Hvac System

HVAC SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC refers to the different
systems used for moving air between indoor and outdoor areas, along
with heating and cooling both residential and commercial buildings. They are the systems that
keep you warm and cozy in the winter and feeling cool and fresh in the summer. They also are
the systems that filter and clean indoor air to keep you healthy and maintain humidity levels at
optimal comfort levels.
Each component in your home may be separate, such as a radiant system combined with window
air conditioning units. However, it is more common for combined systems such as central
heating and AC systems that use a single blower to circulate air via internal ducts in a home, or
with a ductless system for different rooms or zones in the house.
The objective of HVAC are to control the temperature of air inside the designated “Air
Conditioned” space along with control of moisture, filtration of air and containment of air borne
particles, supply of outside fresh air for control of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the air
conditioned space, and finally control of the movement of air or draught. All these factors
comprise of a successful HVAC system. Air conditioning has changed over the years from just
cooling of a space to the effective control of all the above parameters.
The furnace utilizes natural gas or oil to heat the air. Within the furnace is a heat exchanger,
which is the part of the furnace responsible for heating up the air to the right temperature. You’ll
typically find the furnace in the attic, basement, or a specially designed closet space.
The air conditioner cools the air and is found outside of the house. It uses electricity and coolant
liquid to reduce the temperature of the air, while sending hot air outside and cold air inside.
Ductwork is the transit system for hot and cold air throughout the home. It moves it throughout
the interior of your home.
The thermostat acts as the brain of your system. It can turn your system on and off, control the
temperature and also operate any other special features that you have installed alongside your
system.
The processes by which effective control of parameters in an air conditioned space is maintained
are as follows:
Heating: To increase the temperature by adding thermal energy to a space.
Cooling: To decrease the temperature by removing thermal energy from a space.

Humidifying: The process of increasing the relative humidity of a space by addition of water
vapor or steam.
Dehumidifying: The process of removing the water vapor or humidity of a space.
Cleaning: The process of removing dust, pollens, smoke and contaminants from air inside the
space.
Ventilating: The process of adding external air to freshen up the air and maintaining gas ratio.
Air movement: To control the movement of the supplied air so that the inhabitants of the space
do not feel discomfort.
Schematic Diagram for HVAC system
In order to understand the system, the diagram below is used to present the intended and how the
system works.
.
Figure 1: the schematic diagram for HVAC system.
Forced Air Systems – The forced air system takes hot or cold air and forces it through metal
ducts using a blower. Hot air is forced through one set of ducts and cold air is sent through
another set of ducts, depending on whether you’re using the air conditioner or the furnace.
The most common problem with forced air system is blowouts. Towards the end of their
lifespan, the blowers can malfunction and stop working. It’s also not uncommon for cheaper
systems to have issues with volume.
Gravity Systems – Gravity systems operate using the principle that cold air sinks, while hot air
rises. Therefore, a gravity system cannot be used in conjunction with an air conditioning system.
These systems are positioned in the basement. When switched on, the warm air rises through the
ceiling and heats your home. When it cools, it sinks down again and is reheated.
Radiant Systems – Radiant systems also come with the same problem as gravity systems. They
cannot be used in conjunction with air conditioning systems. A radiant heating system heats the
floors, walls, or ceilings of a room. Most commonly, though, they’re used to heat implements
like radiators, which distribute heat around your room. The main downside of radiant systems is
the pipes used to transport hot water are prone to malfunction, either due to mineral deposits or
general wear and tear.
PICTORIALS FOR HVAC SYSTEM
LEGEND FOR THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Hvac System

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HVAC SYSTEM

Heating: To increase the temperature by adding thermal energy to a space.

Cooling: To decrease the temperature by removing thermal energy from a space.

Dehumidifying: The process of removing the water vapor or humidity of a space.

Schematic Diagram for HVAC system

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