Designation: A1049/A1049M − 10 (Reapproved 2015)

Standard Specification for

Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for
Pressure Vessels and Related Components1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic

1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and asso- E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for
ciated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification General Industry
A182/A182M. G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any Ferric Chloride Solution
appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in
Specification A788/A788M. 2.2 Other Standards:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code3
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica- NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas
tion designation the material shall be furnished to the inch- Industries—Materials for Use in H2S—Containing Envi-
pound units. ronments in Oil and Gas Production4
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text 3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated 3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
with the specification. marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
tional supplementary requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and requirements of this specification shall prevail.
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves 3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be ma-
and Parts for High-Temperature Service chined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating the
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing proposed configuration of the forging at the time of the
of Steel Products specified solution heat treatment.
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel 3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternate
Forgings liquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treat-
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus- ment temperature.
tenitic Steel Forgings
3.2 The purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria for
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
either Methods B or C of Test Methods A923, if supplementary
quirements
requirement S1 is selected.
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3.3 The purchaser shall specify the required minimum
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value determined
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. according to the applicable equation in Table 1.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A1049/A1049M – 10.
DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-10R15.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Two Park
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NACE International, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX
the ASTM website. 77084, http://www.nace.org.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A1049/A1049M − 10 (2015)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A A
Grade F50 F51 F52A F53A F54B F55B F57B F59A F60A F61A
UNS No. S31200A S31803A S32950A S32750A S39274B S32760B S39277B S32520A S32205A S32550A
Carbon, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.04
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.50
Phosphorous, max 0.045 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.030
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00
Nickel 5.5-6.5 4.5-6.5 3.5-5.2 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.5-8.0 5.5-8.0 4.5-6.5 4.5-6.5
Chromium 24.0-26.0 21.0-23.0 26.0-29.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 22.0-23.0 24.0-27.0
Molybdenum 1.20-2.00 2.5-3.5 1.00-2.50 3.0-5.0 2.5-3.5 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-3.5 2.9-3.9
Nitrogen 0.14-0.20 0.08-0.20 0.15-0.35 0.240.32 0.24-0.32 0.20-0.30 0.23-0.33 0.20-0.35 0.14-0.20 0.10-0.25
Copper ... ... ... 0.50 max 0.20-0.80 0.50-1.00 1.20-2.00 0.50-3.00 ... 1.50-2.50
Tungsten ... ... ... ... 1.50-2.50 0.50-1.00 0.80-1.20 ... ... ...
A
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo) + 16(N)
B
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo + 1⁄2 W) + 16(N)

NOTE 1—The required PREN value for both the tungsten bearing forging Grades with the superscript B and the non-tungsten bearing Grades with the
superscript A frequently lies between 33 and 40 depending on service experience, so that the Purchaser shall specify the required minimum PREN value
(see 3.3).

TABLE 2 Solution Heat Treatment

3.4 When Practice A745/A745M is the basis for ultrasonic UNS Solution Temperature Water QuenchA
Grade to Below °F [°C]
examination in accordance with 7.1, the purchaser shall specify Designation °F [°C]
whether Quality levels 1 or 2 form the basis for acceptance. S31200 F 50 1925 [1050] min 200 [95]
S31803 F 51 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
Supplementary requirement S4 permits the purchaser to S32950 F 52 1825-1875 [1000-1025] 200 [95]
specify Practice A388/A388M in lieu of Practice A745/ S32750 F 53 1880 [1025] min 200 [95]
A745M, in which case the purchaser must also specify the S39274 F 54 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
S32760 F 55 2010-2085 [1100-1140] 200 [95]
acceptance criteria. S39277 F 57 1940 [1060] min 200 [95]
3.5 When Supplementary requirement S3, for pitting corro- S32520 F 59 1975-2050 [1080-1120] 200 [95]
S32205 F 60 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
sion testing, of Test Methods G48 is specified, the purchaser S32550 F 61 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
shall identify the method and test temperature to be used. A
Water quenching is required unless the use of another liquid quenching medium
3.6 When Supplementary requirement S5 for the liquid is approved by the purchaser (see 3.1.3).

penetrant examination of forgings in the final machined con-

figuration is specified, the purchaser shall specify the necessary
acceptance criteria, if the requirements of S19 in Specification 5.2 A PREN value is included as a requirement in Table 1
A788/A788M are not sufficient. depending on the specified Grade and this will further restrict
the chemical requirements.
4. Materials and Manufacture 5.3 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provi-
4.1 Steel melting and forging shall be in accordance with sions of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product analy-
Specification A788/A788M. sis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
4.2 Heat Treatment: 5.4 Dual marking is permitted when the actual values of the
4.2.1 Forgings may be machined before solution annealing listed elements match two or more of the Grades in Table 1;
at the manufacturer’s option, unless the purchaser requires that however, grade substitution such as combining a tungsten
machining to a prescribed configuration be done before heat bearing Grade with one that has no requirement for tungsten is
treatment (see 3.2). not permitted.
4.2.2 All forgings shall be reheated to the required tempera-
6. Mechanical Properties
ture for solution treatment followed, unless otherwise agreed
with the purchaser, by water quenching. With the purchaser’s 6.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the re-
consent (see 3.1.3) some other liquid quenching medium may quirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 3.
be used to rapidly cool the forging. The mechanical testing requirements of Test Methods A370
4.2.3 The solution treatment temperature is dependant on and Specification A788/A788M apply.
the ordered Grade or composition (UNS number) and shall be 6.2 Number of Tension Tests—The number and location of
as listed in Table 2. tension tests are based on the solution-treated weight of the
4.2.4 The forgings shall be held at the specified solution forging(s) from the same heat and solution treated in the same
treatment temperature for a minimum of 30 min per inch of furnace charge.
maximum heat-treated section thickness. 6.2.1 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb [2250 kg] as
heat treated one tension test shall be required. This may be
5. Chemical Requirements taken from an integral prolongation from one forging or from
5.1 The heat analysis taken in accordance with Specification a forged test bar. Separate forged test bars shall have been
A788/A788M shall comply with Table 1 for the ordered Grade. forged in the same manner, and with equivalent forging

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 A1049/A1049M − 10 (2015)
TABLE 3 Tensile Strength and Hardness Requirements
Yield Strength
Tensile Strength Elongation % Brinell Hardness
UNS 0.2 % Offset Reduction of Area
Grade ksi [MPa] in 2 in. or 50 mm HB
Designation ksi [MPa] % Minimum
Minimum or Range Minimum Maximum
Minimum
S31200 F 50 100-130 [690-900] 65 [450] 25 50 ...
S31803 F 51 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 45 ...
S32950 F 52 100 [690] 70 [485] 15 45 ...
S32750 F 53 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 45 310
S39274 F 54 116 [[800] 80 [550] 15 30 310
S32760 F 55 109-130 [750-900] 80 [550] 25 45 ...
S39277 F 57 118 [815] 85 [585] 25 50 ...
S32520 F 59 112 [770] 80 [550] 25 40 ...
S32205 F 60 95 [655] 70 [485] 25 45 ...
S32550 F 61 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 50 ...

reduction as the forgings they represent, and shall not be less 6.5 Hardness:
than the represented forgings in heat-treated section thickness. 6.5.1 For the Grades in Table 3 that have hardness limits,
6.2.1.1 When solution treatment is performed in a one hardness test per forging shall be taken after solution heat
continuous-type furnace, equipped with recording pyrometers, treatment.
such that complete heating records are available, a solution
6.5.2 Supplementary requirement S6 may be specified when
annealing charge may be considered as any continuous run for
the application comes under the rules of NACE MR0175/
forgings from the same heat not exceeding 8 h.
ISO15156.
6.2.2 For forgings weighing over 5000 lb [2250 kg] as heat
treated, one tension test shall be taken from each forging from
an integral prolongation. 7. Nondestructive Examination

6.3 Test Orientation—Tension tests shall be oriented in the 7.1 Ultrasonic Examination:
longitudinal direction, that is, parallel to the direction of 7.1.1 After solution treatment and the necessary machining
maximum working. For upset forged disks the test specimen to comply with the test practice requirements, the forging shall
axis may be oriented tangentially to the radius of the forging. be examined in accordance with Practice A745/A745M, except
6.4 Test Location—The location of the longitudinal axis of that when Supplementary Requirement S4 has been specified,
the tension test specimen shall be located midway between the Practice A388/A388M shall be employed.
parallel surfaces of the test extension if added to the periphery 7.1.2 When Practice A745/A745M is used, acceptance shall
of disks, or midway between the center and surface of solid be based on Quality Level 1 or 2, as specified by the purchaser.
forgings. For bored or hollow forgings the specimen shall be
located at midwall. For the special case of forgings that are heat 8. Rejection, Certification, and Marking
treated solid, but are subsequently bored, the specimen may be
8.1 Rejection, certification, and marking of forgings shall be
taken at the location of the minimum inside diameter after
in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.
boring instead of the mid-radius position. For tube sheets
intended for construction to Section VIII of the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, the tension test shall be located in 9. Keywords
accordance with Supplementary requirement S12 of Specifica- 9.1 austenitic/ferritic stainless steel; duplex stainless steel;
tion A788/A788M. forgings; PREN value; pressure vessels

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirement(s) shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order. Additional supplementary requirements that may be applicable are included in
Specification A788/A788M.

S1. Detrimental Intermetallic Phase Detection S1.3 The location of the test specimens for testing to
S1.1 Forgings in Grades F51 (S31803), F52 (S32950), and methods B or C of Test Methods A923 shall be as specified in
F60 (S32205) shall be subject to detrimental intermetallic 6.4 unless otherwise denoted by the purchaser.
phase detection in accordance with Test Methods A923. S1.4 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser accep-
S1.2 Method A of Test Methods A923 shall be followed by tance shall be as specified in Test Methods A923 for the chosen
either Charpy impact testing to Method B or a ferric chloride test method.
corrosion test to Method C at the purchaser’s option.

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 A1049/A1049M − 10 (2015)
S2. Charpy Impact Testing S4.2 The purchaser shall specify the examination criteria
S2.1 One set of three Charpy V-Notch specimens, prepared including the reference hole size for the DAC curve and the
and tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions acceptance criteria.
A370 shall be taken from each tension test location and tested
to the requirements of the applicable construction code, or as S5. Liquid Penetrant Examination
required by the purchaser. S5.1 For forgings in the final machined configuration a
S2.2 Test reporting shall include absorbed energy, lateral liquid penetrant examination done in accordance with Practice
expansion, fracture appearance, and test temperature.
E165/E165M shall be carried out on all accessible surfaces (see
S3. Corrosion Resistance 3.6). The penetrant system to be used shall be specified by the
purchaser.
S3.1 Testing for resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
shall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods G48. The S5.2 The acceptance criteria given in S19 of Specification
test temperature shall be as specified by the purchaser (see 3.5) A788/A788M shall apply unless otherwise specified by the
within the guidelines of Test Methods G48, and the actual test purchaser.
temperature shall be reported.
S3.2 The purchaser shall indicate which of the test methods S6. Hardness Testing
are to be used as well as the acceptance criteria.
S6.1 For applications that come under the requirements of
S4. Ultrasonic Examination NACE MR0175/ISO15156, hardness testing of forgings shall
be done as specified in that document.
S4.1 At the purchaser’s option Practice A388/A388M shall
be used instead of Practice A745/A745M for ultrasonic exami- S6.2 The maximum surface hardness of the forgings shall
nation. be in accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO15156.

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