Air Conditioning System

What is an air conditioning system?
An air conditioner is a system that is used to cool down a space by removing heat from the
space and moving it to some outside area. The cool air can then be moved throughout a
building through ventilation. Air conditioners require some input of work to operatre,
otherwise entropy would decrease naturally which is forbidden by the Second law of
thermodynamics.
An air conditioning system is an electrical device that is purposely installed for the removal of
heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space. It is a process that is commonly used to
achieve a more comfortable environment, basically for human and other animals.
Air conditioning system is also used to cool and dehumidify rooms that contain heat-producing
electronic devices, such as computer server, power amplifiers. It also used in space that contains
delicate products like artwork.
Cooling is generally achieved in the air conditioning system through a refrigeration cycle, but
sometimes evaporation or free cooling is employed. The system can also be made based on
desiccants (chemicals that eliminate moisture from the air). Most AC system stores and rejects
heat in pipes called subterranean.
Functions of the air conditioning system
Below are the major functions of an air conditioning system in modern houses:
 The primary purpose of air conditioning is to create a room climate comfortable for
humans.
 Some special type of conditioning system is used to cool the temperature of electric
devices.
 It controls the humidity of a room as 30 to 65% is permitted while the temperature should
be between 20 and 26 degrees Celsius.
 Air conditioning system affects the room air to comfort people and their productivity is not
impeded.
 The condition of the air is characterized by temperature, pressure and humidity. The air
pressure is not changed.
 Air conditioning system can be for heating, dehumidifying, cooling, and humidifying.
Components of an air conditioner
Air conditioners act similarly to a heat pump, but instead follow a cooling cycle. This cooling
cycle can be seen in Figure . To cool, a substance known as a refrigerant is processed in the
following steps:
 A cold liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the hotter room in the evaporator, cooling the
room down.
 The refrigerant then changes phase to a gas and is put through a compressor to increase its
temperature.
 Refrigerant then passes through the condenser coils, transferring heat from the refrigerant to
the outside air.
 Refrigerant expands in order to decrease its pressure and cool down to below the room's
temperature to repeat the cycle again.
The air conditioner is a key component of the HVAC system, which focuses on home
temperature control in order to maximize comfort and livability in a space.
Air conditioners are called "split-systems" because there is an outdoor unit (the condenser) and
an indoor unit (the evaporator). These two systems work together to accomplish the task of
cooling an interior space while also dehumidifying it. This dehumidification happens as warm air
from inside passes over the cold evaporator, where the warm air condenses and loses moisture,
just like warm air does on a cold glass of lemonade.
The split-system describes an air conditioner with separate indoor and outdoor components.
There is also another type of air conditioner which combines these components into one outdoor
system, known as a "packaged" system.
Compressor:
The compressor is the engine of the system as it works with a fluid that easily transforms the gas
into a liquid. Its primary function is to convert low-pressure gas into a high-pressure gas, which
has a high temperature. in its working, the gap regions between molecules get narrowed down
with a produced energized gas. This energized gas which also known as a refrigerant is released
from the compressor and enters the condenser.
Condenser Coil:
The condenser coil contains a fan that cools the high-pressure gas and converts it into a liquid.
The product obtained used by the evaporator to do the work. The compressor and condenser are
ones placed outside of the house.
Thermostat:
The thermostat maintains the temperature of an air conditioning system as it regulates the heat
energy inside and outside of it. depending on the design, a thermostat can set manually or
automatically.
Evaporator:
Evaporators are air conditioning components found inside the house near the furnace. It’s
connected to the condenser with an extreme thin pipe. The high-pressure gas is transformed into
a low-pressure liquid of the air conditioner. The liquid is then converted to gas due to the
decreasing pressure. The fluid or refrigerant is what takes away the heat from the and cools it off.
The evaporator releases the fluid in form of a gas in order to get compressed again by the
compressor. All of these happens in a cyclic fashion.
Air Handler and Blowing Unit:

This air conditioner components work together to draw the air to the evaporator and distribute
cool air over the room. A duct system facilitates the passage of airflow in the room.
The complete diagram of an air conditioning system

Classification of the air conditioning system
We classify the air conditioning system in order to distinguish one type from another. This
provides a background for selecting the optimum air conditioning system depending on the
building requirements. An air conditioner can be classified into three categories which include:
Classification based on major function:

 Comfort air conditioning e.g. hotels, homes, offices etc.
 Commercial air conditioning e.g. malls, supermarket etc.

 Industrial air-conditioning e.g. processing, laboratories etc.
Classification based on the season in the year:
 A summer air conditioner which controls all four atmospheric condition for summer
comfort.
 Winter air conditioner is designed for comfort in the winter.
 A year-round air conditioner which consists of heating and cooling tools with an automatic
control that could serve in any weather condition in the year.
Types of the air conditioning system
Central Air Conditioning:
The central conditioning is the most common type of cooling system. It’s preferably used in
larger homes because of its efficient cooling. the conditioning system circulates cool air through
supply and returns ducts.
Ductless, Mini-Split Air Conditioner:
The ductless, mini-split air conditioning system are also common but it’s modified with new
parts. Just like the central conditioning type, these systems have an indoor handling unit and an
outdoor compressor/condenser.
These types of air conditioning system are effective in cooling individual room because the
system can as many as four indoor handling units. The handling unit is connected to the outdoor
unit. Also, each handling unit has its own thermostat, which allows each of them to work at a
different temperature. A particular part can be cooled in the system.
Window Air Conditioner:

A window air conditioner is a compact unit, ideal for cooling one particular room. The system is
also known as a “unitary unit”, it’s installed in the window of a room. In its working, warm air is
sent out through the back of the conditioning system and blows cool air through the front part.
It’s perfect for those who secure small spaces and won’t be perfect for larger homes as it doesn’t
cool effectively in such kind of environment.
Portable Air Conditioner:

These types of air conditioning system are specified as next-generation
window unit cooling system. It takes air from the room and cools it then
send it back into the room. It also vents warm air from outside, through
an exhaust hose that’s installed in a window.

Air Conditioning System

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Air Conditioning System

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What is an air conditioning system?

Functions of the air conditioning system

Air Handler and Blowing Unit:

The complete diagram of an air conditioning system

Classification based on major function:

 Commercial air conditioning e.g. malls, supermarket etc.

Window Air Conditioner:

Portable Air Conditioner:

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