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First Semester Examination. 2015/2016 session
Time: 1 hour 20 mins
PSY 101 (INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY)
1. The scientific approach differs from the other approaches to knowledge in characteristics
such as……and……
2. Generally, five steps are involved in the scientific approach to knowledge and they are
…… and ……
3. The ……method involves questionnaires or interviews that one administers to a sizeable
segment of the population.
4. ……is the science of measuring human intellectual, emotional and social characteristics
and behavior?
5. In the nature/nurture issue, stresses the contribution of learning/environment,
while…stress the hereditary component.
6. The field of psychology restricted to the influence of drugs on behavior is called…
7. Physiological psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on the ….and it’s…
8. One importance of human psychological factors in the daily practice of medicine is the
…… to ……
9. ……is the treatment that contains noting known to be helpful, however, produces
benefits because a person believes it is beneficial
10. The study of people at work that develop and apply procedure that will result in the better
utilization of human resources is……
11. Another name for an engineering psychologist is……
12. Experiments involve the manipulation of…… variables and the observation
of……variables.
13. In the nature/nurture debate Lerner (1986) suggests that we should think of the
environment as having different levels. What are these 4 levels?,,,,..,……,……and……
14. In observational studies, Sanford and Wrightsman (1970) distinguished two types of
observation of interest to the scientists. They are…… and ……
15. Two ways with which psychologists communicate their research findings are
……and……

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 16. Four ethical guidelines that psychological researchers are expected to adhere to according
to APA standards……,……,……and ……
17. ……studies the behavior of groups of people and focuses its attention on the society,
cultural background, while……studies human behavior and focuses its attention of
individual differences.
18. ……is the principle that demands that researchers follow the laid down procedures in the
study.
19. The three structures of the mind as identified by Freud are……,……and……
20. The first three stages of Erickson’s psychosocial development are ……,……and ……
21. Trying to understand behavior by counting the number of letters in one’s names is
called……while checking the lines in one’s hand for the same purpose is called……
22. The origin of psychology has its roots in two disciplines, namely……and……
23. As named by the greatest historian of psychology, boring, 3 greatest contributors to the
science of psychology are…… and……
24. At phallic stage, Freud believed that children develop intense love for the opposite sex
parent, situation called…for boys and……for girls.
25. A process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemes is
called……while ……is the actions of the environment on the organism.
26. ……refers to an individual’s contribution to the future generation and it is characterized
by Erickson’s ……stage of psychosocial development.
27. In stage of Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development, strict or too much control
over a child may lead to……whereas little or weak control may lead to……
28. …….propounded the theory of moral development
29. At…..stage of moral development individuals make moral decisions based on rules, while
people at……stage make moral judgments to obtain rewards and avoid punishment.
30. Egocentric h=behavior predominates at ……stage of cognitive development while ……is
a belief in the permanence of certain attributes of objects or situations in spite of
superficial changes.
31. Three major debates of considerable importance in the study of human behavior
are……and……
32. Radical behaviorism was propounded by……

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 33. Mental systems that protect the ego from anxiety imposed on it by the superego is known
as……mechanisms.
34. During ……stage of cognitive development, conception of invariance and reversibility is
gradually achieved.
35. Two of the areas of specialization in psychology are…… and ……

ANSWERS
1. Control, operational definition and Replication
2. Identifying the problem/hypothesis formulation, designing the experiment, conducting
the experiment, testing the hypothesis, communicating the results.
3. Survey
4. Psychometrics
5. Nurture, Nature
6. Psychopharmacology
7. Anatomy of the brain, neural network.
8. Doctor’s bedside manners, patient’s recovery (or relationship of doctors to parent
9. Placebo
10. Industrial/organizational psychology level, physical environmental level, socio-cultural
historical level.
11. Ergonomist
12. Independent, dependent
13. Inner biological level, individual psychological level, physical environmental level,
socio-cultural historical level.
14. Naturalistic observation, clinical observation
15. Publications in journals, conferences
16. Informed concsent, confidentiality (or privacy), debriefing, freedom to withdraw.
17. Sciology,psychology
18. Empiricism
19. Id, ego and superego
20. Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame or doubt, initiative vs. guilt
21. Numerology, palmistry.

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 22. Philosophy, physiology
23. Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov & Sigmund Freud
24. Oedipus complex,Elecctra complex
25. Assimilation, Accommodation
26. Generative, seventh stage
27. Second stage, shame or doubt, autonomy
28. Lawrence Kohlberg
29. Post-conventional stage or post-conventionality(stage 3)pre-conventional stage(pre-
conventionality)
30. Sensori-motor stage, object permanence
31. Determinism versus freewill, nature/nurture debate, idiographic versus homothetic, mind-
body issue(any 3 of them)
32. John B Watson
33. Defense
34. Concrete operational
35. Experimental,social,clinical,industrial etc.

First Semester Examination. 2016/2017 session

Time: 1 hour 20 mins

History of Psychology
1. Psychology has its roots in……especially……
2. The theory of evolution is quite important in the development of psychology
because……
3. ……founded the first psychology laboratory in……year at the university of Leipzig,
Germany.
4. Wilhelm Wundt who founded the first psychology laboratory was only physiologists.
True or False.
5. ……pioneered the study of learning and was a Russian physiologist.
6. …….is referred to as personality theorist.

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 7. Psychology is like other science in seeking to……,…… and to……If necessary, the
behavior of humans and lower animals.
8. The earliest attempts to understand and explain the nature involved…
9. ……and ……dominated early attempt to understand nature.
10. One of the boldest and radical attempts to understand nature came from the works of……
11. The beginning of philosophy ushered in a new pattern of reasoning, where …..replaced
……
12. The new pattern of thinking by Greek philosophers gave rise to the emergence of many
disciplines including……
13. Like all other disciplines, psychology branched off from……
14. …..was one of Greek philosophers who believed that……
15. Heraclitus assumed …..to be the physics because……
16. According to Heraclitus, nothing ever is rather everything is……
17. The famous statement of Heraclitus is……meaning……
18. The epistemological question raised by Heraclitus is……
19. Heraclitus lived from……to……
20. ……was one of the Greek philosophers who influenced our modern thinking, especially
as it relates to quantitative representation of events.
21. Pythagoras postulated that the basic explanation for everything in the universe was found
in……and……
22. …….formulated Pythagoras theorem
23. The Pythagoras postulated two worlds, which are….and…
24. The Pythagoras postulated two worlds, which are….and…
25. Out of the two worlds of postulate of Pythagoras……was considered to be better.
26. Pythagoras also postulated……in human.
27. ……believed that human person is made up of two separate components, the body and
the soul, thus assuming dualism of the body soul.
28. Plato was more interested in the soul or mind than the body because……thus the body
is……while the soul is ……
29. Plato created an utopian society in which the three kinds of individual would have
specific function and they are……,……and……

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 30. The first systematic treatment of psychology is owned to……
31. ……established the lyceum, where a number of observations of physical and biological
phenomenal were made.
32. The process of observation, classification and definition enable Aristotle to compile what
many regard as the first…….
33. …….may also be regarded as the first philosopher to treat extensively many topics that
formed psychology.
34. In Aristotle numerous writing, he covered many topics…,……,……and……
35. In the works of Aristotle,……was regarded by many as the first history of psychology.
36. Aristotle believed that the body the soul are……
37. The first quantitative law in the history of psychology was propounded by……
38. In Weber’s experiment on sense of touch, the smallest distance at which participants
reported sensing two points was called……
39. In Weber’s experiment on muscle sense by means of weight lifting, J.N.D stands
for……and it has a constant ratio of……
40. Most of Weber’s work were further expanded by his successor……
41. In Gustav Fecher quest to understand the relationship between the mind and the body, he
developed interest in……
42. ……is the study of relationship between……and……phenomena
43. Fecher employed several methods in further exploring the mind-body relationship, these
include……and……
44. Hermon Von Helmholtz was able to build a small laboratory where he did experiments
on……
45. While serving as a military surgeon, Helmholtz published in 1847, a paper entitled ……
46. One of the famous researches of Helmholtz was on……
47. Helmholtz also invented the ……, an instrument used in viewing the interior of the eye.
48. Name only two theories of Helmholtz……
49. Today, psychology tends to be defined broadly as……
50. Modern definitions of psychology generally retain the word……
51. In early development of psychology, structuralism was developed by……

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 52. Wundt defined psychology as science of immediate experience and his approach was
called ……
53. The contributions of structuralism to early psychology are…….,……and……
54. While structuralisms were interested in what they called the components of
consciousness, functionalists focused on…
55. ……and……are the proponents of functionalism
56. The emphasis of functionalism was on……
57. ……were particularly concerned with the development of associations or bonds between
stimuli and responses.
58. ……established a system for the study of behavior in which only the observable
responses made by subject were relevant.
59. Behaviorists were interested only in……
60. …… is the study of the relation between people’s environment and their behavior,
without appeal to hypothetical events occurring within their heads.
61. The phrase frequently used to describe the Gestalt position is that…
62. Gestalt is a German word that roughly translates into……
63. Freud’s great contribution to psychology was his……
64. According to Freud, the mini consists of three parts, namely ……,.…and……
65. Reasons and the logic are alien to the……It consists of mainly of ……and the ……
66. …….seeks safety rather than pleasure
67. The ……becomes the person’s conscience, making judgments and evaluating impulses
and actions.
68. While the Id strives immediate pleasure, the ego tests reality and seeks safety, the
superego strives for……
69. Carlson and Buskist (1997) point that although psychology is firmly rooted in biology,the
biological approach to behavior has becomes so strong in the past few years that it can
properly be called……
70. Behavior has both……and……meanings.

ANSWERS
1. Philosophy, especially philosophy of the Greeks

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 2. It leads to more freedom to explore the human as an animal
3. Wilhelm Wundt, in 1879
4. False, Wilhelm Wundt was both physiologist and a philosopher
5. Ivan Pavlov
6. Sigmund Freud
7. Understand, to predict to control and to change
8. Projection of human attributes onto nature
9. Superstition and mysticism
10. Greek Philosophers
11. Natural explanation replaced supernatural explanation events
12. Psychology
13. Philosophy
14. Things are constantly changing
15. Fire because in the presence of fire everything is transformed into something else
16. “Becoming”
17. No one ever steps into the same river twice, meaning things are in constant state of
change.
18. How can something be known if it is constantly changing?
19. 540-475BC
20. Pythagoras
21. .Numbers and numerical relationship
22. Pythagoras
23. Inferior to those of the mind
24. One physical and abstract
25. Abstract world
26. Dualism
27. Plato
28. The material body perishes too soon, but the mind is permanent in the sense that ideas
may live for generation after the body has turned to dust, thus the body is mortal while
the soul is immortal

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 29. Those in whom the appetitive aspect dominates would be workers and slaves, those in
whom the courageous aspect dominates would be soldiers and those in whom the rational
aspects dominates would be philosophers Kings and the governance of the society would
only be trusted on these philosopher Kings.
30. Aristotle
31. Aristotle
32. Encyclopedia of nature
33. Aristotle
34. Memory,sensation,perception,sleep,dreams and learning
35. De Anima (on the soul)
36. Not quite distinct, but two aspects of a living thing and none could exist in absence of the
other
37. Ernest Heinrich Weber
38. Two-point threshold
39. Just noticeable difference (J.N.D) with a constant ratio of 1/40 of the standard weight
40. Gustav Fecher Theodore
41. Psychophysics
42. Physical and psychological
43. Method of limits and methods of constant stimuli
44. Metabolic process in frog
45. Conservative of force
46. Speed of nerve conduction
47. Ophthalmoscope
48. Helmholtz theory of perception and Helmholtz-young theory of colour vision
49. The science that investigates both mental processes and behaviors
50. Behavior
51. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Ticher
52. Structuralism
53. By testing of method of introspection, which failed because of disagreements regarding
the properties of stimuli, by establishing psychology as scientific endeavor and stressing

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 appropriate scientific methodology and by providing a starting point which was
investigated by many of later Bukist.
54. On the processes of conscious activity(perception and learning)
55. Carlson and Bukist
56. On overt, observe behavior, not on private mental events
57. Associationism
58. John Watson
59. Observable phenomena
60. Behaviorism
61. The whole (of behavior) is greater than the sum of parts
62. “Unified form or overall shape”
63. Suggestion that much of human behavior arose out of motives that were unconscious
64. Id, ego and superego
65. The Id, it consists of sexual and aggressive instincts/impulses
66. The ego
67. Superego
68. Perfection and represents ideals, internalizing parental control in the form of self-control
69. A revolution
70. Loose and strict
THE FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Just as the science of physics can be divided in specialties such as astrophysics and
nuclear physics, so can be science of psychology can be categorized into
……,…….,……,……and ……
2. Just as the profession of medicine can be divided into specialties, such as pediatrics and
internal medicines, so the profession of psychology is classified into specialties such
as……,……,……and ……
3. ……is concerned with the processes with the sensation, perception, learning and
motivation.
4. In general, experimental psychology is oriented towards……

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 5. ……is the study of how the physiology and anatomy of brain and its neural network
control behavior from eating and sex to reading and solving puzzles and caring about
other people.
6. Physiological psychologists have much to tell us about……
7. Specifically, physiological psychology is the……
8. ……is the study of people as individuals
9. ……is the field of psychology which is concerned with the study of cognition
10. ……is a general term used to refer to the higher mental processes
11. Three theoretical constructs, namely……,……, and……
12. ……is an approach within psychology which emphasizes the whole person and its scope
for change.
13. The core subject matter of humanistic psychology is…….
14. Humanistic psychology is an approach is an approach to the study of human behavior that
emphasized……,……and……
15. The father of humanistic behavior is……
16. Humanistic psychologists do not believe that we will understand human consciousness
and behavior through scientific research True or False
17. ……is a branch of psychology that studies the role of genetic behavior.
18. Each blue-print is a little different, which means that no two brains are exactly alike. True
or False.
19. ……studies the relationships of people to machines with intent of improving such
relationships.
20. Engineering psychologists are also known as……
21. ……is the study of people at work how they relate to work.
22. ……is the study and treatment
23. Experimental neuropsychology is closely allied with both……and ……
24. One of the principal research of experimental neuropsychology is to study……
25. The study of an individual’s behavior am extended time span is called……
26. The field of development of psychology is divided into……
27. The five unscientific approaches to knowledge are……,……,……and…..
28. The means of acquiring knowledge is……

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 29. Scientific approach differs from others in terms of such characteristics
as……,……,……and ……
30. The scientist, in the prosecution of his art of discovery, acquiring knowledge, has to
practice three things namely……,……and……
31. The five steps involves in scientific approach to knowledge are……,…….,……and……
32. Gleitaman (1986) pointed out that psychologists and most other scientist, employ three
major methodological tools for data collection, these are……,…… and ……
33. According to Lindsey Thompson and spring (1988), methodological tools for data
collection include……,……and……
34. Psychological research begins with……
35. ……is defined as statement, either descriptive or explanatory, that has not yet been
adequately tested.
36. In many areas of psychology, conclusions are based on only one person who is the
studies extensively, such an investigation is known as……and it is the……
37. ……refers to detailed examination of a single individual and is most often undertaken
when an investigator is working in anew area of study.
38. The case study plans a greater role in the ……than in the……
39. ……psychoanalytic theory is based on case study
40. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is a product of case study. True or False.
41. In which of the research methods in psychology investigators do not do much design of
the experiments as they discover it……
42. Observational studies are also known as……
43. Two types of observations are also known as……
44. ……is refers to observation of things as they naturally happen
45. Naturalistic observation method favors which branch or fields of
psychology……,……,……and……
46. ……is observation of an individual for purpose of diagnosing and alleviating an
emotional or intellectual disturbance.
47. ……research method involves questionnaires or interviews that one administers to
sizeable segments of population
48. Surveys are best known as……

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 49. Surveys test the relationship between some variables having to do with the participants
and their attitudes and opinions. True or False
50. A good deal of psychological research is conducted through the..,….method
51. Co-relational method is also known as……
52. ……is defined as ways of investigating the degree to which two events are related or
vary together.
53. ……provides the researcher with the opportunity to manipulate and control the variable
he or she is studying.
54. In experiment, variable being manipulated is called ……while the one expected to be
affected by the manipulations is called……
55. ……are sometimes regarded as cause while……as effects.
56. Psychological experiment can be broadly divided into two, namely……and……
57. More than any other method ……can bring us close to the prices and definite knowledge
that we need for clear solutions to problems.
58. Experiment may also be classified as……or……
59. ……experiment is an experimental research study that is conducted in a real life setting.
60. ……is a study conducted in a controlled laboratory setting in which the investigator
precisely manipulates one or more variables and control for the influence of all or nearly
all of the extraneous variables.
61. The primary difficulty with field experiments is that……
62. ……,……and…… find field experiments very useful as it is suitable of the socio-
educational problems of interest to social psychology, sociology and education.
ANSWER ON THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Experimental, psychological, developmental, personality, social, abnormal psychology
and psychometrics or measurement.
2. Clinical, counseling, school, educational, engineering, personnel and applied social
psychology, industrial, occupational, consumers, community etc.
3. Experimental psychology
4. Exploring the fundamental questions of behavior.
5. Physiological psychology
6. Drug abuse

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 7. The study of the physiological or bodily foundations of behavior
8. Counseling psychology
9. Cognitive psychology
10. Cognitive
11. Knowledge (information),representation and processing
12. Humanistic psychology
13. Conscious experience
14. Human experience, choice and creativity, self-realization and positive growth
15. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
16. True
17. Behavior genetics
18. True
19. The engineering psychologists
20. Human factors psychologists
21. Industrial/organizational psychology
22. Clinical psychology
23. Cognitive psychology and physiological psychology
24. Study the behavior of people whose brain have been damaged by natural
25. Developmental psychology
26. Infant, child, adolescence, adult and old age psychology
27. Tenacity, intuition, authority, rationalism and empiricism
28. Method of science or scientific approach
29. Control, operational definition and replication
30. He must observe and choose his facts, he must formulate hypothesis which links them
together an provides a plausible explanation of them and he or she must carry out
numerous and repeat experiment to prove or disprove, his hypothesis
31. Identifying the problem and hypothesis formulation, designing the experimental methods
32. Case study and it is the simplest form of investigation
33. Survey (interviews and questionnaires), co-relational and quasi-experimental methods
34. An hypothesis
35. Hypothesis

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 36. Case study and it is the simplest form of investigation
37. Case study
38. The formulation of hypothesis than ion the testing of hypothesis
39. Freud’s
40. True
41. Observational studies
42. Experiments of nature
43. Naturalistic observation and clinical observation
44. Naturalistic observation
45. Developmental, social, school and industrial psychologist/psychology
46. Clinical observation
47. Survey method
48. Political barometers
49. True
50. Survey method
51. Psychometric approach
52. Co-relational method
53. Experimental method
54. Independent variable, while the one expected to be affected by the manipulations is called
dependent variable.
55. Causes are regarded as dependent variable while effect is the independent variable
56. Controlled laboratory experiments and field experiments.
57. Experimental method
58. Expost-facto laboratory studies or expost-facto field studies
59. Field experiment
60. Laboratory experiment
61. Control of extraneous variable cannot be accomplished adequately as with laboratory
experiments.
62. Social psychologists, sociologists and educationist

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 PSYCHOLOGY AND OTHER DISCIPLINE/PROFESSION
1. It is a truism that all people relate to psychology through the problems
of……,……,……,……and……
2. The teaching of mathematics (Piaget, 1970) depends to a large extends, on the idea one
has of the subject and consequently of its……
3. The base of the mathematical edifice, there are three major parents’ structures, they are
……,……and ……
4. Fifty to sixty years ago, psychology and epistemology were closely related branches of
philosophy. True or False
5. In the early year of the…… psychology broke away from philosophy
6. There is a branch of psychology known as philosophical psychology. True or False
7. ……like sociology, studies kindship system, social organization and institutions, system
of exchange and cultural values.
8. It is at ……or……that anthropology is most related to psychology
9. Anthropology shares with psychology the concepts of……,……and……
10. The study of motivation has become the common interest of both……and……
11. Beyond the study of physical structure of rock, water etc. geography focuses on……
12. Philosophy is indisputably the mother of all science. True of False

ANSWER
1. Infancy,childhood,adolescence,youth,adulthood and old age
2. Epistemology
3. Algebraic, order and topological structures
4. True
5. 20th century
6. True
7. Anthropology
8. The signs of culture or cultural system
9. Regularities, recurrence and patterns of behavior as well as the effects on behavior of the
properties of man-made environment
10. Psychologists and economists

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 11. Man
12. True
MOTIVATIONS AND EMOTION
1. According to Lahey (2003), three reasons to demonstrate that motivation and emotion are
closed related are……,……and……
2. ……the term popularly refers to the causes of behavior, that is, whatever it is within the
individual that incites action.
3. Psychologists use the concept of motivation in conjunction with three basic aspects of
behavior, they are……,…… and……
4. …..implies how an individual carries out an activity, that is whether briskishly or slowly
and sluggishly
5. Behavior has four motivational characteristics and include those……,……,……and……
6. …..is used to describe the regulation of bodily systems to achieve constancy
7. Motivation has basically three components, they are…….,……and……
8. There are five perspectives in motivation namely……,……,……,……and……
9. ……theory of motivation emphasizes the role of thought, anticipation, imagining of
future events and other mental processes that influence goal-directed behavior.
10. One influential cognitive approach to motivation is known as……
11. ……is seen as internal drive that enables us to participate in activities for our own
enjoyment or satisfaction rather than for any tangible reward that accrue to us.
12. ……makes us to do something for the sake of receiving tangible rewards.
13. One of the most influential humanistic-existential theorists was……
14. According to Abraham Maslow,…..are concerned with physical and social survival of the
individual.
15. According to Abraham Maslow..… motivates the person to develop his or her full
potential as a human being.
16. In Abraham Maslow, of hierarchy of need, the basic needs referred to as ,,,,,,are the
starting point.
17. In Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of need,……is the last
18. In Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy, self of needs, which can be satisfied through
appropriate activities……needs is never satisfied.

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 19. Maslow’s theory is the most inclusive of all the theories in the sense that……
20. Aesthetic needs according to Abraham Maslow are……,……,…..
21. According to Abraham Maslow, unlike the more basic need, which can be satisfied
through appropriate activities……needs is never satisfied
22. Motives……and……our towards goal
23. Different combination of approach and avoidance tendencies can providence three basic
type of conflict, they are……,……and……
24. The type of conflict between two attractive alternatives is called……
25. …..types of conflict that is both attracted to and repelled to an individual by the same
goals
26. ……type of conflict that is both attracted to and repelled to an individual by the same
goals
27. A woman who wants to pursue an advances degree in medicine, but also wants to have
family and spend a great deal of time with her children may find herself in……conflict
28. If a student has to choose between studying a subject he finds terribly boring or failing
his examination, such person is faced with……conflict.
29. …….is the most difficult of all conflict to resolve because……
30. Positive emotions include feelings such as……
31. Negative emotions include feelings, such as ……
32. Three main functions of emotion are……,…… and …..
33. Among the early researchers that examined the nature of emotion were……and ……
34. James-Lange theory posits that……
35. Based on the criticism raised against James-Lang theory……and ……proposed an
alternative perspective to our understanding of emotions.
36. The Cannon bard theory as reaction to James-Long theory rejects the view that….
37. The theory of Cannon-Bard theory posits that…….
38. According to Cannon-bard theory the ……and ……are two simultaneous and largely
independent event.
39. The major criticisms of Cannon-Bard theory are……
40. Some criticisms of Cannon-bard theory led to the emergence of ……cognitive theory of
emotion.

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 41. …they proposed that emotional responses are function of the interaction of cognitive
factors and a state of physiological arousal.
42. According to the theory of Schachter-Singer, on emotion has two major components
namely……
43. In the study carried out by Schachter and Singer, on emotion, the participants, were
given……in order to induce physiological arousal and participants were told that they
were given a vitamin called……

MOTIVATION AND EMOTION

1. The arousal of emotions activates behavior as motivate do, motives are usually
accompanies by emotions and emotions usually have motivational properties of their own
2. Motivation
3. Change in activity, duration and frequency of activity and vigor of activity
4. Vigor of activity
5. Immediate cause, the second motivational characteristics energy, motivational
characteristics concerns the goal rates of the behavior
6. Homeostasis
7. A driving state within the organism that is set in motion by bodily need, environmental
stimuli or mental events such as thought and memories(2) the behavior aroused and
directed by this state (3) the goal toward which the behavior in directed.
8. The biological perspective, the behavioral perspectives, the cognitive perspective, the
psychodynamics perspective and the humanistic-existential perspective
9. The cognitive theory
10. Expectancy-value theory
11. Intrinsic motivation
12. Extrinsic motivation
13. Abraham Maslow
14. Deficiency needs
15. Growth needs
16. Physiological needs
17. Self-actualization
18. True

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 19. It deals with the full range of human motives
20. The creation and appreciation of beauty a striving to discover and find
peace,goodness,justice,and new beauty
21. Self-actualization
22. Energize and direct
23. Approach-approach conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict and approach-avoidance
conflict
24. Approach-approach conflict
25. Avoidance-avoidance conflict
26. Approach-avoidance conflicts
27. Approach-approach
28. Avoidance-avoidance conflict
29. Approach-avoidance because, it is attractive and repelling
30. Happiness, love, serenity, humor etc.
31. Anger, fear, sadness, grief etc.
32. Preparing us for action, shaping our future behavior and helping us to regulate social
interaction
33. William James and Carl Lange
34. That emotion is the sensation of physiological changes in the body
35. Walter-Cannon and Philip Bard
36. Physiological arousal alone leads to the perception of emotion
37. Both physiological arousal and emotional experiences are produced simultaneously by
the same nerve impulses which Cannon and Bard suggested from the Thalamus.
38. The conscious emotional experience and physiological arousal
39. Simultaneity of physiological and emotional response as proposed by Cannon and Bard
has not been conclusively demonstrated, in very extreme emergencies, such as motor
accident or armed robbery attack, we do not seem to respond first and then react. Also
studies in facial emotional experience is just sensory feedback from our facial muscles
40. Schacter-Singer cognitive theory of emotion
41. Schachter-Singer theory
42. Physical arousal and a cognitive label

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 43. Epinephrine, the participants were told that they were given vitamin called suproxin

PERSONALITY
1. …..refers to the relatively enduring characteristics that differentiate that people-those
behaviour that make each individual unique.
2. The four general personality theories goals are…….,……,……and……
3. According to Myers (1989), four major perspective/theories on/or personality which also
resemble Lindzey Thompson and Spring (1989) classification
are……,……,……and……
4. Underlying Freud’s conception of personality is his belief that the mind is
like……mostly hidden
5. For Freud, personality is composed of three interacting systems,
namely,……,……and……
6. ……is a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that constantly strive to satisfy
instinctual drive to survive, reproduce and aggress
7. ……operate on the pleasure principle, that is, it seeks immediate gratification
8. ……develops gradually as infant learns to cope with the real world
9. ……operates on the reality principle, which seeks immediate gratify the id’s impulses in
realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure than pain or destruction.
10. ……is said to be “executive” of personality.
11. The ego said to be executive of personality because……,……,……and…..
12. ……is like a voice of conscience that forces the ego to consider not only the real but also
the ideal
13. ……strives for perfection and judges our actions, accompanied by feelings of quit or
pride.
14. Based on the observation of Freud on personality development, he came to the conclusion
that children pass through a series of psychosexual stage of development. That is stages
during which the id’s pleasure seeking energies are focused on different pleasure-
sensitive areas called……

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 15. According to Freud personality of development, during the oral stage, which lasts
throughout the first 18 months of life, the infants sensual pleasure focus
on……,……and……
16. According to Freud personality development and stage is……
17. Freud believed that during the phallic stage children seeking seek……Freud called these
collection of feelings in boys as……while this collection of feeling in girls is called…..
18. During……period children play mostly with peers of same sex
19. According to Freud’s view, maladaptive behavior in the adult results from……
20. Freud proposed that ego protects itself against anxiety with what he called……
21. Another means of coping with anxiety is through……
22. The ancient Greek describes personality by classifying and……
23. Sheldon (1954) came up with attempt to classify people into three, which
are……,……and……
24. ……used factor analysis to reveal sixteen(16) personality traits
25. The degree to which a person embodies each of the sixteen (16) basic trait forms a unique
pattern called……
26. Eysenk and Eygenck believe that many of our individual variation can be reduced to only
two genetically influenced dimensions, namely……and……
27. For Maslow and Rogers, and central feature of personality is one’s……
28. According to humanistic psychologist, two types of selves namely……and……

PERSONALITY
1. Personality
2. To explain the components of identity, to explain the structure of personality, to explain
motivation, the dynamics of behaviour and to explain personality variability.
3. Psychoanalytic personality theory of Freud, trait theories, humanistic theories and the
concern of behaviour and social-learning
4. Iceberg
5. Id, ego and superego
6. Id
7. Id

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 8. The ego
9. The ego
10. The ego
11. It decides on our action as it intervenes between the impulsive demands of the id and
those of external world
12. Superego
13. Superego
14. Erogenous zones
15. Sucking, biting and chewing
16. From about age 18 months to 3 years, the sphincter muscles becomes sensitive and
controllable and the towel and bladder retention and elimination become a source of
gratification
17. Genital stimulation and develop both unconscious and desires for the parent of the other
sex and feeling of jealousy and hatred for the parent of the same sex children also
develop feelings of guilt and a fear that the rival parent will punish them. Freud called
this collection of feelings is Oedipus complex. It is called Electra
18. Latency
19. Unresolved conflicts that originated during the course of these psychosexual stages.
20. Ego defense mechanism
21. Regression
22. Melancholic,Sanguine,Phlegmatic and Choleric
23. Plump endomorph, relaxed and jolly muscular mesomorph, bold and physical active and
thin ectomorph, high strung and solitary
24. Cattle
25. A personality profile
26. Extroversion, introversion and emotional stability-instability
27. Self-concept
28. The self you dream of becoming and the admired self

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
1. Social support which refers to the feeling of being supported by others is usually
divided into four components, namely……,……,……and……

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 2. According to Ogden (2000) health psychology represents of the several challenges
that were made during the twentieth century to the……
3. State at least two biomedical model
4. According to biomedical model treatment consist of……and……
5. Illness is often caused by a combination of factors that can be biological,
psychological and social. These assumption reflect the……of health and illness

ANSWER ON HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

1. Emotional support appraisal support, informational support and instrumental support
2. Biomedical model
3. (a)disease come from either outside the body or inside it or invade it, causing internal
physical changes or originated as involuntary internal physical changes (b)individuals are
not responsible for their illness which arises from biological changes beyond their control
etc.
4. Vaccination,surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy
5. Bio-psychological model

CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGY

1. Some of the controversial issues or debates, according to Malim et all (1992)
include……,……,……and……
2. ……is one of the oldest philosophical issues in the study of human behaviour and one of
the most pervasive
3. The central issue is the determinism-free will controversy is whether……
4. ……refers to a basic assumption of science which states that every event has a cause and
that behaviour is a result of natural causes and therefore predictable
5. ……assumes that behaviour is determined by the environment, but only to a certain
extent.

ANSWER ON CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGY

1. Reductionism, determinism and free will, nature and nature consciousness,
ideographic and nomothetic approaches, motivation and emotion
2. Determinism and free will
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 3. Whether human behaviour over which an individual has no control, or whether it is
the result of free choice.
4. Determinism
5. Soft determinism

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YOLANDA CARES

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