Temperature compensation is not necessary when the battery is charged at an ambient temperature of 5｡(41 F) to 35｡(95 F).

At a temperature below 5｡(41 F) or above 35｡(95 F), however, temperature compensation for charge voltage is necessary.

(1) For cycle use

-5m V/ cell
(2) For standby use (trickle charge or float charge)
-3.3m V/ cell
Refer to Figure 7. In order to prevent a poor-charge under low temperature and overcharge under high temperature, the charge
voltage must be set at the appropriate value according to the battery temperature.
Table 2 Charge voltage and maximum charge current
Charge Voltage(V/cell) Max.charge current
Applications
Temperature Set point Allowable range (A)

Cycle use 20｡ (68¡£F) 2.45 2.40 ~ 2.50

0.3C
Standby use 20｡ (68¡£F) 2.275 2.25 ~ 2.30

CHARGE VOLTAGE
FOR 12V BATTERY
Figure 5

CHARGING
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS
CHARGED

CURRENT

VOLTAGE

BATTERY
VOLUME

CHARGE

FOR 6V
0.1CA-6.90V(13.8V,4.6V) CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING
(%) (xCA) (V) AT 20｡(68 F)
120 (V)
CHARGE O L U M E
DV
7.00 VOLTAGE CHARGE 14.0
100

6.50 13.0
80 0.1

0.08
60 6.00 12.0

0.06
40 AFTER 100% DISCHARGE
0.04 5.50 AFTER 50% DISCHARGE
11.0

20
0.02
CHARGING CURRENT
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CHARGING TIME(HOURS)

CHARGE VOLTAGE
FOR 12V BATTERY
CHARGING

Figure 6
CHARGED

VOLTAGE
CURRENT

BATTERY
CHARGE
VOLUME

FOR 6V

CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS 0.1CA-7.20V(14.4V,4.8V) CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING

(%) (xCA) (V) AT 20｡(68 F)
140 (V)
OL UME
RG ED V
120 CHA
15.0
7.50
100
CHARGE VOLTAGE
14.0
80 7.00
0.1

60 0.08 AFTER 100% DISCHARGE 13.0

6.50
AFTER 50% DISCHARGE
0.06
40
12.0
0.04 6.60
20
0.02
11.0
5.50
0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
CHARGING TIME (HOURS)

Recovery charge after deep discharge

When a battery has been subjected to deep discharge (commonly referred to as overdischarge), the amount of electricity which
has been discharged is actually 1.5 to 2.0 times as great as the rated capacity of the battery. Consequently, a battery which has
been overdischarged requires a longer charging period than normal. Please note, as shown in Figure 8 below, that as a result of
internal resistance, charging current accepted by an overdischarged battery during the initial stage of charging will be quite
small, but will increase rapidly over the initial 30 minutes (approximate)untill internal resistance has been overcome, and normal,
7
full recovery charging characteristics resume.
Figure7 Figure 8
RELATION BETWEEN CHARGE VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE 0.25CA.-7.25V CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE FOR 24 HOURS.
DEEP DISCHARGE: WITH 1.00HM RESISTOR FOR 24 HOURS

CHARGING
CHARGED

CURRENT

VOLTAGE
VOLUME

CHARGE
AND STORED FOR 30 DAYS AT OPEN CIRCUIT CONDITION
(V/12V BATTERY)

(V/6V BATTERY)

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE:20C(68¡£F)
(V/CELL)

(%)x(CA)(V)
120

15.6 7.8 2.6

100 0.25 CHARGING CURRENT ME
8.00 OLU
RG ED V
15.0 7.5 2.5 CHA
CHARGE VOLTAGE

CY 80 0.20
CL CHARGE VOLTAGE
E U 7.00
14.4 7.2 2.4 SE
60 0.15
ST
13.8 6.9 2.3 AN
D -B 6.00
Y 40 0.10
US E
13.2 6.6 2.2

20 0.05 5.00

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60(｡)
14 32 50 68 86 104 122 140(｡
F) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHARGING TIME(HOURS)

In view of the above, consideration should be given to the fact that if the charging method used is constant voltage in which the charger
employs current sensing for either state of charge indication or for reducing voltage (a two step charger), during the initial stage of charging an
overdischarged battery, the charger may give false "full charge" indication, or may initiate charge at a float voltage.

10. Battery Storage

It is recognized that Gaston SLA batteries have excellent charge retention characteristic. That is, their self-discharge rate is low and is typically less
than 3% per month at 20｡(68｡F). The self-discharge rate will vary as a function of ambient storage temperature.

Figure 9 SELF-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS

(%) 100

)F¡ C
(32ã
0¡ã

75
REMAINING CAPACITY

)F¡1(50C
ã
0¡ã

50
)F¡2(86C
ã
0¡ã

)F¡4C
(104ã
0¡ã )F¡3(86C
ã
0¡ã

25

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
STORAGE TIME (MONTHS)

Storage
Lead-acid batteries previously were affected by long term storage after charging. But Gaston SLA battery is not so affected. This

battery offers longer extended storage than conventional batteries. See Figure 9.
During storage, carry out supplementary charging according to the cycle shown in Table 3.
For supplementary charging after long storage, either the constant-voltage charge with 2.45v/cell, or the constant-current

charge with 0.05CA, is recommended. But, sometime, one supplementary charge may not recover to the 100% capacity. Such

Table 3 Storage temperature and recommended supplementary charge interval

 Recommended supple- Supplementary charge method
Storage temperature
mentary charge interval
¡£
Below 20｡ (68 F)
Every 6 months * More than 24 hours with a constant voltage of 2.275V/cell

¡£
)｡
2
6
o0
8
3
tF(
Every 3 months * 6 to 12 hours with a constant voltage of 2.45V/cell

£¡
Storage to be avoided * 6 to 12 hours with a constant current of 0.05CA
)｡
r6
ve
O
83
0
F(

Although the self-discharge rete is low, specific precautions must be taken against the battery over discharging itself by self-
discharge when in storage or not operating. In general, to optimize performance and service life, it is recommended that
Gaston batteries which are to be stored for extended periods of time be given a supplementary charge, commonly
referred to as "top charging",Periodically.
Top Charging
Since any battery losses capacity through self-discharge, it is recommended that a "top charging" be applied to any battery
which has been stored for a long perid of time, prior to putting the battery into service.
1.Ensure the OCV of the batter y is greater than 2 vpc. If the Voltage is lower than 2 vpc please refer the problem to
GASTON before attempting to recharge.
2. Excepting conditions in which storage temperatures have been abnormally high,top charging is recommended with the

Storage Time Top Charging Recommendation

Less than 6 months from manufacture or previous top charging. Maximum of 20 hours at a constant voltage of 2.4 vpc.

Up to 12 months after manufacture or previous top charging. Maximum of 24 hours at a constant voltage of 2.4 vpc.

Note: A faster recharge may be obtained by using the constant current method of charging. This requires a closer supervision of the charging procedures.

Less than 6 months (As above) Maximum of 6 hours at a constant current of 0.1 C Amps.

Up to 12 months (As above) Maximum of 10 hours at a constant current of 0.1C Amps.

Precautions Against Over Self-Discharge

a. The batteries should be stored in a cool, dry place.
b. The batteries should not be stored in direct sunlight.
c. The batteries should not be subjected to an external heat source.

11. Service Life

Similar to other batteries, Gaston valve regulated lead-acid battery develops electrode deterioration after extended use. When
the service life is reached, the capacity cannot be recovered by charging.
Depending on the charge method or service temperature, this battery may have a shorter life than a lead-acid battery with a large
quantity of electrolyte.

Discharge depth
Repetition of discharge with a large discharge quantity (that is,deep discharge) shortens the cycle life.
Discharge current magnitude
After repeating the discharge with a small discharge quantity (that is, light discharge), a very large discharge current will shorten the

Charge current magnitude

Excessively large charge current generates gas in a quantity exceeding the absorption rate of the battery. This causes internal pressure
to rise, and gas is expelled by the valve. Finally the electrolyte decreases and becomes empty.

Overcharge quantity
When it is overcharged, the battery component (plates, separators, and so on) will suffer for deterioration due to electrolytic oxidation.

Influence of ambient temperature

High ambient temperature accelerates deterioration of battery components. With constant-voltage charging, high ambient
temperature allows an unnecessary large quantity of charge current to flow, which results in a shorter service life. Charging at low
temperature, however, causes generation of H2 gas. This gas causes the internal pressure to increase or the electrolyte to decrease,

(1) Cycle service life

9
 figure 10 shows the relation between the discharge depth and number of cycle servicing. As the discharge depth increases during
servicing, the number of service cycles decrease. When used for similar loads, the battery which is designed for expanded
capacity will have a better service life.
(2) Trickle (float) charge service life
Figure 11 shows the battery capacity and trickle (or float) charge service life. The dark shaded portion indicates the range of the
service life characteristic.

Figure 11RELATION BETWEEN BATTERY TEMPERATURE AND

Figure 10 CYCLE SERVICE LIFE TRICKLE (FLOAT) CHARGE SERVICE LIFE
10
120 8

100 CHARGE VOLTAGE:

L I F E E X P E C TA N C Y ( Y E A R )
4 2.275 V/CELL
CAPACTTY(%)

80 3

DISCHARGE DEPTH 100% DISCHARGE DEPTH 50% DISCHARGE DEPTH 30% 2

60

40 1
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE:
20 to 25｡
68 to 77｡F
20
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
0.5 20 30 40 50 ()¡æ
0 NUMBER OF CYCLES (TIME) 68 86 104 122 (F)¡ã
BATTERY TEMPERATURE

12. Design Application Tips To Assure Sustained Maximum Service

Gaston batteries are fully efficient maintenance free electrochemical systems designed to provide years of trouble-free electronical
energy. The performance and service life of these batteries can be maximized by observing the following guidelines:
1. Heat kills batteries. Avoid placing batteries in close proximity to heat sources of any kind. The longest service life will be attained
when the battery is operated over an ambient temperature range of 20｡(68｡F).
2. Since a battery may generate ignitable gases, do not install close to any item that produces sparks.
3. When the battery is used in a container or bag, a ventilation opening should be provided. A cubicle containing the battery should
be provided with sufficient ventilation.
4. The battery is manufactured from high impact ABS plastic resin, placing it in an atmosphere of, or in contact with organic solvents or
adhesive materials should be avoided.
5. Correct terminals should be used on battery connecting wires. Coldering is not recommended but if unavoidable the solder
connection should be done as quickly as possible within three seconds using a 100 watt soldering iron.
6. Permissible operation temperature range of battery is -15｡to 50｡. But use at cycle service 5 to 35｡range is recommended.
7. Use shock absorber and fasten battery tightly when heavy vibration or shock is expected.
8. When connecting the batteries, free air space must be provided between each battery. The recommended minimum space
between batteries is 0.02 inches (5mm) to 0.04 inches (10mm).
9. When the batteries are to be assembled in series to provide more than 100V ensure proper handling to prevent electrical leakage.
10.If 2 or more battery groups are used in parallel connection, they must be connected to the load through equal length of cable.
11. When the batteries are used in an UPS system,
a) where D.C input exceeds 60volts, each battery should be insulated from the battery stand by using suitable polypropylene or
polyethylene material.
b) in high voltage systems, the resistance between battery and stand should always be greater than 1 Magohm. An appropriate
alarm circuit could be incorporated to monitor any current flow.
12.Clean the battery with a wet cloth. Never have the battery splashed or deposited with oils or organic solvents such as gasoline and
paint thinner, nor have it cleaned with cloths impregnated with these materials.
13.Do not attempt to dismantle the battery. If sulfuric acid is deposited due to mechanical damages on the skin or cloths, wash with
liberal amount of fresh water to get immediate medical attention.
14.A battery is liable to rupture if thrown into fire. Avoid such conduct at all times.