Curriculum Development
Curriculum Development
Curriculum Development
⮚ Highly academic
⮚ Sum total of all the learning experiences inside and outside the school
1. Recommended Curriculum
2. Written Curriculum
*course of study
*syllabi
*modules
*instructional guides
3. Taught Curriculum
4. Supported Curriculum
- These are support materials that teacher needs like printed materials and non-print
materials
5. Assessed Curriculum
6. Learned Curriculum
7. Hidden/Implicit Curriculum
1. Initiator
● Implementations of new curriculum requires the open minded of the teacher and the full
belief that the curriculum will enhance learning
2. Innovator
3. Implementer
4. Evaluator
5. Knower
6. Writer
7. Planner
● A teacher’s role is to make yearly, monthly or daily plan of the curriculum which serves as a
guide in the implementation of the curriculum
Curriculum Views
TRADITIONAL - Limited
a. Robert Hutchins
✔ The 3Rs should be emphasized in basic education while Liberal Education should be
emphasized on college.
b. Arthur Bestor
✔ Believes that the mission of the school should be intellectual training which include
Math, Science, History and Foreign Language
c. Philip Phenix
✔ Curriculum should consist entirely of knowledge which comes from various disciplines.
PROGRESSIVE - Broad
a) John Dewey
✔ Viewed curriculum as all the experiences in the classroom which are planned and
enacted by the teacher and also learned by the students.
IDEALISM (Plato)
• Ideas are the only true reality
• What exist is in the mind only
• Existence of ideas independent from the material world
• Ideas are believed to be innate in the individual as these have been endowed by a perfect
thing
Sample questions:
1. Teacher Jane is concerned more on conceptual matters since reality is mental.
2. The values education student teaches faith, hope and love and values which are believed to
be the permanent values whether they be valued by people or not.
REALISM (Aristotle)
• Reality exists independent in human mind
• Reality is not in the mind but in the external world
• Ultimate reality is the world of physical objects
• Concern with what is real, what is actual
• Truth is objective – what can be observed
Pragmatism
● It believes that meaning of an idea can be determined by the consequence of its test: if it
works in practice, it is true or good.
● Believes in change as the essence of reality
● Experimental method is its method of thought
Sample questions:
● In recent curricular revision, the humanities are gradually replaced by technical courses that
bear practical consequences. This shows that curricular direction is toward ______.
Teacher B: The learner can choose what he can become despite his environment
Teacher C: The teacher is a social being who learns well through an active interplay with others.
Teacher D: The learner is a rational being. School should develop his rational and moral powers.
Rationalism (Rene Descartes)
● Knowledge can be derived from certain prior truths
● Virtue and happiness can be obtained through the knowledge of God
Epicureanism – a form of ancient hedonism – the highest pleasure consists of simple and moderate
life; pleasure is attainable only by REASON
Stoicism – if there are difficulties and adversities, you have to patiently accept them and endure
them.
- knowledge to be transmitted
BASIC
3) Scope - content topics, learning experiences and organizing the threads of an education plan
Curriculum Development - is a dynamic process involving many different people and procedures
i. Planning - considers the school vision, mission and goals, including the philosophy of the
schools.
iv. Evaluation - determine to which the desired outcomes have been achieved.
✔ Focus on Administrator
3. Galen
Saylor and
William
Alexander:
Curriculum
Model
iv. Evaluation
3. Problem-Centered - this design draws on social problems.Develop positive attitude toward life
and life problems
a. Life situation design – problems and basic areas of living in the context of community.
b. Core design – the central focus of the core design includes common needs, problems,
and concerns of the learners.
Curriculum Implementation
-Means putting into practice the written curriculum that has been designed in syllabi, course
studies, curricular guides and subjects.
5) Value Orientation - respond to shift in emphasis within the VMG’s of the school
✔ Specific evaluation