1. The document discusses peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts, outlining goals, conditions and directions. It defines key terms like peace education, conflicts, intractable conflicts, and reconciliation.
2. Intractable conflicts are those that last over 25 years and involve a culture of conflict passed down through generations. Many nations like Syria and Iraq have been embroiled in long wars resulting in massive death tolls.
3. Reconciliation requires mutual recognition, trust, and consideration between parties in a conflict. It aims to change motivations, beliefs and attitudes regarding the conflict. There are also six principles of effective peace education.
1. The document discusses peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts, outlining goals, conditions and directions. It defines key terms like peace education, conflicts, intractable conflicts, and reconciliation.
2. Intractable conflicts are those that last over 25 years and involve a culture of conflict passed down through generations. Many nations like Syria and Iraq have been embroiled in long wars resulting in massive death tolls.
3. Reconciliation requires mutual recognition, trust, and consideration between parties in a conflict. It aims to change motivations, beliefs and attitudes regarding the conflict. There are also six principles of effective peace education.
1. The document discusses peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts, outlining goals, conditions and directions. It defines key terms like peace education, conflicts, intractable conflicts, and reconciliation.
2. Intractable conflicts are those that last over 25 years and involve a culture of conflict passed down through generations. Many nations like Syria and Iraq have been embroiled in long wars resulting in massive death tolls.
3. Reconciliation requires mutual recognition, trust, and consideration between parties in a conflict. It aims to change motivations, beliefs and attitudes regarding the conflict. There are also six principles of effective peace education.
1. The document discusses peace education in societies involved in intractable conflicts, outlining goals, conditions and directions. It defines key terms like peace education, conflicts, intractable conflicts, and reconciliation.
2. Intractable conflicts are those that last over 25 years and involve a culture of conflict passed down through generations. Many nations like Syria and Iraq have been embroiled in long wars resulting in massive death tolls.
3. Reconciliation requires mutual recognition, trust, and consideration between parties in a conflict. It aims to change motivations, beliefs and attitudes regarding the conflict. There are also six principles of effective peace education.
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A CRITICAL COMPREHENSION PAPER ON PEACE EDUCATION IN “SOCITIES
INVOLVED IN INTRACTABLE CONFLICTS, GOALS, CONDITIONS AND
DIRECTIONS”. FPE101-Vv13 By: Dicunugun, Asnairah P. I. Previously, the discussion that Professor Mohammad-Yusoph P. Mapia shared us such ideas about FPE101 (FUNDAMENTALS OF PEACE EDUCATION) that all MSU students were required to take this course moving on to the next one that have been tackled about is the Societies involved in tractable conflicts, goals, conditions and directions as also been discussed with PPT(Power Point) that has been provided also by the professor. The nature of Peace Education in societies that were involved that are still involved in intractable conflicts. Accordingly to Lewis Coser, that most social conflict is based on the unequal distribution of scarce resources. Stated also that there are other general source of conflict comes from Marx. Marx’s concern was with a group’s sense of deprivations caused by class. There is no better time than now to create a culture of peace. Furthermore there is no social responsibility lighter or heavier than the responsibility of ensuring peace on our earth overall as also prepared by many authors that has been mentioned previously from the last meeting. Lewis Coser also distinguish two kinds of functional consequences of conflict the internal conflicts more about conflicts that only appear within the nation exists between indigenous populations or first nations and the national governments issues or conflicts mostly it is in the same social systems only, secondly is the External conflict conflicts or wars that are in which nation may involve itself; more violent conflicts. It also mentioned that Intractable conflicts is an one types of conflicts that will last at least for 25 years it will maintain and continued these type of conflicts when the evolvement of a culture of conflict that are dominated by societal beliefs of collective memories and ethos of conflicts. The younger generation is also exposed to this culture through family, societal channel and other cultural products. Many nations have been involved with war, these are the Syria, in the first five years of the war in Syria. Which began in 2011, estimated that 400,000 syrians were killed. As of march 2019, roughly 6.7 million Syrians have the fled the country and more than 6.1 million people are killed internally (CNN,2019). Iraq at least 2 people were have been killed and several others wounded in a blast from bomb planted on a bus near the Iraq city of karba, south Baghdad and many more that have been mentioned in the class previously form the PPT. many nations have been in war but therefore we need to maintain such peace in our nation for development to be achieved. Reconciliation consists of mutual recognition and acceptance, investment interests and goals in developing peaceful relations, mutual trust, positive attitudes and sensivity and consideration of the other party’s needs and interests. It goes beyond the agenda of formal conflicts resolution to the changing the motivations, goals, beliefs, attitudes and emotions by the great majority of society’s members regarding the conflicts, the nature of the relationships between tha parties, and the other parties themselves (Bar-Tal, D., Rosen, Y., & Nets-Zehngut, R, 2010). There are also 6 principles of peace education these are the Peace Education should be community oriented, peace education is an orientation, Peace education should begin during early childhood, Peace Education should be open-minded, Peace Education should be relevant and lastly Peace Education requires experimental learning. II. Definitions of terms Peace Education- promotes the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will help people either to prevent the occurrences of conflicts, resolve conflicts peacefully (Merriam-Webster). Conflicts – a clshing or sharp disagreement ( as between ideas, interests or purposes), mental struggle resulting from needsn drives, wishes or demands that are in opposition or are not compatible (Merriam-webster). Intractable Conflicts- widely perceived as an impossible dilemma: a situation with which there is no positive outcome, no solution Reconciliation- consists of mutual recognition and acceptance, investment interests and goals in developing peaceful relations, mutual trust, positive attitudes and sensivity and consideration of the other party’s needs and interests Bar-Tal, D., & Rosen, Y. (2009). Internal conflicts- exists between indigenous populations or first nations and the national government; actually between among groups that function within the same social system. External conflicts-wars in which a nation may involve itself; more violent conflict III. Issues or questions arises in the discussion and insights on their important. 1. Miscommunication. This might be an issues since even already tacklecs about such causes of conflicts and what conflicts it is having miscommunication is a big issue since it will lead to misunderstanding than eventually can cause such issues between two parties. 2. Not listening to the other party’s explanation. Without any explanation that have been heard conflicts are hereby concluded since there is only one sided story and been unheard about the other party that can usually cause such conflicts. 3. Cultural differences. In part of the cultural differences individual have different perspective therefore it is very hard to have such peace when two parties have different perspectives that doesn’t connect with 4. The unaccepting. As also mentioned in the class discussion acceptance is the main source of forgiving also so therefore if both and one party’s have not even accepted such thing for what happen then Peace couldn’t be attained. 5. Gender inequality. This issue mostly arises in other terms since individuals couldn’t understand such thing because of not putting their self in their shoes. IV. References Bar-Tal, D.,& Rosen, Y.(2010). Conditions for the development of peace education in societies involve in intractable conflict. In D. Berliner & H. Kupermintz (Eds.), Fostering change in institutions, environments and people. Bar-Tal, D., & Rosen, Y. (2009). Peace Education in Societies Involved in Intractable Conflicts: Direct and Indirect Models. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 557–575. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40469048
Maxwell, A.M., Enslin P.,& Maxwell, T. (2004). Education for peace in the midst of violence : A South African experience. Journal of Peace Education, 1,103-121