LAB MANUAL OF

COMPUTER
HARDWARE
SIMULATION
 EXPERIMENT I
Object: Assembling of a personal computer:

a) Identifying parts of mother board, power connections and locating

other connectors
b) Interconnection of disk drive units, keyboard, mouse and monitor.

Procedure :

Step 1: Prepare the motherboard which is the NVIDA model. If you want to
assemble the well-linked device, you should use Intel G31, GMA3100 or
AMD 780 Main board.

Step 2: Mount the CPU in the socket of the main board. You must
Choose the correct CPU for your motherboard, and install it according to its
instructions. Be careful not to install the CPU in the wrong way. Not only would
your computer not work, it could short circuit and damages your motherboard.
 Step 3: Connect the CPU cooler to the mainboard.

Step 4: Attach the RAM (memory) modules in the corresponding slots. The
motherboard should have rows of slots that have 2 or 3 sections that are of different
lengths. Make sure the pins on the RAM card lineup with pins on the motherboard
connector. Don’t get the RAM slots mixed up with PCI slots. The PCI slots are
usually wider.
Step 5: Open the case and mount the power supply which is M-ATX type. Make
sure to connect all the connections to the drivers and motherboards.

Step 6: Attach the main board back to the case and check the main board mounting
position. The main board’s instructions should tell the position of the
motherboard.

Step 7: Suitably position the motherboard in the case.

Step 8: Mount the hard disk and connect it to the power supply and the
motherboard. There should be separate connections for the motherboard. In SATA
hard disk case, we should remove the jumper.
Step 9: Connect the SATA connectors to the drives and the USB connectors and the
case switches to the motherboard. The case and the motherboard’s instructions
should tell where to connect the cables.

Step 10: Connect the 20 or 24 pin ATX connector and the 4-pin power control
connector to the main board.

Step 11: Mount the DVD-ROM drive. After connecting the ATA cable to the
device, hook it up to the power supply.
Step 12: Finally, select a compatible operating system, and follow the instructions
to install.
 EXPERIMENT II
Object: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its
function. Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each
peripheral.

Procedure:

Hardware is physical appearance of the devices or tools, which we use, touch and
feel.

Computer hardware consists of monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse and all other
devices connected to the computer.

A typical computer consists of the following parts of hardware.

 CPU:
 Processor is the heart of computer. The processor is fitted on to a
motherboard.
 The motherboard contains various components, which supports the
functioning of a PC.

 Motherboard: This holds the processor, RAM, CMOS, bolter y, North

bridge, South bridge, PCI slots, AGP slots etc.
 RAM:

 Primary memory used for program execution & short term data
storage. It is volatile in nature.
 RAM size can contribute to a faster PC.

 Bus: Used to transfer the data between the I/O devices, also called as IDE
cable.
 Power Supply: A case that holds a transformer, voltage control & fan. Also
called SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply). Used to convert AC to DC.

 Video Display Converter: It produces the output for the computer display.
It is connected to VGA parts.
 Storage Devices:
CD: Compact Disk is used to store data & read from it. Types of CDs are
CD-ROM(CD Read Only Memory), CD-RW(CD Read Write) and DVD
 (Digital Versatile Disk). Capacity of CD is 700 MB and that of a DVD is
4.7GB.

Floppy Disk: It is also used to store and retrieve the data. Unlike CD, we can
erase the data that was already stored. But we can store only 1.44MB of

data.
Hard Disk: It is also used to store and retrieve the data (secondary memory).
Compared to CD /DVD/floppy disk, we can store large amount of data in
terms of GBs.
Capacity: 80GB/160 GB/200 GB/500GB/1 TB

 Modem: Used for dial-up connections. Also used to modulate and

demodulate signals.
 Network Cards: Pcr DSL/Cable, internet, and/or connecting to other
computers, connected in PCI slots.
It is represented as shown:

 Input Devices:
Keyboard: It is an input device used to enter data.
 This contains different variants like keyboard with 108 keys, keyboard with
116 keys & multimedia.

Mouse: It is also an input device used to point the target (folder/file/image).

 Output Devices:
Printer: It is an output device which is used to create hard copies. Laser
printers, inkjet printers, dot matrix printers etc. are types of printers.
Speakers: It is also an output device used for listening music and sounds i.e.
any audio output.

Result: I have successfully completed identification of the peripherals of the

computer.
 INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

INPUT UNIT STORAGE OUTPUT UNIT

CONTROL
Control UNIT
Unit

ALU
 EXPERIMENT III
Object: To assemble and disassemble a computer.

Procedure: List of computer parts are: cabinet, motherboard, processor, hard disk,
RAM, SMPS, floppy drive, DVD R/W drive, AGP card,VGA card.

Material Required:
 Philips head screw driver (star screw driver)
 Flat head screw driver
 Forceps (for pulling out jumpers & screws)
 Magnetized screw driver

A) Dissembling: It means removing parts by part in a system or removing

the parts separately.
STEPS:
 Remove the power supply from wall socket and remove all the
connections.
 Remove all the screws of the cabinet with a star head screw driver and
open the cabinet doors.
 Remove the connections to the processor from SMPS.
 Remove the SMPS.
 Remove the heat sink fan which is placed on the top of the processor.
 Remove the processor by raising the lift lever.
 Remove the RAM from the RAM slots.
 Remove the AGP cards if any.
 Also remove VGA and network cards if any.
 Remove the connections from the hard disk.
 Remove connections to the CD/DVD/floppy disk from motherboard.
 Remove the motherboard from the cabinet.
 B) Assembling:
After buying all the computer components, they must be put together. This
process is called assembling.
 Install the motherboard to the cabinet using the star headed screw
driver.
 Install the processor by raising the lift lever on the CPU socket.
 Install the heat sink fan.
 Install the SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply).
 Give the connections to the processor from the 5Mps.
 Install the RAM into the RAM slots.
 Install the VGA Cards (Video Graphic Adapter).
 Install the AGP cards (Accelerated Graphics Port).
 Install the network cards.
 Install the hard disk.
 Install the CD/DVD/floppy disk to the motherboard.
 Screw the doors of the cabinet using the star headed screw.
 Finally give all the connections, including the power supply from the
wall socket.

1. Placing motherboard in cabinet 2. Raising lift lever on CPU 3. Placing CPU in socket
 4. Placing Heat sink 5. Placing heat sink in motherboard 6. Inserting RAM into RAM slots

6. Back side of hard disk 7. Fixing hard disk

There are 2 main kinds of motherboards and cabinets available today with
reference to power supply – AT (Advanced Technology) and ATX (Advanced
Technology Extended).

ATX 12V Power Connector ATX Power Connector 20 pins

  Connect the wires coming out from behind the face of your computer case to
your motherboard. They control the on, off, reset, hard disk activity and
power switch.
It is as shown in the figure as follows:

JUSB: USB connector ( J means jumper)

DVD: Digital Versatile Disk
AGP: Accelerate Graphic Port
PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
VGA: Visual/Video Graphics Adapter/Array
USB: Universal Serial Bus
SCSI: Small Computer System Interconnect
IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Result: I have successfully completed disassembling and assembling the PC back

to the working condition.