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    3-2-Way Pneumatic Valve

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    Đặng Trung Anh
    The document discusses 3/2-way pneumatic valves, which have 3 ports and 2 positions to either allow air flow from the inlet to the outlet port or from the outlet to the exhaust port. 3/2-way valves can be normally closed, normally open, or bi-stable and are commonly used to control single-acting or double-acting cylinders as well as for applications like blow-off, pressure release, and creating vacuums. The valves come in different designs with options like poppet or spool seals and can be actuated pneumatically, manually, mechanically, or electrically using solenoids.

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    3-2-Way Pneumatic Valve

    Uploaded by

    Đặng Trung Anh
    434 views6 pages
    The document discusses 3/2-way pneumatic valves, which have 3 ports and 2 positions to either allow air flow from the inlet to the outlet port or from the outlet to the exhaust port. 3/2-way valves can be normally closed, normally open, or bi-stable and are commonly used to control single-acting or double-acting cylinders as well as for applications like blow-off, pressure release, and creating vacuums. The valves come in different designs with options like poppet or spool seals and can be actuated pneumatically, manually, mechanically, or electrically using solenoids.

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    The document discusses 3/2-way pneumatic valves, which have 3 ports and 2 positions to either allow air flow from the inlet to the outlet port or from the outlet to the exhaust port. 3/2-way valves can be normally closed, normally open, or bi-stable and are commonly used to control single-acting or double-acting cylinders as well as for applications like blow-off, pressure release, and creating vacuums. The valves come in different designs with options like poppet or spool seals and can be actuated pneumatically, manually, mechanically, or electrically using solenoids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    434 views6 pages

    3-2-Way Pneumatic Valve

    Uploaded by

    Đặng Trung Anh
    The document discusses 3/2-way pneumatic valves, which have 3 ports and 2 positions to either allow air flow from the inlet to the outlet port or from the outlet to the exhaust port. 3/2-way valves can be normally closed, normally open, or bi-stable and are commonly used to control single-acting or double-acting cylinders as well as for applications like blow-off, pressure release, and creating vacuums. The valves come in different designs with options like poppet or spool seals and can be actuated pneumatically, manually, mechanically, or electrically using solenoids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    https://tameson.co.uk/32-way-pneumatic-valve.

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    3/2-Way Pneumatic Valve


    3/2-Way Pneumatic Valve Online Selection

    Circuit function
    The 3/2-way pneumatic valve has three connection ports and two states. The three ports are:

     inlet (P, 1),


     outlet (A, 2)
     exhaust (R, 3)
    The two states of the valve are open and closed. When the valve is open, air flows from the inlet (P, 1)
    to the outlet (A, 2). When the valve is closed, air flows from the outlet (A, 2) to the exhaust (R, 3).

    A valve that is closed in non-actuated state is normally closed (N.C.), the opposite is called normally
    open (N.O.).

    Circuit function of a Normally Closed 3/2-way valve

    Most valves are mono-stable and return to their default position when not actuated, this is
    achieved with a spring mechanism. Bi-stable 3/2-way valves retain their position during power loss, and
    require a separate action to switch the valve state. Therefore, they cannot be designated as Normally
    Closed or Normally Open. Bi-stable pneumatic solenoid valves typically have a coil at each position and
    are pulse operated. Summarized, the different functions of the 3/2-way valve are:

     3/2-way mono-stable NC (Have a look in the webstore)


     3/2-way mono-stable NO (Have a look in the webstore)
     3/2-way bi-stable
    The circuit functions can be shown with valve symbols. For the three above mentioned functions, the
    symbol of an indirect operated solenoid valve is shown below. You can find detailed information about
    other pneumatic valve symbols and their explanation in our valve symbol article.
    Symbols of 3/2-way pneumatic solenoid valves

    3/2-way valves can be actuated by different means such as:

     pneumatically
     manually
     mechanically
     electrically (solenoid valve)
    Furthermore, the valves can be direct operated or indirect operated. With indirect operation, the valve
    uses the inlet pressure to help switching the valve state.

    Design
    3/2-way valves are available in several designs. The sealing mechanism of the valves can be a poppet
    or a spool. The valve’s main parts are the following: housing, seals, poppet (or spool) and an actuator

    With direct operated valves, the spool or poppet is moved directly by the actuator. Several types of
    actuators are possible:

     Solenoid (coil)
     Push button
     Lever
     Foot pedal, etc.
    The valve closes or opens by moving the spool or poppet. Mono-stable valves return to their default
    position, which is accomplished by spring force. In case of indirect operation, the spool is not directly
    actuated by the solenoid.The valve uses the system pressure to move the spool. In order to do this an
    additional pilot valve is used. This pilot valve is a small direct operated 3/2-way valve. The pilot valve
    delivers compressed air to a small air cylinder inside the valve. The compressed air in this cylinder
    pushes against the piston and actuates the solenoid to switch the valve. This way, a relatively small
    solenoid can be used to switch the valve.Mono-stable valves are built with one coil, bi-stable valves with
    two coils. With a NAMUR housing (housing with standardized footprint), the valve can be fixed directly to
    an actuator which also meets the NAMUR standard. Manifolds can be used to save space and to group
    valves. Not only can several 3/2-way valves be built up into one manifold, there is a possibility to mix
    valves. For example, you can mount a 5/2-way valve next to a 3/2-way valve. The possible
    combinations depend on the type and design of the manifold.

    Pneumatic Manifold Online Selection


    You always have to keep the environment of a pneumatic system in mind. When there are aggressive
    substances in the environment, the valve body and the seals have to be resistant against corrosion. In
    clean room areas, ATEX environments and the food industry special valves are applicable.
    A 5/2-way valve can be used as a 3/2-way valve by only using only one inlet and the corresponding
    outlet port. With two 2/2-way valves the function of a 3/2-way valve can be mimicked.

    Typical applications
    3/2-Way valves are suitable for several tasks: driving pneumatic actuators, blow-off, pressure release
    and vacuum applications.

    Controlling a single acting cylinder

    Operating a single acting cylinder is a typical application of 3/2-way valves. A single acting cylinder has
    one pneumatic port to fill and empty the air chamber. The cylinder moves in one direction by filling the
    air chamber, and returns by spring force. The 3/2-way valve either fills the air chamber or vents the
    chamber to the atmosphere. A basic pneumatic circuit for a single acting cylinder can found on the
    picture below.

    Schematic representation of a single-acting cylinder drive with a 3/2-way valve

    Controlling a double acting cylinder

    A double acting cylinder has two air chambers. The cylinder is moved by filling one air chamber while
    venting the other. Each chamber has its own connection port, so in most cases a 5/2-way valve is used
    to operate a double acting cylinder. However, it can also be done with two 3/2-way valves that each
    connect to a port of the cylinder. One valve drives the piston rod to the extended position (a 1), the other
    valve drives the piston back to its initial position (a0) (see the picture below). One advantage of these
    circuits is that two different pressures can be applied to the cylinder ports, without installing a pressure
    regulator between the valve and the cylinder. Another advantage is that the two air chambers can be
    vented simultaneously, resulting in free movement of the piston rod. with a 5/2-way valve this is not
    possible.

    To drive the piston with two NC valves from position a0 to a1, one valve needs to be energized (switched
    on, 1) while the other needs to be de-energized (switched off, 0). The valve that is switched off lets
    compressed air exhaust at the port (R,3). Therefore, the piston moves to the required direction. More
    states are given in the tables below.
    At least one of the two valves should be in the "exhaust" position, to not pressurize both cylinder ports at
    the same time. When both cylinder ports are pressurized, the piston movement depends on the previous
    state of the piston, the amount of pressure, the cylinder type, etc.

    One NC and one NO pneumatic solenoid valve controlling a double acting cylinder

    NC Valve ’left’ NO Valve ’right’ Piston position


    0 0 a0
    1 0 No stable state
    0 1 Free movement between a0-a1
    1 1 a1

    Two NC pneumatic solenoid valves controlling a double acting cylinder

    NC valve ’left’ NC valve ’right’ Piston position


    0 0 Free movement between a0-a1
    1 0 a1
    0 1 a0
    1 1 No stable state
    In the tables above the figures mean the following:

     0 = valve not actuated


     1 = valve actuated
    Blow off, pressure release, and vacuum applications.

    3/2-way valves are suitable for blow off, pressure release and vacuum applications. In most cases
    externally piloted or direct actuated valves are necessary because they do not require a minimum
    pressure differential. Take a look at the circuits below for blow-off, pressure release and vacuum valves.
    In the vacuum circuit the vacuum pump is connected to port (P,1), the atmospheric pressure is
    connected to port (R,3). The vacuum will be broken when the port (A,2) is connected with port (R,3). The
    vacuum pad is picking up the object, when the vacuum pump (P (1) port) is switched on.

    Valve symbols of 3/2-way valves used for blow-off and pressure relief applications
    Valve symbol of a 3/2-way valve used for a vacuum application

    Additional Information

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