Notes CH - Is Matter Around Us Pure
Notes CH - Is Matter Around Us Pure
Notes CH - Is Matter Around Us Pure
What is a substance?
Anything that cannot be broken into further particles by applying any physical processes is
called a Substance.
Matter can be classified into two types of substances – Pure substances and Mixtures
Types of Mixtures
There are two categories of mixtures: Homogeneous Mixtures and Heterogeneous Mixtures
Homogenous Mixtures
When we add sugar, water and lemon juice together they all uniformly mix with each other.
Now it is no possible to separate these substances from the mixture. Such mixtures in which
the components mix with each other uniformly are called Homogenous Mixtures.
The ratio of compositions of homogeneous mixtures can be different. For Example, one may
add two spoons of sugar in lemonade while someone else may add only one spoon of sugar
in their lemonade. Still, lemonade is a homogeneous mixture.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
The components in a heterogeneous mixture do not completely dissolve in each other and we
can separate them by physical means. In other words, the composition of such mixtures is not
uniform.
For Example, If we mix sand in water the sand settles down in water after some time and we
can separate it by filtration.
Here are a few differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures –
Homogenous Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures
Solution
It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solution of solids- Alloys
Solution of Gases- Air
( Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal and cannot be
separated by physical methods. But still alloys are mixtures because they are always in
indefinite composition and can vary.)
A solution has 2 components- Solute and Solvent
Solute
It is the component of solution that is dissolved in the solvent
Solvent
It is the components of solution that dissolves other component in it
Examples of solution (exam main aayega)
Tincture of Iodine- Solute is Iodine
Solvent is Alcohol
Concentration of a solution
It is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution
Depending upon the amount of solute present in a solution, they are classified into 3 types-
1. Dilute- Less amount of solute
2. Concentrated- Large amount of solute is added
3. Saturated- No more solute can be added to the solution at a given temperature
4. Unsaturated- Amount of solution contained in a solution less than the saturation
level
Ways of expressing the concentration of solutions are-
1.
2.
3.
Suspension
It is a heterogenous mixture
In this mixture, solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of
the medium
Properties of Suspension
Heterogenous Mixture
Can be seen by naked eye
Particles of a suspension scatter beam of light passing through the mixture and makes its
path visible
Solute particles settle down when the mixture is left undisturbed
Solute can be separated by the process of filtration
When the particles settle down, it does not scatter light any more.
Colloidal
It is a heterogenous mixture
Particles of colloid are uniformly spread throughout the solution
Colloidal solution appears to be homogenous but it is a heterogenous mixture
(Scattering of beam of light is called Tyndall Effect)
Properties of a colloid
Heterogenous mixture
Too small to be individually seen by naked eye
Shows Tyndall effect
Particles do not settle down
Particles cannot be separated from the mixture by filtration
Particles can be separated by the process called centrifugation