat Strengthen Safety Glass:

Created by heating and then quickly cooling the ordinary float glass.

Normal glass or float glass is heated in the furnace to it’s softening point
0
(700 C) and then rapidly cooled in the annealing lehr to produce
tempered glass.
 Tempered Glass
Heat Treated Glass Heat Strengthen Glass

Process of Heat Treated Glass:

Tempered Safety Glass Heat Strengthened Glass

Heating Heat to softening point Heat to softening point
700°C 700°C
Cooling Process Rapid cooling Cool less rapidly

Residual Surface ≥10,000psi ≥3,500 psi

Compression ≤10,000psi
Edge Compression 9,700 psi ≥5,500 psi
≤9,700psi
 Tempered Glass
Heat Treated Glass Heat Strengthen Glass

Characteristic of Heat Treated Glass:

Tempered Safety Glass Heat Strengthened Glass

Strength 4 times stronger than 2 times stronger than
annealed glass annealed glass
Safety Classified as safety glass Classified as safety glass

Breakage Pattern Shatters into relatively Breaking pattern vary

small pieces according to surface
compression
Visual Distortion Relatively noticeable Relatively noticeable
Thermal Stress Resist to thermally Good resistant to thermal
Resistant induced stress. Resist stress
thermal Shock
 Tempered Glass
Heat Treated Glass Heat Strengthen Glass

Tempered Glass & Heat Strengthen Glass Product Application:

Curtain Walls Balustrades

Windows
 Tempered Glass
Heat Treated Glass Heat Strengthen Glass

Tempered Glass Product Application:

Shop Fronts Escalator Side Panels

Showcases

Frameless Glass Doors Greenhouses

 Curved Tempered
Heat Treated Glass Safety Glass

Curved Tempered Safety Glass:

Manufactured by heating annealed glass to its softening point, then forming the
required shape in a special mould, and finally cooled down rapidly.

• Curtain Walls

Applications:
• Curved Shower Screens
• Display Windows
• Display Showcases
• Curve Windows • Skylights
Laminated Glass ?
 Laminated Glass Laminated Safety Glass

Created by combining two or more

annealed or heat treated glass sheets
bonded with one or more Polyvinyl Butyral
(PVB) interlayers under heat and pressure.

Breakage Pattern
fragments tend to adhere to the PVB
interlayer thereby minimising the risk of
injury from falling glass and helping to resist
further impact or weather damage.
 Laminated Glass Laminated Safety Glass

Laminated Glass Type:

Glass Type Thickness Type
Annealed Float Laminated - 6.38mm
- 8.38mm
Example : - 10.38mm
Annealed Float + 0.38mm Clear PVB + Annealed Float - 12.38mm
 Laminated Glass Laminated Safety Glass

Laminated Glass Type:

Glass Type Thickness Type
Tempered and Heat Strengthen Laminated

Example : - 11.52mm
Tempered Float + 1.52mm Clear PVB + Tempered Float - 13.52mm
Heat Strengthened Float + 1.52mm Clear PVB + Heat - 17.52mm
Strengthened Float - 21.52mm

Glass Canopy Glass Railing

Laminated Glass Laminated Safety Glass

Laminated Safety Glass Features:

Monolithic Glass Laminated Glass
Properties Annealed Tempered Annealed Tempered
Laminated Laminated
Alteration Possible Not possible Possible Possible
Risk of Injury High Low Low Low
Impact Low High Low High
Resistance
Environment No No Yes, protects Yes, protects
Control from UV rays from UV rays
Acoustic No No Yes Yes
Insulation
Glass Configuration
Glass Breakage Type SummaryAjiya Safety Glass

Annealed Glass Heat-strengthened Tempered Glass Laminated Glass

Break easily, Resistant to breakage. Resistant to breakage. Resistant to
typically in long, 2 times stronger than 3-5 times stronger penetration. Breaks
sharp shards annealed glass. than annealed glass. into impact. Tends to
Breaks in large shards Shatters completely keep shards intact
in small pieces. after breakage.
Vacating in the frame
after impact.
Insulating Glass ?
 Energy Efficiency Glass
Insulating Glass Low-Emissivity Glass

• Often called DOUBLE GLAZING UNIT

(DGU), is a combination of two or
more panes of glass spaced apart with
a spacer bar and hermetically sealed
with a primary and secondary sealant
to form a single unit with one or more
air spaces in between.

• Prevention of Condensation
• Perfect transparency
• Clean Room Environment
 Energy Efficiency Glass
Insulating Glass Low-Emissivity Glass

Insulating Energy-Saving Safety Glass Type:

 Energy Efficiency Glass
Insulating Glass Low-Emissivity Glass

Insulating Energy-Saving Safety Glass Unit Configuration:

 Energy Efficiency Glass
Insulating Glass Low-Emissivity Glass

Energy-Saving Safety Glass Unit Product Application :

Curtain Walls

Windows
Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass?
Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass
• Designed to protect against forced entry and physical attack. It is a high
quality composite that combines the properties of Structural Interlayer/
Structural PVB with the abrasion resistance of glass.
• Thickness and composition of glass depends on degree of protection required.
• It can withstand prolonged attack from heavy objects, axes, crow bars and
other hand tools.
 Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass
Glass Characteristic :
Bullet Blast Intrusion Hurricane
Resistant Resistant Resistant Resistant
Safety Glass Safety Glass Safety Glass Safety Glass

Product Stop bullets & Sustain large Protect Protect

Description prevent elastic against against
spalling deformation forced entry hurricane
prior to and physical
failure attack
 Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass
Glass Characteristic :
Bullet Blast Intrusion Hurricane
Resistant Resistant Resistant Resistant
Safety Glass Safety Glass Safety Glass Safety Glass
Product • Non • Non • Non • UV
Features Spalling Spalling Spalling Protection
• Anti- • Anti- • Anti- • Withstand
Lacerative Lacerative Lacerative High Cyclic
• UV • UV • UV Pressures
Protection Protection Protection
• Thinner • Thinner
Panel Panel
Product • Bank • Embassies • Airports • Airports
Applications • Cash • Police • Hotels • Hotels
Counters Stations • Homes • Homes
• Jewelry (IPD) • Museums • Hospitals
Stores • Military • Retail
Installation Outlets
• Prisons
 Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass
Bullet Resistant Safety Glass Classification:
 Security, Safety & Storm
Protection Glass
SG Interlayer Laminated Glass – Stepping Glass:
SentryGlas Laminated Glass
Decorative Glass?
 Tinted / Translucent /

Decorative Glass Frosted Glass/ Opaque Glass/

Ceramic Fritted Glass

Produced by applying ceramic or enamel paint onto glass surface before being
heat treated in tempering furnace

Can be used monothically, laminated or double glazed Monolithic Glass

 Tinted / Translucent /

Decorative Glass Frosted Glass/ Opaque Glass/

Ceramic Fritted Glass

1. Tinted Glass & Laminated Glass

 Tinted / Translucent /

Decorative Glass Frosted Glass/ Opaque Glass/

Ceramic Fritted Glass

2. Frosted Glass

High Transmission ~ 80% Medium Light Transmission ~ 65% Low Light Transmission ~ 7%

Clear 3. Translucent 4. Opaque

 Tinted / Translucent /

Decorative Glass Frosted Glass/ Opaque Glass/

Ceramic Fritted Glass

5. Ceramic Fritted Glass Pattern:

 Tinted / Translucent /

Decorative Glass Frosted Glass/ Opaque Glass/

Ceramic Fritted Glass

Ceramic Fritted Glass Application:

Malaysia Standard
Malaysia Standard For Glass

TYPE OF GLASS MALAYSIAN STANDARD

FLOAT AND POLISHED PLATE GLASSES – MS 1135: 2020
SPECIFICATION
SAFETY GLASS IN BUILDING SPECIFICATION MS 1498: 2017
COATED GLASS IN BUILDING SPECIFICATION MS 2397:2016
INSULATED GLASS UNIT GLASS IN BUILDINGS – MS 2666: 2016
INSULATING GLASS UNIT (IGU) –
PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
WIRED GLASS – SPECIFICATION MS 2676: 2019
Malaysia Standard For Glass

This Malaysian
Standard cancels
and replaces MS
1498:2017, Safety
glass in building -
Safety performance
specification (First
revision).
Glass Project References
 Everything look
Glass Project References better with glass.

New look at Senai Airport

 Everything look
Glass Project References better with glass.
 Everything look
Glass Project References better with glass.