i e #(a) -

e [ Ekoo, 7
.

2π
Let O, be another
contrag , O, =
+200,

=> O, (b) -
0, (a) = -O(a)
-

2Th 2Th

.
i e It doesn't depend on choice of
O
② p : Ta , b)
closed
+ to **(range of
y)
Then , Y, (t) =
j(t) -

zo is a closed curve

O
passingthrough Let
not .
obe
a its
ang of Us o(a) & indepen
@b1 -

2 Th dent
ono .
W
I no
evolutions completed
of
around to
by y .
=

Net
change in
angle larg
= Index of zo w r . . t
y

winding
= number
fw.r t to
of .

0(a) 2nd
Notation - :

- =
j1z0)
2π

O is ats U (t) e(t) zo

,
 Riemann Integration .

fita b) ,
-
I
fint in then ,
It= Jutiv
b

ju+i
a

Be
Propertias AR then
,

f+g R
is fundamental theorem I
X

f(x) =
(f(u)dx , it f +R
C

F(x) is
uniformly its
&
·

If f(x) is c at 's' then # is

at
f< =
f(c)
->
8
If , 57 are path them

is also path
( +
12) :
1 .

Its the and not that matters

Reparameterization
I path
V Tab)
: - ,
&
[d] - za , b] , t is one-one a outo ,
differentiable .
map
Cd" isAlo diff)
we says
goo is
separameterization of U
.
&
:
eg y Taib)
: - is a path
: y(a +b -
t) ; +t [a , b)

opposit pate
-

Jrif(z)dt
a
Remember
Notation
path by rets
f(t)
(r(t))v()dt t -

I change of
b variable

aff(r) r'(t) d

-
 Hence , it constant
.

g
,

> gar(a) -
zo) (b) -
z0)

using f(a) y(b)

g(a) -

g(b) ,
as
g(a) =O , I
we
get C 2
=

Hence , g(b) = Lin

Check the roots suies -

convergence
.