The Accounting Cycle Completed: HE IG Icture

The Accounting Cycle Completed
THE BIG PICTURE
ccountants have come a long way from the old stereotype of bean countera pale gure with a green eyeshade who tends cloth-bound ledgers and journals in a back room. In fact, todays accountants are more likely to be working from home, perhaps overlooking the Pacic Ocean while they serve clients in other provinces via the Internet. At least thats what life is like for Lance and Deanna Gildea, founders of TAD, an online (or virtual) accounting service. TAD accomplishes the entire accounting cycle using the accounting software of the clients choice. For the rst step of the accounting cycle, which you learned in Chapter 3, TAD gets clients to scan their invoices, bank statements, and other source documents into their computer. TAD even provides the scanner free of charge to high-end clients. Scanned documents are then transmitted to TAD, and within minutes TAD updates the clients accounts. One of the big benets of using TAD is that clients get real-time, 24hour access to their accounting data. They simply use a Web browser to sign in to their home page (prepared by TAD), where they can view, print, and download reports, cheques, and other information. In addition to forming full-service outsourcing operations like TAD, accountants are morphing into accounting software consultants. Harried entrepreneurs or CEOs of small to mid-size companies often dont know how to do more than boot up their
Simply or Peachtree accounting software. They dont have time to learn how to use it, much less use it correctly. Many also cant afford to pay a full-time accountant to do their books. Enter the new accounting software consultant. These accountants are forming different kinds of relationships with clients, even to the extent of teaching them what has historically been the job of the accountant. For instance, Brian Price of Price and Associates has built a $600,000 business by consulting on low-end or small-business accounting software. The typical client for a business like Prices could be anyone from the mom-andpop business bringing in $100,000200,000 a year to a $2-million services rm. Whether you end up being an online accountant or an accounting software consultant, you still need a thorough grounding in accounting basics. After all, in order to teach your clients how to do their books, as Brian Price does, you must be knowledgeable enough to explain each process clearly. In this chapter, as you learn how to complete the accounting cycle and close the books, think how you would explain the process to a client. How will you explain the process of posting adjusting and closing entries and preparing a post-closing trial balance?
Sources: Based on Antoinette Alexander, Pioneers on the virtual frontier, Accounting Technology, Jan/Feb 2000, pp. 1824; Jeff Stimpson, The new consultant, The Practical Accountant, September 1999, pp. 32542; Antoinette Alexander, The Web: Giving life to a new generation, Accounting Technology, March 2000, pp. 2634.
ADJUSTING, CLOSING, AND POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE
Chapter Objectives
Journalizing and posting adjusting entries (p. 170) Journalizing and posting closing entries (p. 174) Preparing a post-closing trial balance (p. 184)
4 we completed these I n Chapters 3 andPublishing Services: steps of the manual accounting cycle for Clarks Desktop
Remember, for ease of presentation we are using a month as the accounting cycle for Clarks. In the business world, the cycle can be any time period, but is usually one year.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:
Business transactions occurred and generated source documents. Business transactions were analyzed and recorded in a journal. Information was posted or transferred from journal to ledger. A trial balance was prepared. A worksheet was completed. Financial statements were prepared.
This chapter covers the following steps, which will complete Clarks accounting cycle for the month of May: Step 7: Journalizing and posting adjusting entries Step 8: Journalizing and posting closing entries Step 9: Preparing a post-closing trial balance
LEARNING UNIT 5-1

Journalizing and Posting Adjusting Entries: Step 7 of the Accounting Cycle
RECORDING JOURNAL ENTRIES FROM THE WORKSHEET

The information in the worksheet is up to date. The nancial reports prepared from that information can give the businesss management and other interested parties a good idea of where the business stands as of a particular date. The problem is that the worksheet is an informal report. The information concerning the adjustments has not been placed in the journal, or posted to the ledger accounts. This means that the books are not up to date and ready for the next accounting cycle to begin. For example, the ledger shows $1,200 of prepaid rent (page 94), but the balance sheet we prepared in Chapter 4 shows an $800 balance. Essentially, the worksheet is a tool for preparing financial reports. Now we must use the adjustment columns of the worksheet as a basis for bringing the ledger up to date. We do this by adjusting journal entries (see Figure 5-1). Again, the updating must be done before the next accounting period starts. For Clarks Desktop Publishing Services, the next period begins on June 1. Figure 5-1 shows the adjusting journal entries for Clarks taken from the adjustments section of the worksheet (see Figure 5-2). Once the adjusting journal entries are posted to the ledger, the accounts making up the nancial statements that were prepared from the worksheet will correspond with the updated ledger. (Keep in mind that this is the same journal we have been using.) Lets look at some simplied T accounts to show how Clarks ledger looked before and after the adjustments were posted (see adjustments A to D on page 172).
At this point, many ledger accounts are not up to date.
Purpose of adjusting entries.
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CHAPTER 5
CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES GENERAL JOURNAL
Page 2 Date Account Titles and Description PR Dr. Cr.
Adjusting Entries May 31 Office Supplies Expense Office Supplies Office Supplies used up 31 Rent Expense Prepaid Rent Rent expired 31 Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment Accumulated Amortization, DTP Equipment Estimated amortization of asset 31 Office Salaries Expense Salaries Payable Accrued salary to May 31
514 114
5 0 0 00 5 0 0 00
515 115
4 0 0 00 4 0 0 00
516 122
8 0 00 8 0 00
FIGURE 5-1 Adjusting Journal Entries
511 212
3 5 0 00 3 5 0 00
Account Titles Cash Accounts Receivable Office Supplies Prepaid Rent Desktop Publishing Equipment Accounts Payable Brenda Clark, Capital Brenda Clark, Withdrawals Desktop Publishing Fees Office Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Telephone Expense
Trial Balance Dr. Cr.

61 50 6 12 5 5 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 3 3 5 0 00 10 0 0 0 00 6 2 5 00 8 0 0 0 00 1 3 0 0 00 2 5 0 00 2 2 0 00 2 1 3 5 0 00
Adjustments Dr. Cr.
(A) 5 0 0 00 (B) 4 0 0 00
6 0 0 0 00
(D) 3 5 0 00
21 3 5 0 00 (A) 5 0 0 00 (B) 4 0 0 00 (C) 8 0 00 (C) 8 0 00
FIGURE 5-2 Journalizing and Posting Adjustments from the Adjustments Section of the Worksheet
Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment Accumulated Amortization, DTP Equipment Salaries Payable
(D) 3 5 0 00 1 3 3 0 00 1 3 3 0 00
THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE COMPLETED
171
Adjustments A to D in the adjustments section of the worksheet must be recorded in the journal and posted to the ledger.
Adjustment A
Before posting: Ofce Supplies 114 600 Ofce Supplies 114 600 500 Ofce Supplies Expense 514
After posting:
Ofce Supplies Expense 514 500
Adjustment B
Before posting: Prepaid Rent 115 1,200 Prepaid Rent 115 1,200 400 Rent Expense 515
After posting:
Rent Expense 515 400
Adjustment C
Before posting: Desktop Publishing Equipment 121 6,000 After posting: Desktop Publishing Equipment 121 6,000 Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment 516 80 Accumulated Amortization, DTP Equipment 122 80 Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment 516 Accumulated Amortization, DTP Equipment 122
This last adjustment shows the same balances for Amortization Expense and Accumulated Amortization. However, in subsequent adjustments the Accumulated Amortization balance will keep getting larger, but the debit to Amortization Expense and the credit to Accumulated Amortization will be the same. We will see why in a moment.
Adjustment D
Before posting: Ofce Salaries Expense 511 650 650 Ofce Salaries Expense 511 650 650 350 Salaries Payable 212
After posting:
Salaries Payable 212 350
172
CHAPTER 5
LEARNING UNIT 5-1 REVIEW

AT THIS POINT you should be able to:
Dene and state the purpose of adjusting entries. (p. 170) Journalize adjusting entries from the worksheet. (p. 171) Post journalized adjusting entries to the ledger. (p. 172) Compare specific ledger accounts before and after posting of the journalized
adjusting entries. (p. 172)
SELF-REVIEW QUIZ 5-1

( The blank forms you need are on pages 5-1 and 5-2 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) Turn to the worksheet of P. Logan Company (p. 140) and (1) journalize and post the adjusting entries and (2) compare the adjusted ledger accounts before and after the adjustments are posted. T accounts with beginning balances are provided in your Study Guide.
Solution to Self-Review Quiz 5-1

Quiz Tip These journal entries come from the adjustments column of the worksheet.
PR Account Titles and Description Adjusting Entries Dec. 31 Amortization Expense, Store Equipment 511 Accumulated Amortization, Store Equipment 122 Estimated amortization of equipment Date 31 Insurance Expense Prepaid Insurance Insurance expired 31 Supplies Expense Store Supplies Store Supplies used 31 Salaries Expense Salaries Payable Accrued salaries payable 516 116 Dr. 1 00 1 00 Page 2 Cr.
2 00 2 00
514 114
4 00 4 00
512 212
3 00 3 00
173
PARTIAL LEDGER Before Posting After Posting Amortization Accumulated Amortization Accumulated Expense, Amortization, Expense, Amortization, Store Equipment 511 Store Equipment 122 Store Equipment 511 Store Equipment 122 4 1 4 1 Prepaid Insurance 116 3 Store Supplies 114 5 Salaries Expense 512 8 Insurance Expense 516 Supplies Expense 514 Salaries Payable 212 Prepaid Insurance 116 3 2 Store Supplies 114 5 4 Salaries Expense 512 8 3 Insurance Expense 516 2 Supplies Expense 514 4 Salaries Payable 212 3
LEARNING UNIT 5-2

Journalizing and Posting Closing Entries: Step 8 of the Accounting Cycle
To make recording of the next scal years transactions easier, a mechanical step, called closing, is taken by the accountant at Clarks. Closing is used to end or close offthe revenue, expense, and withdrawal accounts at the end of the scal year. The information needed to complete closing entries will be found in the income statement and balance sheet sections of the worksheet. To make it easier to understand this process, we will rst look at the difference between temporary (nominal) accounts and permanent (real) accounts. Here is the expanded accounting equation we used in an earlier chapter: Assets
Permanent accounts are found on the balance sheet.
Liabilities
Capital
Withdrawals
Revenues
Expenses
Three of the items in that equation assets, liabilities, and capital are known as real or permanent accounts, because their balances are carried over from one scal year to another. The other three items withdrawals, revenue, and expenses are called nominal or temporary accounts, because their balances are not carried over from one scal year to another. Instead, their balances are set at zero at the beginning of each scal year. This allows us to accumulate new data about revenue, expenses, and withdrawals in the new scal year. The process of closing summarizes the effects of the temporary accounts on capital for that period by using closing journal entries and by posting them to the ledger. When the closing process is complete, the accounting equation will be reduced to: Assets Liabilities Ending Capital If you look back at page 142 in Chapter 4, you will see that we have calculated the new capital on the balance sheet for Clarks Desktop Publishing Services to be $14,275. But before the mechanical closing procedures are journalized and posted, the capital account of Brenda Clark in the ledger is only $10,000 (Chapter 3, page 94). Lets look now at how to journalize and post closing entries.
After all closing entries are journalized and posted to the ledger, all temporary accounts have a zero balance in the ledger. Closing is a step-by-step process.
174
CHAPTER 5
HOW TO JOURNALIZE CLOSING ENTRIES

There are four steps to be performed in journalizing closing entries:
An Income Summary is a temporary account located in the chart of accounts under Owners Equity. It does not have a normal balance of a debit or a credit.
Step 1: Clear the revenue balances and transfer them to Income Summary. Income Summary is a temporary account in the ledger needed for closing. At the end of the closing process there will be no balance in Income Summary. Revenue Income Summary Step 2: Clear the individual expense balances and transfer them to Income Summary. Expenses Income Summary Step 3: Clear the balance in Income Summary and transfer it to Capital. Income Summary Capital Step 4: Clear the balance in Withdrawals and transfer it to Capital. Withdrawals Capital Figure 5-3 is a visual representation of these four steps. Keep in mind that this information must first be journalized and then posted to the appropriate ledger accounts. The worksheet presented in Figure 5-4 contains all the figures we will need for the closing process.
Sometimes, closing the accounts is referred to as clearing the accounts.
Dont forget two goals of closing: 1. Clear all temporary accounts in the ledger. 2. Update Capital to a new balance that reects a summary of all the temporary accounts. All numbers used in the closing process can be found on the worksheet in Figure 5-4 (page 176). Note that the account Income Summary is not on the worksheet.
Step 1: Clear Revenue Balances and Transfer to Income Summary

Here is what is in the ledger before closing entries are journalized and posted: Desktop Publishing Fees 411 8,000 Income Summary 313
The income statement section on the worksheet on page 176 shows that the Desktop Publishing Fees have a credit balance of $8,000. To close or clear this to zero in the ledger, a debit of $8,000 is needed. But if we add an amount to the debit side, we must also add a creditso we add $8,000 on the credit side of the Income Summary account.
Step 2: Expenses
Step 1: Revenue
Step 3: INCOME SUMMARY Net Income or Net Loss
FIGURE 5-3 Four Steps in Journalizing Closing Entries
Step 4: Withdrawals
Capital
175
FIGURE 5-4 Closing Figures on the Worksheet

Account Titles Cash Accounts Receivable Office Supplies Prepaid Rent Desktop Publishing Equipment Accounts Payable Brenda Clark, Capital Brenda Clark, Withdrawals Desktop Publishing Fees Office Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Telephone Expense
Income Statement Dr. Cr.
Balance Sheet Dr. Cr.

6 1 5 5 00 5 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 00 8 0 0 00 6 0 0 0 00 3 3 5 0 00 10 0 0 0 00 6 2 5 00
For Step 1 For Step 2

8 0 0 0 00 1 6 5 0 00 2 5 0 00 2 2 0 00
For Step 4
Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Exp., DTP Equip. Accum. Amort., DTP Equip. Salaries Payable Net Income
5 0 0 00 4 0 0 00 8 0 00
For Step 3
3 1 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00 8 0 0 0 00 8 0 0 0 00 8 0 0 0 00 18 6 8 0 00 18 6 8 0 00
8 0 00 3 5 0 00 13 7 8 0 00 4 9 0 0 00 18 6 8 0 00
The following is the journalized closing entry for step 1:

May 31 Desktop Publishing Fees Income Summary To close income account 411 313 8 0 0 0 00 8 0 0 0 00
This is what Desktop Publishing Fees and Income Summary should look like in the ledger after step 1 closing entries are journalized and posted: Desktop Publishing Fees 411 8,000 8,000 Closing Revenue Income Summary 313 8,000 Revenue
Note that the revenue balance is cleared to zero and transferred to Income Summary, a temporary account also located in the ledger.
Step 2: Clear Individual Expense Balances and Transfer the Total to Income Summary
Here is what is in the ledger for each expense before step 2 closing entries are journalized and posted. Each expense is listed on the worksheet in the debit column of the income statement section as above. Ofce Salaries Expense 511 650 650 350
176
CHAPTER 5
Advertising Expense 512 250
Telephone Expense 513 220 Rent Expense 515 400
Ofce Supplies Expense 514 500 Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment 516 80
The income statement section of the worksheet lists all the expenses as debits. If we want to reduce each expense to zero, each one must be credited. The following is the journalized closing entry for step 2:
The $3,100 is the total of the expenses on the worksheet.
31 Income Summary Office Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Telephone Expense Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment To close expense accounts 313 511 512 513 514 515 516 3 1 0 0 00 1 6 5 0 00 2 5 0 00 2 2 0 00 5 0 0 00 4 0 0 00 8 0 00
This is what individual expense accounts and the Income Summary should look like in the ledger after step 2 closing entries are journalized and posted: Ofce Salaries Expense 511 650 Closing 1,650 650 350 Telephone Expense 513 220 Closing 220 Advertising Expense 512 250 Closing 250
Ofce Supplies Expense 514 500 Closing 500
Rent Expense 515 400

Remember, the worksheet is a tool. The accountant realizes that the information about the total of the expenses will be transferred to Income Summary.
Amortization Expense 516 400 80 Closing 80
Closing
Income Summary 313 Expenses Revenue Step 2 3,100 8,000 Step 1
Step 3: Clear Balance in Income Summary (Net Income) and Transfer It to Capital
This is how the Income Summary and Brenda Clark, Capital, accounts look before step 3: Income Summary 313 3,100 8,000
4,900
Brenda Clark, Capital 311 10,000
Note that the balance of Income Summary (Revenue minus Expenses, or $8,000 $3,100) is $4,900. That is the amount we must clear from the Income Summary account and transfer to the Brenda Clark, Capital, account.
177
The opposite would take place if the business had a net loss.
In order to transfer the balance of $4,900 from Income Summary (check the bottom of the debit column of the income statement section on the worksheet; see Figure 5-4) to Capital, it will be necessary to debit Income Summary for $4,900 (the difference between the revenue and expenses) and credit or increase Capital of Brenda Clark with $4,900. This is the journalized closing entry for step 3:
31 Income Summary Brenda Clark, Capital Transfer profit for period to Capital acct. 313 311 4 9 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00
At the end of these three steps, Income Summary has a zero balance. If we had a net loss the end result would be to decrease capital. The entry would be to debit Capital and credit Income Summary for the loss.
This is what the Income Summary and Brenda Clark, Capital, accounts will look like in the ledger after step 3 closing entries are journalized and posted:
Total of expenses Debit to close account
Income Summary 313 3,100 4,900 8,000 4,900

Revenue Net income
Brenda Clark, Capital 311 10,000 4,900

Net income
Step 4: Clear the Withdrawals Balance and Transfer It to Capital

Todays accounting software handles the closing process easily. However, accountants usually have to do step 4 separately.
Next, we must close the Withdrawals account. The Brenda Clark, Withdrawals, and Brenda Clark, Capital, accounts now look like this: Brenda Clark, Withdrawals 312 625 Brenda Clark, Capital 311 10,000 4,900
To bring the Withdrawals account to a zero balance, and summarize its effect on Capital, we must credit Withdrawals and debit Capital. Remember, withdrawals are a non-business expense and thus not transferred to Income Summary. The closing entry is journalized as follows:
31 Brenda Clark, Capital 311 Brenda Clark, Withdrawals 312 Transfer withdrawals to Capital account 6 2 5 00 6 2 5 00
Note that the $10,000 is a beginning balance since no additional investments were made during the period.
At this point the Brenda Clark, Withdrawals, and Brenda Clark, Capital, accounts would look like this in the ledger: Brenda Clark, Withdrawals 312 625 Closing 625 Brenda Clark, Capital 311 625
Withdrawals
10,000
Beginning balance
4,900
Net income
178
CHAPTER 5
CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Title and Description 2004 May 31 Desktop Publishing Fees Income Summary To close income account 31 Income Summary Office Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Telephone Expense Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Expense, DTP Equipment To close expense accounts 31 Income Summary Brenda Clark, Capital Transfer profit to capital 31 Brenda Clark, Capital Brenda Clark, Withdrawals Transfer withdrawals to capital
Post. Ref. 411 313
Dr. 8 0 0 0 00
Cr. 8 0 0 0 00
313 511 512 513 514 515 516
3 1 0 0 00 1 6 5 0 00 2 5 0 00 2 2 0 00 5 0 0 00 4 0 0 00 8 0 00
313 311
4 9 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00
311 312
6 2 5 00 6 2 5 00
Now lets look at a summary of the closing entries. The complete ledger for Clarks Desktop Publishing Services is shown in Figure 5-5 beginning on this page. Note that the word adjusting or closing is written in the explanation column of individual ledgers, as for example in the one for Ofce Supplies. If the goals of closing have been achieved, only permanent accounts will have balances carried to the next scal year. All temporary accounts should have zero balances.
CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES GENERAL LEDGER
Cash Date 2004 May 1 1 1 7 11 20 25 28 29 Explanation Post. Debit Ref. GJ1 1 0 0 0 000 GJ1 GJ1 GJ1 3 0 0 000 GJ1 GJ1 GJ2 GJ2 GJ2 Credit 1 0 0 0 00 1 2 0 0 00 6 5 0 00 6 2 5 00 6 5 0 00 2 5 0 0 00 2 2 0 00
Account No. 111

DR
or
CR
FIGURE 5-5 Complete Ledger
DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR
Balance 1 0 0 0 000 9 0 0 000 7 8 0 000 1 0 8 0 000 1 0 1 5 000 9 5 2 500 8 8 7 500 6 3 7 500 6 1 5 500
179
(FIGURE 5-5 cont.)

Accounts Receivable Date 2004 May 22 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1
DR
Acct. No. 112 Debit 5 0 0 0 00 Credit

or
CR
DR
Balance 5 0 0 0 00
Office Supplies Date Explanation 2004 May 3 31 Adjusting Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 114 Debit 6 0 0 00 Credit 5 0 0 00

or
CR
DR DR
Balance 6 0 0 00 1 0 0 00
Prepaid Rent Date Explanation 2004 May 1 31 Adjusting Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 115 Debit 1 2 0 0 00 Credit 4 0 0 00

or
CR
DR DR
Balance 1 2 0 0 00 8 0 0 00
Desktop Publishing Equipment Date 2004 May 1 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1
DR
Acct. No. 121 Debit 6 0 0 0 00 Credit

or
CR
DR
Balance 6 0 0 0 00
Accumulated Amortization, Desktop Publishing Equipment Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Adjusting Post. Ref. GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 122 Credit 8 0 00

or
Debit
CR
CR
Balance 8 0 00
Accounts Payable Date 2004 May 1 3 18 28 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1 GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 211 Debit Credit 5 0 0 0 00 6 0 0 00 2 5 0 00

or
CR
2 5 0 0 00
CR CR CR CR
Balance 5 0 0 0 00 5 6 0 0 00 5 8 5 0 00 3 3 5 0 00
180
CHAPTER 5
Salaries Payable Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Adjusting Post. Ref. GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 212 Debit Credit 3 5 0 00

or
CR
CR
Balance 3 5 0 00
Brenda Clark, Capital Date Explanation 2004 May 1 31 Closing (Net Income) 31 Closing (Withdrawals) Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 311 Debit Credit 10 0 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00

or
CR
6 2 5 00
CR CR CR
Balance 10 0 0 0 00 14 9 0 0 00 1 4 2 7 5 00
Note that this is the same ending balance as on page 142.
Brenda Clark, Withdrawals Date Explanation 2004 May 20 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR

or
CR
DR
Balance 6 2 5 00 0
Income Summary Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Closing (Revenue) 31 Closing (Expense) 31 Closing (Net Income) Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 313 Debit 3 1 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00 Credit 8 0 0 0 00

or
CR
CR CR
Balance 8 0 0 0 00 4 9 0 0 00 0
Desktop Publishing Fees Date 2004 May 7 22 31 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 411 Debit Credit 3 0 0 0 00 5 0 0 0 00

or
CR
CR CR
Closing
8 0 0 0 00
Balance 3 0 0 0 00 8 0 0 0 00 0
Office Salaries Expense Date Explanation 2004 May 11 25 31 Adjusting 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2 GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 511 Debit 6 5 0 00 6 5 0 00 3 5 0 00 Credit

or
CR
DR DR DR 1 6 5 0 00
Balance 6 5 0 00 1 3 0 0 00 1 6 5 0 00 0
181
(FIGURE 5-5 cont.)
Advertising Expense Date Explanation 2004 May 18 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR

or
CR
DR
Balance 2 5 0 00 0
Telephone Expense Date Explanation 2004 May 29 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2
DR

or
CR
DR
Balance 2 2 0 00 0
Office Supplies Expense Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Adjusting 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2
DR

or
CR
DR
Balance 5 0 0 00 0
Rent Expense Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Adjusting 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2
DR

or
CR
DR
Balance 4 0 0 00 0
Amortization Expense, Desktop Publishing Equipment Date Explanation 2004 May 31 Adjusting Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 516 Credit 8 0 00

or
Debit 8 0 00
CR
DR
Balance 8 0 00 0
182
CHAPTER 5

Dene closing. (p. 174) Differentiate between temporary (nominal) and permanent (real) accounts.
(p. 174)
List the four mechanical steps of closing. (p. 175) Explain the role of the Income Summary account. (p. 175) Explain the role of the worksheet in the closing process. (p. 175)

(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-2 and 5-3 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) Go to the worksheet for P. Logan on page 140. Then (1) journalize and post the closing entries and (2) calculate the new balance for P. Logan, Capital.

Closing Entries Dec. 31 Revenue from Clients Income Summary To close income account 31 Income Summary Rent Expense Salaries Expense Amortization Expense, Store Equipment Insurance Expense Supplies Expense To close expense accounts 31 Income Summary P. Logan, Capital Transfer net income to Capital accounts 31 P. Logan, Capital P. Logan, Withdrawals Transfer withdrawals to Capital accounts
410 312
2 5 00 2 5 00
312 518 512 510 516 514
2 0 00 2 00 1 1 00 1 00 2 00 4 00
312 310
5 00 5 00
310 311
3 00 3 00
PARTIAL LEDGER P. Logan, Capital 310 3 14 5

16
Revenue from Clients 410 25 25
Supplies Expense 514 4 4
P. Logan, Withdrawals 311 3 3
Amortization Expense, Store Equipment 510 1 1
Insurance Expense 516 2 2

183
Income Summary 312 20 25 5

Quiz Tip No calculations are needed in the closing process. All numbers come from the worksheet. Income summary is a temporary account in the ledger.
Salaries Expense 512 11 11
Rent Expense 518 2 2
P. Logan, Capital Net Income Less: Withdrawals Increase in Capital P. Logan, Capital (ending)
$14 $5 3 2 $16
LEARNING UNIT 5-3

The Post-Closing Trial Balance: Step 9 of the Accounting Cycle and the Accounting Cycle Reviewed
PREPARING A POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE

The post-closing trial balance helps prove the accuracy of the adjusting and closing process. It contains the true ending gure for capital.
The last step in the accounting cycle is the preparation of a post-closing trial balance (sometimes called an opening trial balance), which lists only permanent accounts in the ledger and their balances after adjusting and closing entries have been posted. This post-closing trial balance aids in checking whether the ledger is in balance. It is important to do this checking because so many new postings go to the ledger from the adjusting and closing process. The procedure for taking a post-closing trial balance is the same as for a trial balance, except that, since closing entries have closed all temporary accounts, the post-closing trial balance will contain only permanent accounts (balance sheet). Keep in mind, however, that adjustments have occurred.
THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE REVIEWED

Table 5-1 lists the steps we completed in the manual accounting cycle for Clarks Desktop Publishing Services for the month of May. Insight: Most companies journalize and post adjusting and closing entries only at the end of their scal year. A company that prepares interim reports may complete only the rst six steps of the cycle. Worksheets allow the preparation of interim reports without the formal adjusting and closing of the books. Insight: To prepare a nancial report for April, the data needed can be obtained by subtracting the worksheet accumulated totals for the end of March from the worksheet prepared at the end of April. In this chapter, we chose a month that would show the completion of an entire cycle for Clarks Desktop Publishing Services.
184
CHAPTER 5
Table 5-1 Steps of the Manual Accounting Cycle

Step 1. Business transactions occur and generate source documents. 2. Analyze and record business transactions into a journal. 3. Post or transfer information from journal to ledger. 4. Prepare a trial balance. Explanation Source documents are cash register tapes, sales tickets, bills, cheques, payroll cards, etc. Called journalizing Copying the debits and credits of the journal entries into the ledger accounts Summarizing each individual ledger account and listing these accounts and their balances to test for mathematical accuracy in recording transactions A multicolumn form that summarizes accounting information to complete the accounting cycle Income statement, statement of owners equity, and balance sheet Use gures in the adjustment columns of worksheet. Use gures in the income statement and balance sheet sections of worksheet. Prove the mathematical accuracy of the adjusting and closing process of the accounting cycle.
5. Prepare a worksheet.
6. Prepare nancial statements. 7. Journalize and post adjusting entries. 8. Journalize and post closing entries. 9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.

Prepare a post-closing trial balance. (p. 184) Explain the relationship of interim reports to the accounting cycle. (p. 184)

(The blank forms you need are on page 5-3 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) From the ledger on pages 179 to 182, prepare a post-closing trial balance.
185

CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE MAY 31, 2004
Dr. 6 1 5 5 00 Cash 5 0 0 0 00 Accounts Receivable 1 0 0 00 Office Supplies 8 0 0 00 Prepaid Rent 6 0 0 0 00 Desktop Publishing Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Desktop Publishing Equipment Accounts Payable Salaries Payable Brenda Clark, Capital 1 8 0 5 5 00 Totals
Cr.
8 0 00 3 3 5 0 00 3 5 0 00 1 4 2 7 5 00 1 8 0 5 5 00
The post-closing trial balance contains only permanent accounts because all temporary accounts have been closed. All temporary accounts are summarized in the capital account.
Payroll Register and compared the he doorbell rang at 1 a.m. The total to the Salaries Payable account. cavalry has arrived! said the LOSING IME It didnt match! Remember, you hired giant in the doorway. Maria Sanchez on the 26th, so you Youre a real friend in need, have to increase both the Salaries Lou, said Fred gratefully, as he Expense and the Salaries Payable opened the door. Ive been over and lines, because she has accrued over this, and I cant get it to balance. wages. Salaries Expense is a debit And my monthly closing is due to and Salaries Payable is a credit. You Dwayne at noon tomorrow! I hate skipped the payable. Now,if you to bother you so late, but. . . . Fred make this adjusting entry in the had called Lou Jacobs, his roommate General Journal, the worksheet will balance. at Dunkin Donuts University. Lou had ridden hard to Freds sigh of relief turned into a big yawn, and the rescueone and a half hours on the expressway. they both laughed. Thank heavens you stayed awake You look as if you havent slept in days, Fred, in accounting class! said Fred, with another huge interrupted Lou. This is what friends are for. Let me yawn. at those accounts! You put a pot of coffee on. Ill start with payroll, because you hired someone this month. Dunkin Donuts company policy calls for a closing ISCUSSION UESTIONS before noon on the last Saturday every month. This 1. How would the adjustment be made if Maria way comparisons between shops are most valid. Sanchez received $6.50 per hour and worked 25 Dunkin Donuts University stresses to all shop owners hours? Where would you place her accrued wages? that the monthly closing grows more difcult as the 2. Fred bought six new uniforms for Maria Sanchez year progresses. Errors become harder to find, and for $72 each, but forgot to post this to the accuracy becomes ever more critical. There is, Uniforms account. How much will the closing unfortunately, no set way to nd errors, and even no set balance be off? In what way will it be off? place to start. Lou chose payroll because it is one of the largest expenses and because of the new hire. 3. Why does Dunkin Donuts require a monthly At 2:45 a.m. Lou woke Fred, who was dozing. I closing from each shop, no matter how muchor think Ive got it, Fred! It looks like you messed up on littlebusiness each one does? adjusting the Salaries Expense account. I looked at the
186
CHAPTER 5
Chapter
Review COMPREHENSIVE DEMONSTRATION PROBLEM WITH

SOLUTION TIPS
(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-4 to 5-10 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) From the following transactions for Rolo Company, complete the entire accounting cycle. The chart of accounts includes:
Assets 111 Cash 112 Accounts Receivable 114 Prepaid Rent 115 Ofce Supplies 121 Ofce Equipment 122 Accumulated Amortization, Ofce Equipment Liabilities 211 Accounts Payable 212 Salaries Payable Owners Equity 311 R. Kern, Capital 312 R. Kern, Withdrawals 313 Income Summary Revenue 411 Fees Earned Expenses 511 Salaries Expense 512 Advertising Expense 513 Rent Expense 514 Ofce Supplies Expense 515 Amortization Expense, Ofce Equipment
We will use unusually small numbers to simplify calculation and emphasize the theory. 2004 Jan. 2 Rolo Kern invested $1,200 cash and $100 worth of ofce equipment to open Rolo Co. 2 Paid rent for three months in advance, $300. 4 Purchased ofce equipment on account, $50. 6 Bought ofce supplies for cash, $40. 8 Collected $400 for services rendered. 12 Rolo paid his home electric bill from the company bank account, $20. 14 Provided $100 worth of services to clients who will not pay until next month. 16 Paid salaries, $60. 18 Advertising bill for $70 was received but will not be paid until next month.
Adjustment Data on January 31 a. b. c. d. Supplies on Hand Rent Expired Amortization, Ofce Equipment Salaries Accrued $6 $100 $20 $50
187
Journalizing Transactions and Posting to Ledger, Rolo Company

General Journal Date 2004 Jan. 2 Account Titles and Description Cash Office Equipment R. Kern, Capital Initial investment Prepaid Rent Cash Rent paid in advance3 months Office Equipment Accounts Payable Purchased equipment on account Office Supplies Cash Supplies purchased for cash Cash Fees Earned Services rendered R. Kern, Withdrawals Cash Personal payment of a bill Accounts Receivable Fees Earned Services rendered on account Salaries Expense Cash Paid salaries Advertising Expense Accounts Payable Advertising bill, but not paid PR 111 121 311 Dr. 1 2 0 0 00 1 0 0 00 1 3 0 0 00 Page 1 Cr.
114 111
3 0 0 00 3 0 0 00
121 211
5 0 00 5 0 00
115 111
4 0 00 4 0 00
111 411
4 0 0 00 4 0 0 00
12
312 111
2 0 00 2 0 00
14
112 411
1 0 0 00 1 0 0 00
16
511 111
6 0 00 6 0 00
18
512 211
7 0 00 7 0 00
Solution Tips to Journalizing and Posting Transactions

Jan. 2
Cash Ofce Equipment R. Kern, Capital Asset Asset Capital Dr. Dr. Cr. $1,200 $ 100 $1,300
Jan. 2
Prepaid Rent Cash
Asset Asset
Dr. Cr.
$ $
300 300
188
CHAPTER 5
Jan. 4
Ofce Equipment Accounts Payable
Asset Liability
Dr. Cr.
$ $
50 50
Jan. 6
Ofce Supplies Cash
Asset Asset
Dr. Cr.
$ $
40 40
Jan. 8
Cash Fees Earned
Asset Revenue
Dr. Cr.
$ 400 $ 400
Jan. 12
R. Kern, Withdrawals Owners Equity (Withdr.) Cash Asset
Dr. Cr.
$ $
20 20
Jan. 14
Accounts Receivable Fees Earned
Asset Revenue
Dr. Cr.
$ 100 $ 100
Jan.16
Salaries Expense Cash
Expense Asset
Dr. Cr.
$ $
60 60
Jan. 18
Advertising Expense Accounts Payable
Expense Liability
Dr. Cr.
$ $
70 70
Note: All account titles come from the chart of accounts. When journalizing, the PR column of the general journal is blank. It is in the posting process that we update the ledger. The Post. Ref. column in the ledger accounts tells us from which journal page the information came. After posting to the account in the ledger, we ll in the PR column of the journal, telling us to what account number the information was transferred.
COMPLETING THE WORKSHEET See the worksheet on page 190.
Solution Tips to the Trial Balance and Completion of the Worksheet

After the posting process is complete from the journal to the ledger, we take the ending balance in each account and prepare a trial balance on the worksheet. If an account title has no balance, it is not listed on the trial balance. New titles on the worksheet will be added below the trial balance as needed.
189
190
ROLO COMPANY WORKSHEET FOR MONTH ENDED JANUARY 31, 2004
CHAPTER 5
Account Titles
Adjustments Dr. Cr.
Adjusted Trial Balance Dr. Cr.
1 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 3 0 0 00 4 0 00 1 5 0 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 (A) 3 4 00 1 2 0 00 1 3 0 0 00 2 0 00 5 0 0 00 6 0 00 7 0 00 1 9 2 0 00 1 9 2 0 00 (D) 5 0 00 1 1 0 00 7 0 00 2 0 00 5 0 0 00 1 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 0 00 6 00 1 5 0 00 1 2 0 00 1 3 0 0 00
1 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 0 00 6 00 1 5 0 00 1 2 0 00 1 3 0 0 00 2 0 00 5 0 0 00 1 1 0 00 7 0 00
Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Office Supplies Office Equipment Accounts Payable R. Kern, Capital R. Kern, Withdrawals Fees Earned Salaries Expense Advertising Expense
(A) 3 4 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 (C) 2 0 00 (C) (D) 2 0 4 00 2 0 00 5 0 00 2 0 4 00
3 4 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 00 2 0 00 5 0 00 1 9 9 0 00 1 9 9 0 00
3 4 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 00 2 0 00 5 0 00 3 3 4 00 1 6 6 00 5 0 0 00 5 0 0 00 5 0 0 00 1 6 5 6 00 1 6 5 6 00 1 4 9 0 00 1 6 6 00 1 6 5 6 00
Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amort. Expense, Office Equip. Accum. Amort., Office Equip. Salaries Payable
Net Income
ADJUSTMENTS
The amount of ofce supplies on hand ($6) is not the adjustment. Need to calculate amount used up. Expired
Ofce Supplies Expense Ofce Supplies
Expense Asset
Dr. Cr.
$ 34 $ 34
($40
$6)
Rent Expense Prepaid Rent
Expense Asset
Dr. Cr.
$100 $100
Do not touch original cost of equipment.
Amort. Exp., Ofce Equip. Expense Accum. Amort., Ofce Equip. Asset (Contra)
Dr. Cr.
$ 20 $ 20
Owed but not paid
Salaries Expense Salaries Payable
Expense Liability
Dr. Cr.
$ 50 $ 50
Note: This information is on the worksheet but has not been updated in the ledger. (This will happen when we journalize and post adjustments at end of cycle.) Note that the last four columns of the worksheet come from numbers on the adjusted trial balance. We move Net Income of $166 to the balance sheet credit column, since the capital gure is the old one on the worksheet.
PREPARING THE FORMAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ROLO COMPANY INCOME STATEMENT FOR MONTH ENDED JANUARY 31, 2004
Revenue: Fees Earned Operating Expenses: Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Expense, Office Equipment Total Operating Expenses Net Income
$ 5 0 0 00
$ 1 1 0 00 7 0 00 3 4 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 00 3 3 4 00 $ 1 6 6 00
ROLO COMPANY STATEMENT OF OWNER'S EQUITY FOR MONTH ENDED JANUARY 31, 2004
R. Kern, Capital, January 1, 2004 Net Income for January Less: Withdrawals for January Increase in Capital R. Kern, Capital, January 31, 2004
$1 3 0 0 0 0 $ 1 6 6 00 2 0 00 1 4 6 00 $1 4 4 6 0 0
191
ROLO COMPANY BALANCE SHEET JANUARY 31, 2004
Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Office Supplies Office Equipment Less: Acc. Amort. Total Assets
$1 1 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 00 2 0 0 00 6 00 $ 1 5 0 00 2 0 00 1 3 0 00 $1 6 1 6 0 0
Liabilities and Owner's Equity Liabilities: Accounts Payable Salaries Payable Total Liabilities Owner's Equity: R. Kern, Capital Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity
$ 1 2 0 00 5 0 00 $ 1 7 0 00 1 4 4 6 00 $1 6 1 6 0 0
Solution Tips to Preparing the Financial Statements

The statements are prepared from the worksheet. (Many of the ledger accounts are not up to date.) The income statement lists revenue and expenses. The net income gure of $166 is used to update the statement of owners equity. The statement of owners equity calculates a new gure for Capital, $1,446 (Beginning Capital + Net Income Withdrawals). This new gure is then listed on the balance sheet (Assets, Liabilities, and a new gure for Capital). JOURNALIZING AND POSTING ADJUSTING AND CLOSING ENTRIES See the journal at the top of page 193.
Solution Tips to Journalizing and Posting Adjusting and Closing Entries

ADJUSTMENTS The adjustments from the worksheet are journalized (same journal) and posted to the ledger. Now ledger accounts will be brought up to date. Remember, we have already prepared the nancial reports from the worksheet. Our goal now is to get the ledger up to date. CLOSING Note: Income Summary is a temporary account located in the ledger.
Goals
Where do I get my information for closing?
1. Adjust all temporary accounts in the ledger to zero balances. 2. Determine a new gure for capital in the ledger.
192
CHAPTER 5
General Journal Date Account Titles and Description Adjusting Entries Office Supplies Expense Office Supplies Supplies used Rent Expense Prepaid Rent Rent expired Amortization Expense, Office Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Office Equip. Estimated Amortization Salaries Expense Salaries Payable Accrued salaries PR Dr.
Page 2 Cr.
Jan. 31
514 115
3 4 00 3 4 00
31
513 114
1 0 0 00 1 0 0 00
31
515 122
2 0 00 2 0 00
31
511 212
5 0 00 5 0 00
Closing Entries Step 1 31 Fees Earned Income Summary To close income accounts Income Summary Salaries Expense Advertising Expense Office Supplies Expense Rent Expense Amortization Expense, Office Equipment To close expense accounts Income Summary R. Kern, Capital Transfer profit to Capital R. Kern, Capital R. Kern, Withdrawals Transfer withdrawals to Capital 411 313 5 0 0 00 5 0 0 00
Step 2
31
Closing
313 511 512 514 513 515
3 3 4 00 1 1 0 00 7 0 00 3 4 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 00
Step 3
31
313 311
1 6 6 00 1 6 6 00
Step 4
31
311 312
2 0 00 2 0 00
Steps in the Closing Process

Step 1: Close revenue to Income Summary. Step 2: Close individual expenses to Income Summary. Step 3: Close balance of Income Summary to Capital. (This really is the net income gure on the worksheet.) Step 4: Close balance of Withdrawals to Capital. All the journal closing entries are posted. (No new calculations are needed, since all gures are on the worksheet.) The result in the ledger is that all temporary accounts have a zero balance.
193
GENERAL LEDGER
Cash Date 2004 Jan. 2 2 6 8 12 16 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1 GJ1 G1 GJ1 GJ1
DR
Acct. No. 111 Debit 1 2 0 0 00 Credit 3 0 0 00 4000 4 0 0 00 2 0 00 6 0 00

or
Rolo Kern, Capital Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 2 31 Closing 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 311 Debit Credit 1 3 0 0 00 1 6 6 00

or
CR
DR. DR. DR. DR. DR. DR.
Balance 1 2 0 0 00 9 0 0 00 8 6 0 00 1 2 6 0 00 1 2 4 0 00 1 1 8 0 00
CR
2 0 00
CR. CR. CR.
Balance 1 3 0 0 00 1 4 6 6 00 1 4 4 6 00
Rolo Kern, Withdrawals Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 12 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 312 Debit 2 0 00 Credit 2 0 00

or
CR
DR.
Accounts Receivable Date 2004 Jan. 14 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1

DR
Acct. No. 112 Debit 1 0 0 00 Credit

or
Balance 2 0 00 0
CR
DR.
Balance 1 0 0 00 Income Summary Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Closing 31 Closing 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 313 Debit 3 3 4 00 1 6 6 00 Credit 5 0 0 00

or
CR
Prepaid Rent Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 2 31 Adjustment Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1
DR

or
CR. CR.
Balance 5 0 0 00 1 6 6 00 0
CR
DR. DR.
Balance 3 0 0 00 2 0 0 00 Fees Earned Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 8 14 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1 GJ2 Debit Credit 4 0 0 00 1 0 0 00
DR. CR.
Acct. No. 411 Balance 4 0 0 00 5 0 0 00 0
Office Supplies Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 6 31 Adjustment Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 115 Debit 4 0 00 Credit 3 4 00

or
CR. CR.
CR
DR. DR.
Balance 4 0 00 6 00
5 0 0 00
Salaries Expense Office Equipment Date 2004 Jan. 2 4 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1 Debit 1 0 0 00 5 0 00 Credit
DR. CR.
Acct. No. 511 Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2 GJ2 Debit 6 0 00 5 0 00 Credit
DR. CR.
Acct. No. 121 Balance 1 0 0 00 1 5 0 00
DR. DR.
Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 16 Closing 31 Adjusting 31 Closing
DR. DR. 1 1 0 00
Balance 6 0 00 1 1 0 00 0
Advertising Expense Accumulated Amortization, Office Equipment Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Adjustment Post. Ref. GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 512 Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ2 Debit 7 0 00 Credit 7 0 00

DR. CR.
Acct. No. 122 Debit Credit 2 0 00

or
CR
CR.
Balance 2 0 00
Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 18 31 Closing
DR.
Balance 7 0 00 0
Rent Expense Accounts Payable Date 2004 Jan. 4 18 Explanation Post. Ref. GJ1 GJ1
DR
Acct. No. 513 Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2 Debit 1 0 0 00 Credit 1 0 0 00

DR. CR.
Acct. No. 211 Debit Credit 5 0 00 7 0 00

or
CR
CR. CR.
Balance 5 0 00 1 2 0 00
Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Adjusting 31 Closing
DR.
Balance 1 0 0 00 0
Office Supplies Expense Salaries Payable Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Adjustment Post. Ref. GJ2
DR
Acct. No. 514 Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2 Debit 3 4 00 Credit 3 4 00

DR. CR.
Acct. No. 212 Debit Credit 5 0 00

or
CR
CR.
Balance 5 0 00
Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Adjusting 31 Closing
DR.
Balance 3 4 00 0
Amortization Expense, Office Equipment Date Explanation 2004 Jan. 31 Adjusting 31 Closing Post. Ref. GJ2 GJ2 Debit 2 0 00 Credit 2 0 00
DR. CR.
Acct. No. 515 Balance 2 0 00 0
DR.
194
CHAPTER 5
These are all permanent accounts.
ROLO CO. POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE JANUARY 31, 2004
Dr. Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Office Supplies Office Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Office Equipment Accounts Payable Salaries Payable R. Kern, Capital Total
1 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 2 0 0 00 6 00 1 5 0 00
Cr.
2 0 00 1 2 0 00 5 0 00 1 4 4 6 00 1 6 3 6 00 1 6 3 6 00
Solution Tips for the Post-Closing Trial Balance

The post-closing trial balance is a list of the ledger after adjusting and closing entries have been completed. Note the gure for capital $1,446 is the new gure. Beginning Capital Net Income Withdrawals Ending Capital $1,300 166 20 $1,446
Next accounting period we will enter new amounts in the Revenues, Expenses, and Withdrawals accounts. For now, the post-closing trial balance is made up only of permanent accounts.
SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS

Learning Unit 5-1
1. After formal nancial reports have been prepared, the ledger has still not been brought up to date. 2. Information for journalizing adjusting entries comes from the adjustments section of the worksheet.
Learning Unit 5-2

1. Closing is a mechanical process that is completed before the accountant can record transactions for the next scal year. 2. Assets, Liabilities, and Capital are permanent (real) accounts; their balances are carried over from one scal year to another. Withdrawals, Revenue, and Expenses are nominal (temporary) accounts; their balances are not carried over from one scal year to another. 3. Income Summary is a temporary account in the general ledger and does not have a normal balance. It will summarize revenue and expenses and transfer the balance to capital. Withdrawals do not go into Income Summary because they are not business expenses. 4. All information for closing can be obtained from the worksheet.
195
5. When closing is complete, all temporary accounts in the ledger will have a zero balance, and all this information will be updated in the Capital account. 6. Closing entries are usually done only at year-end. Interim reports can be prepared from worksheets that are prepared monthly, quarterly, etc.
Learning Unit 5-3

1. The post-closing trial balance is prepared from the ledger accounts after the adjusting and closing entries have been posted. 2. The accounts on the post-closing trial balance are all permanent accounts.
KEY TERMS
Adjusting journal entries Journal entries that are needed in order to update specic ledger accounts to reect correct balances at the end of an accounting period (p. 170) Closing The process of bringing the balances of all revenue, expense, and withdrawal accounts to zero, ready for a new scal year (p. 174) Closing journal entries Journal entries that are prepared to (a) reduce or clear all temporary accounts to a zero balance or (b) update capital to a new closing balance (p. 174) Income Summary A temporary account in the ledger that summarizes revenue and expenses and transfers its balance (net income or net loss) to capital. It does not have a normal balance. (p. 175) Nominal accounts See Temporary accounts (p. 174) Permanent accounts Accounts whose balances are carried over to the next scal year; examples: assets, liabilities, capital (p. 174) Post-closing trial balance The nal step in the accounting cycle that lists only permanent accounts in the ledger and their balances after adjusting and closing entries have been posted (p. 184) Real accounts See Permanent accounts (p. 174) Temporary accounts Accounts whose balances at the end of a scal year are not carried over to the next fiscal year. These accounts Revenue, Expenses, Withdrawals help to provide a new or ending gure for capital to begin the next scal year. Keep in mind that Income Summary is also a temporary account. (p. 174)
196
CHAPTER 5
BLUEPRINT OF THE CLOSING PROCESS FROM THE WORKSHEET

WORKSHEET Income Statement Dr. Exp. (2) X X X X X X X NI (3) Expenses Credit to close each individual expense XXX
2
Balance Sheet Dr. (4) Withdr. Cr.
Cr. (1) Rev.
Revenue Debit to close XXX

1
XXX
XXX
Income Summary Total of Expenses XXX Revenue XXX Debit to close (net income)* XXX XXX XXX
Capital Withdrawals XXX Beg. Capital XXX Net Income XXX

4
Withdrawals Credit to close XXX XXX
*If a net loss, it would require a credit to close.
The Closing Steps
1. Close revenue balances to Income Summary. 2. Close each individual expense and transfer the total of all expenses to Income Summary. 3. Transfer the balance in Income Summary (Net Income or Net Loss) to Capital. 4. Close Withdrawals to Capital.
QUESTIONS, MINI EXERCISES, EXERCISES, AND PROBLEMS

Discussion Questions
1. When a worksheet is completed, what balances are found in the general ledger? 2. Why must adjusting entries be journalized even though the formal reports have already been prepared? 3. Closing slows down the recording of next years transactions. Defend or reject this statement with supporting evidence. 4. What is the difference between temporary and permanent accounts?
197
5. What are the two major goals of the closing process? 6. List the four steps in closing. 7. What is the purpose of Income Summary and where is it located? 8. How can a worksheet aid the closing process? 9. What accounts are usually listed on a post-closing trial balance? 10. Closing entries are always prepared once a month. Agree or disagree. Why?
Mini Exercises
(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-11 and 5-12 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.)
Journalizing and Posting Adjusting Entries

1. Post the following adjusting entries (be sure to cross-reference back to the journal) that came from the Adjustment columns of the worksheet.
General Journal Date Dec. 31 Account Titles and Description Insurance Expense Prepaid Insurance Insurance expired Supplies Expense Store Supplies Supplies used Amortization Expense, Store Equipment Accum. Amortization, Store Equipment Estimated amortization Salaries Expense Salaries Payable Accrued salaries PR Dr. 6 00 6 00 Page 3 Cr.
31
3 00 3 00
31
7 00 7 00
31
4 00 4 00
LEDGER ACCOUNTS BEFORE ADJUSTING ENTRIES POSTED Prepaid Insurance 115 10 Store Supplies 116 15 Accumulated Amortization, Store Equipment 119 12 Salaries Payable 210 Insurance Expense 510
Amortization Expense, Store Equipment 512
Supplies Expense 514
Salaries Expense 516 7
198
CHAPTER 5
Closing Steps and Journalizing Closing Entries

2.
Worksheet IS Dr. (2) E X P E N S E S NI (3) Cr. Revenue (1) BS Dr. Cr. Withdrawals (4)
Goals of Closing 1. Temporary accounts in the ledger should have a zero balance. 2. New gure for capital is determined in closing.
Note: All closing can be done from the worksheet. Income Summary is a temporary
account in the ledger. From the above worksheet explain the four steps of closing. Keep in mind that each individual expense normally would be listed in the closing process.
Journalizing Closing Entries

3. From the following accounts, journalize the closing entries (assume that December 31 is the closing date). Mel Blanc, Capital 310 30 Mel Blanc, Withdrawals 312 6 Income Summary 314 Gas Expense 510 5 Advertising Expense 512 4 Amortization Expense, Taxi 516 6
Taxi Fare Income 410 18
Posting to Income Summary

4. Draw a T account of Income Summary and post to it all entries from question 3 that affect it. Is Income Summary a temporary or permanent account?
Posting to Capital
5. Draw a T account for Mel Blanc, Capital, and post to it all entries from question 3 that affect it. What is the nal balance of the capital account?
199
Exercises
(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-13 and 5-14 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) 5-1. From the adjustments section of a worksheet presented here, prepare adjusting journal entries for the end of December.
Journalizing adjusting entries
Adjustments Dr. Cr.
Prepaid Insurance Office Supplies Accumulated Amortization, Equipment Salaries Payable
(A) 9 0 0 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 (C) 4 0 0 00 (D) 1 0 0 00
Insurance Expense Office Supplies Expense Amortization Expense, Equipment Salaries Expense
(A) 9 0 0 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 (C) 4 0 0 00 (D) 1 0 0 00 1 4 0 0 00 1 4 0 0 00
Temporary versus permanent accounts
5-2. Complete this table by placing an X in the correct column for each item. Will Be Temporary Permanent Closed Example: Accounts Receivable 1. Income Summary 2. Melissa Bryant, Capital 3. Salary Expense 4. Melissa Bryant, Withdrawals 5. Fees Earned 6. Accounts Payable 7. Cash X
Closing entries
5-3. From the following T accounts, journalize the four closing entries on December 31, 2003. J. King, Capital 14,000 J. King, Withdrawals 4,000 Income Summary Rent Expense 5,000 Wages Expense 7,000 Insurance Expense 1,200 Amortization Expense, Ofce Equipment 900
Fees Earned 33,000

200
CHAPTER 5
Reconstructing closing entries
5-4. From the following posted T accounts, reconstruct the closing journal entries for December 31, 2005. M. Foster, Capital Withdrawals 100 2,000 (Dec. 1) 700 Net Income M. Foster, Withdrawals 100 Closing 100 Insurance Expense 50 Closing 50
Wages Expense 100 Closing 100
Income Summary Expenses 600 Revenue 1,300 700 Salon Fees Closing 1,300
Post-closing trial balance
Rent Expense 200 Closing 200
Amortization Expense, Equipment 250 Closing 250
1,300
5-5. From the following accounts (not in order), prepare a post-closing trial balance for Wey Co. on December 31, 2006. Note: These balances are before closing. Accounts Receivable Legal Library Ofce Equipment Repair Expense Salaries Expense 18,875 14,250 59,700 2,850 1,275 P. Wey, Capital P. Wey, Withdrawals Legal Fees Earned Accounts Payable Cash 63,450 1,500 $12,000 45,000 22,000
Group A Problems
(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-15 to 5-30 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) 5A-1. The following data are given for Lous Consulting Service of Vernon:
Review of preparing a worksheet and journalizing adjusting and closing entries Check Figure Net Income $4,780
Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Supplies Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Equipment Accounts Payable Lou Dobbs, Capital Lou Dobbs, Withdrawals Consulting Fees Earned Salaries Expense Telephone Expense Advertising Expense
LOU'S CONSULTING SERVICE TRIAL BALANCE JUNE 30, 2005
Dr.
2 0 0 0 0 00 6 5 0 0 00 4 0 0 00 1 5 0 0 00 3 0 0 0 00
Cr.
1 9 0 0 00 1 1 0 0 0 00 12 8 0 0 00 3 0 0 00 9 0 0 0 00 1 4 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 00 6 0 0 00 3 4 7 0 0 00
3 4 7 0 0 00
201
Adjustment Data a. Insurance expired, $300 b. Supplies on hand, $700 c. Amortization on equipment, $100 d. Salaries earned by employees but not to be paid until July, $200 Required 1. Prepare a worksheet. 2. Journalize adjusting and closing entries.
Journalizing and posting adjusting and closing entries, and preparing a post-closing trial balance Check Figure Post-Closing Trial Balance $3,504 Comprehensive review of the entire accounting cycle, Chapters 15
5A-2. Enter the beginning balance in each account in your working papers from the trial balance columns of the worksheet on page 203. Then (1) journalize and post adjusting and closing entries and (2) prepare from the ledger a postclosing trial balance for the month of March. 5A-3. As the bookkeeper of Petes Plowing of Fredericton, you have been asked to complete the entire accounting cycle for Pete from the following information: 2003 Jan. 1 1 4 6 8 12 20 26 28 29 30 Pete invested $7,000 cash and $6,000 worth of snow equipment in the plowing company. Paid rent in advance for garage space, $2,000. Purchased ofce equipment on account from Ling Corp., $7,200. Purchased snow supplies for $700 cash. Collected $15,000 from plowing local shopping centres. Pete Mack withdrew $1,000 from the business for personal use. Plowed North East Co. parking lots, payment not to be received until March, $5,000. Paid salaries to employees, $1,800. Paid Ling Corp. one-half amount owed for ofce equipment. Advertising bill was received from Bush Co. but will not be paid until March, $900. Paid telephone bill, $210.
Check Figure Net Income $15, 780
Adjustment Data a. Snow supplies on hand, $400 b. Rent expired, $600 c. Amortization on ofce equipment, $120 ($7,200 5 yr. $1,440/12 mo. $120) d. Amortization on snow equipment, $100 ($6,000 5 yr. $1,200/12 mo. $100) e. Accrued salaries, $190
202
CHAPTER 5
POTTER CLEANING SERVICE WORKSHEET FOR MONTH ENDED MARCH 31, 2004
Account Titles
(A) 1 8 0 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 8 6 0 00 2 2 4 00 5 4 0 00 4 6 0 00 4 6 8 0 00 1 4 4 0 00 2 6 4 00 1 9 6 00 1 6 0 00 6 3 0 4 00 6 3 0 4 00 (A) 1 8 0 00 (B) 1 0 0 00 (C) 1 5 0 00 (D) 1 6 0 00 5 9 0 00 5 9 0 00 6 6 1 4 00 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 1 5 0 00 (D) 1 6 0 00 1 6 0 0 00 2 6 4 00 1 9 6 00 1 6 0 00 (C) 1 5 0 00 4 0 0 00 5 2 0 00 1 4 4 00 2 7 2 0 00 4 0 0 00 3 4 0 00 4 4 00 2 7 2 0 00
Adjustments Dr. Cr.

4 0 0 00 3 4 0 00 4 4 00 2 7 2 0 00
1 0 1 0 00 2 2 4 00 5 4 0 00 4 6 0 00 4 6 8 0 00 1 6 0 0 00 2 6 4 00 1 9 6 00 1 6 0 00 1 8 0 00 1 0 0 00 1 5 0 00 1 6 0 00 6 6 1 4 00 4 6 8 0 00 4 6 8 0 00 3 9 6 4 00 3 9 6 4 00 2 6 5 0 00 2 0 3 0 00 4 6 8 0 00 4 6 8 0 00 4 6 0 00
Cash Prepaid Insurance Cleaning Supplies Auto Accum. Amortization Auto Accounts Payable B. Potter, Capital B. Potter, Withdrawals Cleaning Fees Salaries Expense Telephone Expense Advertising Expense Gas Expense
1 0 1 0 00 2 2 4 00 5 4 0 00
Insurance Expense Cleaning Supplies Expense Amortization Expense, Auto Salaries Payable
Net Income
1 6 0 00 1 9 3 4 00 2 0 3 0 00 3 9 6 4 00
203
Chart of Accounts Assets 111 Cash 112 Accounts Receivable 114 Prepaid Rent 115 Snow Supplies 121 Ofce Equipment 122 Accumulated Amortization, Ofce Equipment 123 Snow Equipment 124 Accumulated Amortization, Snow Equipment Liabilities 211 Accounts Payable 212 Salaries Payable Owners Equity 311 Pete Mack, Capital 312 Pete Mack, Withdrawals 313 Income Summary Revenue 411 Plowing Fees Expenses 511 Salaries Expense 512 Advertising Expense 513 Telephone Expense 514 Rent Expense 515 Snow Supplies Expense 516 Amortization Expense, Ofce Equipment 517 Amortization Expense, Snow Equipment
Group B Problems
(The blank forms you need are on pages 5-15 to 5-30 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) 5B-1.
Review of preparing a worksheet, and journalizing and closing entries
TO: FROM: RE:
Ron Ear Sue French Accounting Needs
Please prepare ASAP from the following information (attached) (1) a worksheet along with (2) journalized adjusting and closing entries.
Check Figure Net Income $3,530
LOU'S CONSULTING SERVICE TRIAL BALANCE JUNE 30, 2005
Dr. Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Supplies Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Equipment Accounts Payable Lou Dobbs, Capital Lou Dobbs, Withdrawals Consulting Fees Earned Salaries Expense Telephone Expense Advertising Expense
1 0 1 5 0 00 5 0 0 0 00 7 0 0 00 3 0 0 00 1 2 9 5 0 00
Cr.
4 0 0 0 00 5 7 5 0 00 1 5 1 5 0 00 4 0 0 00 5 2 0 0 00 4 5 0 00 7 0 00 8 0 00 3 0 1 0 0 00 3 0 1 0 0 00
204
CHAPTER 5
Adjustment Data a. Insurance expired, $100 b. Supplies on hand, $20 c. Amortization on equipment, $200 d. Salaries earned by employees but not due to be paid until July, $490
Journalizing and posting adjusting and closing entries, and preparing a post-closing trial balance Check Figure Post-Closing Trial Balance $3,294
5B-2. Enter the beginning balance in each account in your working papers from the trial balance columns of the worksheet on page 206. Then (1) journalize and post adjusting and closing entries and (2) prepare from the ledger a postclosing trial balance for the end of March. 5B-3. From the following transactions as well as additional data, complete the entire accounting cycle for Petes Plowing of Fredericton (use the chart of accounts on page 204). 2003 Jan. 1 1 4 6 8 12 20 24 26 28 29 To open the business, Pete invested $8,000 cash and $9,600 worth of snow equipment. Paid rent for ve months in advance, $3,000. Purchased ofce equipment on account from Russell Co., $6,000. Bought snow supplies, $350. Collected $7,000 for plowing during winter storm emergency. Pete paid his home telephone bill using a company cheque, $70. Billed Eastern Freight Co. for plowing fees earned but not to be received until March, $6,500. Advertising bill was received from Jones Co. but will not be paid until next month, $350. Paid salaries to employees, $1,800. Paid Russell Co. one-half of amount owed for ofce equipment. Paid telephone bill of company, $165.
Comprehensive review of entire accounting cycle, Chapters 15
Check Figure Net Income $9,610
Adjustment Data a. Snow supplies on hand, $200 b. Rent expired, $600 c. Amortization on ofce equipment ($6,000 d. Amortization on snow equipment ($9,600 e. Salaries accrued, $300
4 yr. $1,500 2 yr. $4,800
12 12
$125), $125 $400), $400
Group C Problems
(The forms you need are on pages 5-31 to 5-47 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) 5C-1.
Review of preparing a worksheet, and journalizing adjusting and closing entries Check Figure Net Income $4,081
TO: FROM: RE:
Max Vleeming Grace Friesen Accounting Procedures
Please prepare from the following information (attached) (1) a worksheet along with (2) journalized adjusting and closing entries for the year ending May 31, 2005.
205
206
POTTER CLEANING SERVICE WORKSHEET FOR MONTH ENDED MARCH 31, 2004
CHAPTER 5
Account Titles
(A) 2 0 0 00 (B) 6 0 0 00 6 6 0 00 6 7 4 00 2 4 8 0 00 6 0 0 00 3 7 0 0 00 2 0 0 0 00 2 8 4 00 2 7 6 00 2 6 0 00 7 5 1 4 00 7 5 1 4 00 (A) 2 0 0 00 (B) 6 0 0 00 (C) 1 5 0 00 (D) 1 7 5 00 1 1 2 5 00 1 1 2 5 00 7 8 3 9 00 2 0 0 00 6 0 0 00 1 5 0 00 1 7 5 00 7 8 3 9 00 (D) 1 7 5 00 2 1 7 5 00 2 8 4 00 2 7 6 00 2 6 0 00 6 0 0 00 3 7 0 0 00 (C) 1 5 0 00 1 7 2 4 00 3 5 0 00 8 0 0 00 1 2 2 0 00 1 7 2 4 00 1 5 0 00 2 0 0 00 1 2 2 0 00 8 1 0 00 6 7 4 00 2 4 8 0 00
Adjustments Dr. Cr.

1 7 2 4 00 1 5 0 00 2 0 0 00 1 2 2 0 00 8 1 0 00 6 7 4 00 2 4 8 0 00 6 0 0 00 3 7 0 0 00 2 1 7 5 00 2 8 4 00 2 7 6 00 2 6 0 00 2 0 0 00 6 0 0 00 1 5 0 00 3 9 4 5 00 3 9 4 5 00 3 7 0 0 00 2 4 5 00 3 9 4 5 00 3 8 9 4 00 2 4 5 00 4 1 3 9 00 1 7 5 00 4 1 3 9 00 4 1 3 9 00
Cash Prepaid Insurance Cleaning Supplies Auto Accumulated Amortization, Auto Accounts Payable B. Potter, Capital B. Potter, Withdrawals Cleaning Fees Salaries Expense Telephone Expense Advertising Expense Gas Expense
Insurance Expense Cleaning Supplies Expense Amortization Expense, Auto Salaries Payable
Net Loss
Adjustment Data a. Insurance expired, $298 b. Supplies on hand, $782 c. Amortization on storage equipment is based on the straight-line method, eightyear life, and a residual value of $2,000 d. Amortization on building is also straight-line, 25-year life, and a residual value of $20,000 e. Wages earned by employees but not due to be paid until June amounted to 42 hours at $18/hour plus 27 hours at $24/hour.
GRACE STORAGE COMPANY TRIAL BALANCE MAY 31, 2005
Debit Cash in Bank Prepaid Insurance Storage Supplies Storage Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Storage Equipment Building Accumulated Amortization, Building Accounts Payable Grace Friesen, Capital Grace Friesen, Withdrawals Storage Fees Revenue Wages Expense Utilities Expense Advertising Expense Totals
36 6 17 97 6 8 4 4 0 00 1 00 2 00 0 00
Credit
4 2 1 8 00 5 8 0 0 0 00 2 1 4 7 0 00 2 8 6 0 00 4 1 3 3 5 00 1 5 7 4 2 00 4 9 7 2 0 00 2 8 2 4 0 00 9 2 6 00 8 7 2 00 1 1 9 6 0 3 00 1 1 9 6 0 3 00
Journalizing and posting adjusting and closing entries, and preparing a post-closing trial balance Check Figure Post-Closing Trial Balance $29,505.71
5C-2. Refer to the worksheet for Olson Computer Repair Service of Brandon on page 208. The balances (from the trial balance column) in each account are already entered in your working papers. (1) Journalize and post adjusting and closing entries to each account in the ledger, and (2) prepare from the ledger a post-closing trial balance at the end of November. 5C-3. From the following transactions as well as additional data, please complete the entire accounting cycle for Martins Plumbing of Saskatoon (use a chart of accounts similar to the one on page 204). 2004 May 1 1 4 6 8 9 10 14 21 26 To open the business, Martin Atherton invested $10,000 cash and $5,400 worth of plumbing equipment. Paid rent for four months in advance, $2,400. Purchased ofce equipment on account from MacKenzie Co., $4,100. Bought plumbing supplies, $870. Collected $3,600 for plumbing services provided. Martin paid his home utility bill with a company cheque, $122. Billed Western Construction Co. for plumbing fees earned but not to be received until later, $9,600. Advertising bill was received from ABCD Radio Co. but is not to be paid until next month, $420. Received cheque from Western Construction Co. in partial payment of transaction dated May 10, $4,800. Paid salaries to employees, $2,650.
207
208
OLSON COMPUTER REPAIR SERVICE WORKSHEET NOVEMBER 30, 2003
CHAPTER 5
Account Titles
(A) 4 8 2 7 (C) 2 3 4 5 5 (D) 8 4 2 4 0 8 1 0 3 65 3 7 7 2 60 1 2 6 6 3 58 (B) 6 1 8 7 5 (F ) 2 4 3 0 0 2 6 0 0 00 1 6 4 5 8 70 ( F) 2 4 3 00 16 4 5 8 7 0 2 6 0 0 00 1 3 6 6 48 7 1 4 56 5 2 7 7 42 1 5 9 7 47 2 1 6 7 5 00 8 7 2 240 4 0 1 560 12 6 6 3 5 8 1 3 1 8 21 4 8 0 01 5 2 7 7 42 7 5 5 07 2 1 6 7 5 00
Adjustments Dr. Cr.

1 3 1 8 21 4 8 0 01 5 2 7 7 42 7 5 5 07 2 1 6 7 5 00 8 7 2 2 40 4 0 1 5 60 12 6 6 3 58 2 6 0 0 00 16 4 5 8 70
Cash Prepaid Insurance Accounts Receivable Repair Parts and Supplies Van Accumulated Amortization, Van Accounts Payable Sylvia Olson, Capital Sylvia Olson, Withdrawals Repair Revenue Advertising Expense Automotive Expense Cleaning Expense Miscellaneous Expense Postage and Office Expense Salaries Expense
(E) 4 2 0 00 4 0 9 9 8 53 (C) 2 3 4 5 5 (A ) 4 8 2 7 (B) 6 1 8 7 5 (E) 4 2 0 0 0 (D) 8 4 2 4 0 2 4 0 6 97 2 4 0 6 97 8 4 2 40 42 2 8 0 28 4 2 2 8 0 2 8 2 3 4 55 4 8 27 6 1 8 75 4 2 0 00 7 1 4 38 2 3 4 5 51 3 7 5 00 1 7 8 14 2 8 4 17 3 8 7 0 40 4 0 9 9 8 53 9 5 7 38 2 34551 3 7 5 00 1 7 8 14 2 8 4 17 4 2 9 0 40
9 5 7 38 2 3 4 5 51 3 7 5 00 1 7 8 14 2 8 4 17 4 2 9 0 40 2 3 4 55 4 8 27 6 1 8 75 4 2 0 00 8 4 2 40 16 4 5 8 70 1 0 1 7 4 57 6 2 8 4 13 1 6 4 5 8 70 16 4 5 8 70 3210571 3 2 1 0 5 71 2 5 8 2 1 58 6 2 8 4 13 32 1 0 5 71
Insurance Expense Bank Charges Expense Amortization Expense, Van Salaries Payable Supplies Expense
Net Income
Comprehensive review of the entire accounting cycle, Chapters 15
28 29 31
Paid MacKenzie Co. one-half of amount owed for office equipment, $2,050. Paid telephone bill of company, $184. Received bill from Georges Cleaning to be paid in June, $215.
Check Figure Net Income $7,850.67
Adjusting Data a. Plumbing supplies remaining at month-end were $328 b. One months rent expired in May c. Amortization on office equipment uses the straight-line method, a life of five years, and a residual value of $500 d. Amortization of plumbing equipment also uses the straight-line method, a life of three years, and zero residual value e. Salaries accrued amounted to 20% of the salaries paid on May 26
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS
(The forms you need are on page 5-48 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) 5R-1. Ann Humphrey needs a loan from her local bank to help nance her business. She has submitted to the bank the following unadjusted trial balance. As the loan ofcer, you will be meeting with Ann tomorrow. Could you make some specic written suggestions to Ann regarding her loan report? Cash in Bank Accounts Receivable Ofce Supplies Equipment Accounts Payable A. Humphrey, Capital Service Fees Salaries Utilities Expense Rent Expense Insurance Expense Advertising Expense Totals 770 1,480 3,310 7,606 684 8,000 17,350 11,240 842 360 280 146 26,034
26,034
5R-2. Janet Smothey is the new bookkeeper who replaced Dick Burns, owing to his sudden illness. Janet nds on her desk a note requesting that she close the books and supply the ending capital gure. Janet is upset, since she can nd only the following: a. Revenue and expense accounts were all zero balance. b. Income Summary 14,360 19,300 c. Owner withdrew $8,000. d. Owners beginning capital was $34,400. Could you help Janet accomplish her assignment? What written suggestions should Janet make to her supervisor so that this situation will not happen again?
209
YOU
make the call

Critical Thinking/Ethical Case
5R-3. Todd Silver is the purchasing agent for Moore Company. One of his suppliers, Gem Company, offers Todd a free vacation to France if he buys at least 75 percent of Moores supplies from Gem Company. Todd, who is angry because Moore Company has not given him a raise in over a year, is considering the offer. Write out your recommendation to Todd.
INTERNET EXERCISES
Exercise 1
www.tadonline.com The beginning of your accounting education is a good time to begin formulating your philosophy of how to do accounting work. By studying and learning you are also learning good work habits. The TADOnline Web site presents a section on Why Outsource Your Accounting. The discussion presents some good suggestions and may also cause you to reect on how people choose an accounting or bookkeeping rm. Use that discussion as a springboard and discuss what factors you believe affect a clients choice for someone to help them with their vital accounting records. TADOnline is not just around the corner. Is location an important factor in deciding who will do a businesss accounting?
Exercise 2
www.peachtree.com; www.quickbooks.com
Most businesses today are employing some type of computerized accounting system. Some business requirements are simple, and they use only a general ledger program. Others are much more complex and employ inventory modules and payroll modules, in addition to accounts receivable and accounts payable modules for tracking customer and vendor information. 1. Browse the two Web sits in this exercise. Compare and contrast the products by looking at information like these suggestions: a. What kind of output is available? b. How are the input systems similar? c. Does the program have an inventory module? d. At each site are there different products for different complexities in accounting systems? e. What online help is available? 2. Set up a visit to a local accounting rm. In addition to the two sample programs in this exercise ask them what they use in their ofces.
210
CHAPTER 5
C ONTINUING P ROBLEM
ony has decided to end the Eldorado Computer Centres first year as of September 30, 2004. Below is an updated chart of accounts.
Revenue 4000 Service Revenue Expenses 5010 Advertising Expense 5020 Rent Expense 5030 Utilities Expense 5040 Phone Expense 5050 Supplies Expense 5060 Insurance Expense 5070 Postage Expense 5080 Amortization Expense, Computer Shop Equipment 5090 Amortization Expense, Ofce Equipment
Assets 1000 1020 1025 1030 1080 1081
Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Supplies Computer Shop Equipment Accumulated Amortization Computer Shop Equipment 1090 Ofce Equipment 1091 Accumulated Amortization Ofce Equipment Liabilities 2000 Accounts Payable Owners Equity 3000 T. Freedman, Capital 3010 T. Freedman, Withdrawals 3020 Income Summary
Assignment (See pages 5-50 to 5-55 in your Study Guide with Working Papers.)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Journalize the adjusting entries from Chapter 4. Post the adjusting entries to the ledger. Journalize the closing entries. Post the closing entries to the ledger. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.
211
MINI
PRACTICE
SET
Valdez Realty
Reviewing the Accounting Cycle Twice
comprehensive review problem requires you to complete the accounting Thisreinforcing theRealty twice. This will all parts oftothe accounting cycle.toBy cycle for Valdez allow you review Chapters 1 5 while relationships among completing two cycles, you will see how the ending June balances in the ledger are used to accumulate data in July. (The blank forms you need are on pages 5-59 to 5-75 of the Study Guide with Working Papers.) First, examine the chart of accounts for Valdez Realty (below). On June 1 Juan Valdez opened a real estate ofce in Hamilton called Valdez Realty. The following transactions were completed for the month of June. Note that facsimile documents have been provided to illustrate these events:
#1, p. 213 #2, p. 213
2004 June
1 1
Juan Valdez invested $18,000 cash in the real estate agency along with $3,000 worth of ofce equipment. Rented ofce space and paid three months rent in advance, $2,100, cheque 601.
Valdez Realty Chart of Accounts Assets 111 112 114 115 121 122 123 124 Revenue 411 Commissions Earned Expenses 511 Rent Expense 512 Salaries Expense 513 Gas Expense 514 Repairs Expense 515 Telephone Expense 516 Advertising Expense 517 Ofce Supplies Expense 518 Amortization Expense, Ofce Equipment 519 Amortization Expense, Automobile 524 Miscellaneous Expense
Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Ofce Supplies Ofce Equipment Accumulated Amortization, Ofce Equipment Automobile Accumulated Amortization, Automobile
Liabilities 211 Accounts Payable 212 Salaries Payable Owners Equity 311 Juan Valdez, Capital 312 Juan Valdez, Withdrawals 313 Income Summary
212
CHAPTER 5
1.
2.
#3a & b, p. 214 #4, p. 214 #5a & b, p. 215 #6a & b, pp. 215 & 216 #7, p. 216 #8, p. 216 #9, p. 216 #10, p. 217 #11a & b, pp. 217 & 218 #12a & b, p. 218 #13a & b, p. 218 #14, p. 219 #15a & b, p. 219 #16, p. 220
2004 June
2 4 5 6 8 15 17 20 21 22 24 30 30 30
Bought a company automobile. Cheque 602, $12,000. Purchased ofce supplies. Wrote cheque 603, $300. Purchased additional ofce supplies on account, $150. Sold a house and collected a $6,000 commission. Paid gas bill for car, $22. Cheque 604. Paid the salary of the part-time ofce secretary, $350. Cheque 605. Sold a building lot and earned a commission, $6,500. Payment is to be received on July 8. Juan Valdez withdrew $1,000 from the business to pay personal expenses. Cheque 606. Sold a house and collected a $3,500 commission. Paid gas bill for car. $25. Cheque 607. Paid $600 to repair automobile. Cheque 608. Paid the salary of the part-time ofce secretary, $350. Cheque 609. Paid the June telephone bill, $510. Cheque 610. Received advertising bill for June, $1,200. The bill is to be paid on July 2.
213
3a.
3b.
4.
214
CHAPTER 5
5a.
5b.
6a.
215
6b.
7.
8.
9.
216
CHAPTER 5
10.
11a.
11b.
217
12.
13a.
13b.
218
CHAPTER 5
14.
15a.
15b.
219
16.
Required Work for June 1. Journalize transactions and post to ledger accounts. 2. Prepare a trial balance in the rst two columns of the worksheet and complete the worksheet using the following adjustment data: a. One months rent had expired b. An inventory shows $50 worth of ofce supplies remaining c. Amortization on ofce equipment, $100 d. Amortization on automobile, $200 3. Prepare a June income statement, statement of owners equity, and balance sheet. 4. From the worksheet, journalize and post adjusting and closing entries (page 3 of journal). 5. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. During July, Valdez Realty completed these transactions:
#17, p. 221 #18, p. 221 #19, p. 221 #20a & b, p. 222 #21, p. 222 #22, p. 223 #23, p. 223 #24, p. 224 #25, p. 224 #26a & b, pp. 224 & 225 #27, p. 225
2004 July
2 2 3 4 6 8 12 15 17 18 22 24 28 30 30 30
#28a & b, pp. 225 & 226 #29, p. 226 #30, p. 226 #31a & b, p. 227 #32, p. 227
Paid for June ofce supplies purchased on account, $150. Cheque 611. Purchased additional ofce supplies on account, $700. Paid advertising bill for June. Cheque 612. Sold a house and collected a commission, $6,600. Paid for gas for car, $29. Cheque 613. Collected commission from sale of building lot on June 17. Paid $300 to send employees to realtors workshop. Cheque 614. Paid the salary of the part-time ofce secretary, $350. Cheque 615. Sold a house and earned a commission of $2,400. Commission to be received on August 10. Sold a building lot and collected a commission of $7,000. Sent a cheque for $40 to help sponsor a local road race to aid the poor. (This is not to be considered an advertising expense, but it is a business expense.) Cheque 616. Paid for repairs to automobile, $590. Cheque 617. Juan Valdez withdrew $1,800 from the business to pay personal expenses. Cheque 618. Paid the salary of the part-time ofce secretary, $350. Cheque 619. Paid the July telephone bill, $236. Cheque 620. Advertising bill for July was received, $1,400. The bill is to be paid in August.
220
CHAPTER 5
17.
18.
19.
221
20a.
20b.
21.
222
CHAPTER 5
22.
23.
24.
223
25.
26a.
26b.
224
CHAPTER 5
27.
28a.
28b.
225
29.
30.
31a.
226
CHAPTER 5
31b.
32.
Required Work for July
1. Journalize transactions in a general journal (pages 4 and 5) and post to ledger accounts. 2. Prepare a trial balance in the rst two columns of the worksheet and complete the worksheet using the following adjustment data: a. One months rent had expired. b. An inventory shows $90 worth of ofce supplies remaining. c. Amortization on ofce equipment, $100 d. Amortization on automobile, $200 3. Prepare a July income statement, statement of owners equity, and balance sheet. 4. From the worksheet, journalize and post adjusting and closing entries (page 6 of journal). 5. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.
227
COMPUTER
WORKSHOP
Computerized Accounting Application for Valdez Realty Mini Practice Set (Chapter 5)
Closing Process and Post-Closing Trial Balance
efore starting the tasks BComputerizedon this assignment, read and completethe backenddiscussed in Parts A, B, and F of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting at of this book and complete the Accounting Application assignments at the of Chapter 3 and 4. This comprehensive review problem requires you to complete the accounting cycle for Valdez Realty twice. This will allow you to review Chapters 1 to 5 while reinforcing the relationships among all parts of the accounting cycle. By completing two cycles, you will see how the ending June balances in the ledger are used to accumulate data in July. You may refer to the facsimile documents shown beginning on page XXX as you complete this workshop.
PART A
Open the company data les
The June Accounting Cycle
Add your name to the company name
Record June transactions
On June 1, Juan Valdez opened a real estate ofce called Valdez Realty. 1. Start Simply Accounting . 2. Choose Select an existing company, then enter the following path: d:\student\valdez (if you are storing your student data les on drive D, otherwise substitute the correct drive letter for d) 3. Click Open; enter 6/30/04 into the Session text box; then click OK. Click OK in response to the message The date entered is more than one week past your previous Session date of 6/1/04. The Home (or Company) Window for Valdez will appear. 4. Click the Company Window Setup menu; then System Settings; and nally Company Information. The Company Information dialogue box will appear. Insert your name in place of the text Your Name in the Name text box. Click OK to return to the Company Window. Your instructor may suggest you do a File: Save As procedure here (using a different le name) to make it easier to start over if a mistake is made later on. 5. Open the General Journal dialogue box; then record the following journal entries (enter Memo into the Source text box for each transaction; then enter the date listed for each transaction): 2004 June 1 Juan Valdez invested $18,000 cash in the real estate agency along with $3,000 in ofce equipment. 1 Rented ofce space and paid three months rent in advance, $2,100. Cheque #601. 1 Bought a company automobile, $12,000. Cheque #602. 4 Purchased ofce supplies, $300. Cheque #603 5 Purchased additional ofce supplies on account, $150. 6 Sold a house and collected a $6,000 commission. 8 Paid gas bill for car, $22. Cheque #604. 15 Paid the salary of the ofce secretary, $350. Cheque #605. 17 Sold a building lot and earned a commission, $6,500. Expected receipt 7/8/04. 20 Juan Valdez withdrew $1,000 from the business to pay personal expenses. Cheque #606. 21 Sold a house and collected a $3,500 commission. 22 Paid gas bill for car, $25. Cheque #607. 24 Paid $600 to repair automobile. Cheque #608. 30 Paid the salary of the ofce secretary, $350. Cheque #609.
228
CHAPTER 5
Print reports.
Record June adjusting entries.
Print reports.
How to close the accounting records
30 Paid the June telephone bill, $510. Cheque #610. 30 Received advertising bill for June, $1,200.The bill is to be paid on 7/2/04. 6. After you have posted each of the journal entries, close the General Journal; then print the following reports: a. General Journal (By posting date, All ledger entries; Start: 6/1/04, Finish: 6/30/04). b. Trial Balance As at 6/30/04. Review your printed reports. If you have made an error in a posted journal entry, see Reversing an Entry Made in the General Journal Dialogue Box in Part C of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting for information on how to correct the error. 7. Open the General Journal; then record adjusting journal entries based on the following adjustment data (Source: Memo; Date: 6/30/04; Comment: Adjusting entry): a. One months rent has expired. b. An inventory shows $50 of ofce supplies remaining. c. Amortization on ofce equipment, $100. d. Amortization on automobile, $200. 8. After you have posted the adjusting journal entries, close the General Journal; then print the following reports: a. General Journal (By posting date, All ledger entries, Start: 6/1/04, Finish 6/30/04). b. Trial Balance As at 6/30/04. c. General Ledger Report (Start: 6/1/04, Finish: 6/30/04, Select All). d. Income Statement (Start: 6/1/04, Finish: 6/30/04). e. Balance Sheet As at 6/30/04. Review your printed reports. If you have made an error in a posted journal entry, see Reversing an Entry Made in the General Journal Dialogue Box in Part C of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting for information on how to correct the error. 9. Simply Accounting has the capability of performing the rst three steps of the closing process automatically. Done Step 1: Clear Revenue balance and transfer to Income Summary. automatically Step 2: Clear individual expense balances and transfer the total to by the Income Summary. program Step 3: Clear balance in Income Summary and transfer it to Capital. It does not have the capability of performing the fourth step of the closing process automatically, so you will need to record this closing journal entry.
You need to record this closing entry
Step 4:
Clear the Withdrawals balance and transfer it to Capital.
Record entry to close Withdrawals account.
Make a backup copy of June accounting records.
Important information about the closing process
10. Open the General Journal; then record the closing journal entry for Juan Valdezs Withdrawals account. 11. After you have posted the closing entry for Juan Valdezs Withdrawals account, close the General Journal to return to the Company Window. 12. Click the Company Window File menu; click Save as; then enter the following new le name into the File name text box: d:\student\valdjune. 13. Click Save. Note that the company name in the Company Window has changed from Valdez to Valdjune. Click the Company Window File menu again; then click Save As. Enter the following new file name into the File name text box: d:\student\valdez. 14. Click Save. Click Yes to conrm that you want to replace the existing le. Note that the company name in the Company Window has changed back from Valdjune to Valdez. 15. You now have two sets of company data files for Valdez Realty on hard disk. The current data is stored under the le name valdez.asc. The backup data for June is stored under the le name valdjune.asc. 16. The next instruction will ask you to advance the Session date to a new month. It is this procedure that instructs the program to complete the rst three steps in the closing process. It is important that you make a backup copy of a company data les prior to advancing the Session date to a new month. When you advance the Session date to
229
How to advance the Session Date
17.
18.
Print a Post-closing Trial Balance. Exit from the program. Complete the report transmittal.
19. 20. 21.
a rst new month of a new scal year, the program will permanently remove all journal entries from all journals and all individual postings of journal entries to the general ledger accounts. You will nd it difcult to display or print a General Journal or General Ledger report based on dates in the prior month, and you will not be able to record journal entries for dates in the prior month. If for some reason you need to print a General Journal or General Ledger, or record a transaction that occurred in the prior month, you can do so by using the backup copy of the companys data les that you created prior to advancing the Session date. See Part E of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting at the end of this book for information on how and when to use a backup copy of a companys data les. Click the Company Window Maintenance menu; then click Change Session Date. Click No in response to the question Would you like to back up now? Enter 7/1/04 into the New Session text box; then click OK. Click OK in response to the message You have entered both a new calendar quarter and a new fiscal year. If you proceed, the program will zero all employees quarter-to-date payroll information, move the current years data into last year, close all Revenue and Expense account balances into the Retained Earnings integration account, and set the new scal years dates. Print all employee reports and make a backup before proceeding. The warning message stated that the revenue and expense accounts would be closed to an account titled Retained Earnings. This is the account that corporations use to accumulate earnings. Valdez Realty is a sole proprietorship, and the program will correctly close the revenue and expense accounts to Income Summary and close Income Summary to the Juan Valdez, Capital, account even though the message used a different account name. The backup you created using the Save As method will serve as the backup suggested in the warning message. Print a Post-Closing Trial Balance As at 7/1/04. Click the Company Window File menu; then click Exit to end the current work session and return to your Windows desktop. Complete the Valdez Realty Report Transmittal for June located in Appendix A of your Study Guide with Working Papers.
PART B
Open the company data les.
The July Accounting Cycle
Modify the Fiscal End date.
Record July transactions.
1. Start Simply Accounting . 2. Choose Select an existing company, then enter (or choose) the following path: d:\student\valdez (if you are storing your student data les on drive D, otherwise substitute the correct drive letter for d) 3. Click Open; enter 7/31/04 into the Session text box; then click OK. Click OK in response to the message The date entered is more than one week past your previous Session date of 7/1/04. The Company Window for Valdez Realty will appear. 4. Click the Company Window Setup menu; then System Settings; and nally Company Information. The Company Information dialogue box will appear. Enter 7/31/04 as the new Fiscal end date; then click OK. 5. Open the General Journal dialogue box; then record the following journal entries (enter Memo into the Source text box for each transaction; then enter the Date listed for each transaction): 2004 July 1 1 2 3 6 8 12 15 17 18 Paid for June ofce supplies purchased on account, $150. Cheque #611. Purchased additional ofce supplies on account, $700. Paid advertising bill for June. Cheque #612. Sold a house and collected a commission, $6,600. Paid for gas expense for car, $29. Cheque #613. Collected commission from sale of building lot on 6/17/04. Paid $300 to send employees to realtors workshop. Cheque #614. Paid the salary of the ofce secretary, $350. Cheque #615. Sold a house and earned a commission of $2,400. Expected receipt 8/10/04. Sold a building lot and collected a commission of $7,000.
230
CHAPTER 5
Print reports.
6.
Record July adjusting entries.
7.
Print reports.
8.
Record entry to close Withdrawals account. Make a backup copy of July accounting records.
9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14.
Advance the Session Date.
15.
Print a Post-Closing Trial Balance. Exit from the program. Complete the Report Transmittal.
16. 17. 18.
22 Sent a cheque for $40 to help sponsor a local road race to aid the poor. (This is not to be considered an advertising expense, but it is a business expense.) 24 Paid for repairs to automobile, $590. Cheque #617. 28 Juan Valdez withdrew $1,800 from the business to pay personal expenses. Cheque #618. 30 Paid the salary of the ofce secretary, $350. Cheque #619. 30 Paid the July telephone bill, $590. Cheque #620. 30 Advertising bill for July, $1,400.The bill is to be paid in August. After you have posted each of the journal entries, close the General Journal; then print the following reports: a. General Journal (By posting date, All ledger entries, Start; 7/1/04, Finish: 7/31/04). b. Trial Balance As at 7/31/04. Review your reports. If you have made an error in a posted journal entry, see Reversing an Entry Made in the General Journal Dialogue Box in Part C of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting for information on how to correct the error. Open the General Journal; then record adjusting journal entries based on the following adjustment data (Source: Memo; Date: 7/31/04; Comment: Adjusting entry): a. One months rent has expired. b. An inventory shows $90 of ofce supplies remaining. c. Amortization on ofce equipment, $100. d. Amortization on automobile, $200. After you have posted the adjusting journal entries, close the General Journal; then print the following reports: a. General Journal (By posting date, All ledger entries, Start: 7/1/04, Finish: 7/31/04). b. Trial Balance As at 7/31/04. c. General Ledger Report (Start: 7/1/04, Finish: 7/31/04, Select All). d. Income Statement (Start: 7/1/04, Finish: 7/31/04). e. Balance Sheet As at 7/31/04. Review your reports. If you have made an error in a posted journal entry, see Reversing an Entry Made in the General Journal Dialogue Box in Part C of Appendix B: Computerized Accounting for information on how to correct the error. Record the closing journal entry for Juan Valdezs Withdrawals account. After you have posted the closing entry for Juan Valdezs Withdrawals account, close the General Journal to return to the Company Window. Click the Company Window File menu; click Save As; then enter the following new le name into the File name text box: d:\student\\valdjuly. Click Save. Note that the company name in the Company Window has changed from Valdez to Valdjuly. Click the Company Window File menu again; then click Save As. Enter the following new le name into the File name text box: d:\student\valdez. Click Save. Click Yes in response to the question Replace existing data les? Note that the company name in the Company Window has changed back from Valdjuly to Valdez. You now have three sets of company data les for Valdez Realty on your hard disk. The current data is stored under the le name valdez. The backup data for June is stored under the file name valdjune and the backup data for July is stored under the file name valdjuly. Click the Company Window Maintenance menu; then click Advance session date. Click No in response to the question Would you like to back up now? Enter 8/1/04 into the New Session Date text box; then click OK. Click OK in response to the warning message. The backup you created using the Save As method will serve as the backup suggested in the warning message. Print a Post-Closing Trial Balance As at 8/1/04. Click the Company Window File menu; then click Exit to end the current work session and return to your Windows desktop. Complete the Valdez Realty Report Transmittal for July located in Appendix A of your Study Guide with Working Papers.
231

The Accounting Cycle Completed: HE IG Icture

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The Accounting Cycle Completed

THE BIG PICTURE

ADJUSTING, CLOSING, AND POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:

LEARNING UNIT 5-1

RECORDING JOURNAL ENTRIES FROM THE WORKSHEET

At this point, many ledger accounts are not up to date.

Purpose of adjusting entries.

CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES GENERAL JOURNAL

Page 2 Date Account Titles and Description PR Dr. Cr.

FIGURE 5-1 Adjusting Journal Entries

Trial Balance Dr. Cr.

Adjustments Dr. Cr.

21 3 5 0 00 (A) 5 0 0 00 (B) 4 0 0 00 (C) 8 0 00 (C) 8 0 00

THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE COMPLETED

Ofce Supplies Expense 514 500

Rent Expense 515 400

Salaries Payable 212 350

LEARNING UNIT 5-1 REVIEW

adjusting entries. (p. 172)

SELF-REVIEW QUIZ 5-1

Solution to Self-Review Quiz 5-1

THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE COMPLETED

LEARNING UNIT 5-2

HOW TO JOURNALIZE CLOSING ENTRIES

Sometimes, closing the accounts is referred to as clearing the accounts.

Step 1: Clear Revenue Balances and Transfer to Income Summary

Step 3: INCOME SUMMARY Net Income or Net Loss

FIGURE 5-3 Four Steps in Journalizing Closing Entries

THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE COMPLETED

FIGURE 5-4 Closing Figures on the Worksheet

Income Statement Dr. Cr.

Balance Sheet Dr. Cr.

For Step 1 For Step 2

The following is the journalized closing entry for step 1:

Advertising Expense 512 250

Telephone Expense 513 220 Rent Expense 515 400

Ofce Supplies Expense 514 500 Closing 500

Rent Expense 515 400

Amortization Expense 516 400 80 Closing 80

Income Summary 313 Expenses Revenue Step 2 3,100 8,000 Step 1

Brenda Clark, Capital 311 10,000

Income Summary 313 3,100 4,900 8,000 4,900

Brenda Clark, Capital 311 10,000 4,900

Step 4: Clear the Withdrawals Balance and Transfer It to Capital

CLARK'S DESKTOP PUBLISHING SERVICES GENERAL JOURNAL

Post. Ref. 411 313

313 511 512 513 514 515 516

Account No. 111

FIGURE 5-5 Complete Ledger

THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE COMPLETED

(FIGURE 5-5 cont.)

Acct. No. 112 Debit 5 0 0 0 00 Credit

Acct. No. 114 Debit 6 0 0 00 Credit 5 0 0 00

Acct. No. 115 Debit 1 2 0 0 00 Credit 4 0 0 00

Acct. No. 121 Debit 6 0 0 0 00 Credit

Acct. No. 122 Credit 8 0 00

Acct. No. 211 Debit Credit 5 0 0 0 00 6 0 0 00 2 5 0 00

Acct. No. 212 Debit Credit 3 5 0 00