Ir 2014 Edition 1st Edition Scott Test Bank

IR 2014 Edition 1st Edition Scott Test
Bank
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CHAPTER 7 - Building Peace: Structures and Institutions of Cooperation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In 1991, a UN-sanctioned, American-led military coalition successfully drove Iraqi forces out of which
country?
a. Afghanistan
b. Iran
c. Israel
d. Kuwait
e. Saudi Arabia
ANS: D NOT: Factual
2. The 1982 treaty, revised in 1994, that sets rules for the uses and protection of the high seas is called
a. Geneva Accords.
b. Law of the Sea Convention.
c. Treaty of the High Seas.
d. Treaty of Versailles.
e. Vienna Convention on the Law of the Seas.
ANS: B REF: 180 NOT: Factual
3. Why has the United States Senate refused to sign the Law of the Sea Convention?
a. Because they fear it will constrain U.S. power
b. Because the treaty requires America to admit fault for previous wrongs
c. Because the president has asked them not to
d. Because Iran is a party to the agreement
e. Because important naval powers like China have not signed
ANS: A REF: 180 NOT: Conceptual
4. Which of the following best summarizes how anarchy complicates cooperation in the international
system?
a. Issues are too complex for cooperation to occur.
b. Powerful countries only want to interact with each other.
c. States find it difficult to reach agreements across diverse interests.
d. The United Nations prevents cooperation because of its structure.
e. With no central authority, states can cheat on agreements.
ANS: E REF: 181 NOT: Conceptual
5. A 2011 meeting between U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller and representatives from
several other countries to discuss further nuclear arms disarmament is an example of
a. custom.
b. diplomacy.
c. realism.
d. reciprocity.
e. unit veto.
ANS: B REF: 182 NOT: Applied
6. We refer to those people who represent and negotiate on behalf of their country or employer and who
are housed in the foreign policy establishment of states or the management of other organizations as
a. ambassadorial assistants.
b. bureaucrats.
c. diplomats.
d. non-state actors.
e. principals.
ANS: C REF: 182 NOT: Factual
7. In the United States, most diplomats are located where within the government?
a. Armed Forces
b. Department of Defense
c. Department of Homeland Security
d. Department of State
e. National Security Council
ANS: D REF: 183 NOT: Factual
8. Wendy works for the Department of State. She lives in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, and represents
the United States government’s interests in Poland. Wendy is an example of a(n)
a. Ambassador of State.
b. Bureaucrat Abroad.
c. Foreign Service Officer.
d. Non-state Actor.
e. Principle Agent.
ANS: C REF: 183 NOT: Applied
9. Men make up ______ of the countries’ foreign policy establishments.

a. more than half
b. a large majority
c. half
d. none
e. less than half
10. Despite diplomatic immunity, diplomats are increasingly under the risk of physical attack, especially
from
a. dictators.
b. non-state actors.
c. secret police.
d. their own government.
e. United Nations officials.
11. The minimum that a side will accept in a negotiation is known as a(n)
a. endgame.
b. limit break.
c. minimum acceptable offer.
d. resistance point.
e. settlement gap.
12. You decide it’s time to purchase a used car. You go to the dealership and negotiate over the price. The
dealer knows that the absolute least they will sell you the car for is $5000. The absolute most that you
will pay for the car is $8000. We refer to the area between $5000 and $8000 as the
a. endgame.
b. limit break.
e. settlement gap.
ANS: E REF: 184 NOT: Applied
13. According to liberals, the best way to bridge the settlement gap is
a. compellence.
b. diplomacy.
c. economic pressure.
d. sanctions.
e. use of force.
ANS: B REF: 184 NOT: Conceptual
14. Miranda and Julio are having a hard time deciding where to eat dinner and what movie to see. Miranda
wants to have pizza and watch a horror movie while Julio would rather have a hamburger and see a
comedy. Miranda proposes that they have pizza and go to a comedy, so that each of them gets
something they want. This is an example of
a. endgame.
b. linkage strategy.
e. settlement gap.
ANS: B REF: 184 | 186 NOT: Applied
15. The phase of negotiation where the agenda is set is known as

a. adjournment.
b. opening.
c. preparatory.
d. statement.
e. substantive negotiation.
16. Changes in transportation have had what effect on diplomacy in the past 100 years?
a. Fewer meetings about security-related issues
b. Meetings are announced further in advance.
c. Meetings involve more planning.
d. Meetings now tend to occur in neutral areas.
e. More meetings between high-level officials
17. A diplomatic meeting between the President of the United States and the British Prime Minister would
be an example of a(n)
a. emergency meeting.
b. maximal meeting.
c. peak meeting.
d. summit meeting.
e. urgency meeting.
ANS: D REF: 186 NOT: Applied
18. Diplomacy involving many states at the same time is known as

a. bilateral diplomacy.
b. conference diplomacy.
c. multilateral diplomacy.
d. secret diplomacy.
e. third-party diplomacy.
19. The rise of international organizations like the United Nations has made which kind of diplomacy
more common?
a. Bilateral diplomacy
b. Emergency diplomacy
c. Multilateral diplomacy
d. Parliamentary diplomacy
e. Track-II diplomacy
ANS: C REF: 187 NOT: Conceptual
20. When an outside party is engaged to help negotiations between the actual parties to a dispute, we call
this
c. multilateral diplomacy.
d. secret diplomacy.
e. third-party diplomacy.
ANS: E REF: 187 NOT: Factual
21. The type of third-party diplomacy that requires the most active intervention on the part of the third
party is
a. adjudication.
b. arbitration.
c. good offices.
d. mediation.
e. settlement.
ANS: A REF: 187 | 188 NOT: Conceptual
22. One of the advantages of Track II diplomacy is

a. a neutral arbiter can bring sides together.
b. experts on the issues at hand can have more of a say.
c. it allows for many sides to be heard.
d. only the relevant parties of concern have to worry.
e. solutions can be discussed without the burdens of formal negotiation.
23. When a private citizen like U2’s lead singer Bono helps to bring a resolution to an interstate crisis, this
is an example of what kind of diplomacy?
b. Conference diplomacy
c. Multilateral diplomacy
d. Third party diplomacy
24. Multilateral diplomacy that takes place within the confines of a large diplomatic meeting would best
be considered
c. emergency diplomacy.
d. third party diplomacy.
e. track-II diplomacy.
ANS: B REF: 188 NOT: Conceptual
25. _____ are networks of experts who bring their knowledge to the political arena to help policymakers.
a. Authoritarian regimes
b. Boundary groups
c. Diplomats
d. Epistemic communities
e. Professional societies
26. The Rio +20 meeting that took place in 2012 to discuss sustainable development is an example of what
kind of diplomacy?
b. Conference diplomacy
c. Emergency diplomacy
d. Third party diplomacy
27. According to the textbook which of the following ends to a war is most likely to lead to lasting peace?
a. Negotiation with third-party
b. Negotiation without third-party
c. Peace with honor
d. Stalemate
e. Victory
28. What is international law?

a. A body of rules that binds states and other agents in world politics in their relations with
one another
b. A strategy of connecting solutions on one issue to proposals on another to facilitate
agreement
c. The condition in which parties to a dispute must submit the case to a court.
d. The emerging principle asserting that states themselves can prosecute violators of certain
rules even if the alleged violator is from another country.
e. The general practice of states accepted as valid
ANS: A REF: 190 NOT: Factual
29. Which theoretical approach places the strongest emphasis on the positive power of international law?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
30. For a war to be considered just under the principles of jus ad bellum, it must have all of the following
except
a. a priori limitation.
b. competent authority.
c. just cause.
d. proportionality.
e. right intention.
ANS: A REF: 191 NOT: Conceptual
31. The International Court of Justice (or the World Court) is part of what international organization?
a. European Union
b. North American Free Trade Agreement
c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
d. United Nations
e. World Trade Organization
32. Two countries that have a dispute over perceived violations of international law might bring their case
to which organization?
a. International Court of Justice
b. Justice League
c. North American Free Trade Agreement
d. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
ANS: A REF: 191 NOT: Applied
33. Which of the following is NOT a source of international law identified in the text?
a. Custom
b. General principles
c. Natural law
d. Treaties
e. Writings of jurists
34. According to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

a. diplomatic immunity applies to treaties.
b. only treaties that are notarized are valid.
c. states forced to sign a treaty are not obligated to uphold it.
d. the United Nations has the right to enforce treaties.
e. treaties signed before the creation of the United Nations are not valid.
35. Even though no formal treaty marks the boundary between Country A and Country B, the two states
have historically accepted that the midpoint of the deepest part of the river separating them is a valid
boundary. This is an example of which source of international law?
a. Custom
b. General principles
c. Natural law
d. Treaties
e. Writings of jurists
36. In 1998, a Spanish court indicted former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet for violations of human
rights committed in Chile (and not in Spain itself). This is an example of
a. ambassadorial courtesy.
b. diplomatic immunity.
c. foreign service exemption.
d. protection from law.
e. universal jurisdiction.
37. The principle that states follow international laws so that others will do so in return is known as
a. custom.
b. diplomacy.
c. liberalism.
d. reciprocity.
e. unit veto.
38. Which theoretical approach is most likely to point out that the areas where international law breaks
down and states act in self-interested manners are those areas that we most care about and that are
most central to international security?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
39. Country X believes that Country Y is violating part of its obligations under a treaty they signed.
Country X decides to pull diplomatic representation from Country Y until the issue is resolved. This is
an example of what kind of enforcement?
a. Extradition enforcement
b. Horizontal enforcement
c. National enforcement
d. Temporary enforcement
e. Vertical enforcement
40. One major problem with horizontal enforcement is that states selectively apply it to benefit friends and
strategic allies. This criticism of horizontal enforcement is most consistent with which theoretical
approach?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
ANS: E REF: 194 | 195 NOT: Conceptual
41. When the United Nations Security Council authorizes the use of force against a state found to be
violating international law, this is an example of
a. extradition enforcement.
b. horizontal enforcement.
c. national enforcement.
d. temporary enforcement.
e. vertical enforcement.
42. The condition that states that parties to a case must submit it to a court of law is known as _____
jurisdiction.
a. appellate
b. compulsory
c. original
d. total
e. universal
43. Which theoretical approach argues that international organizations are created by powerful capitalist
states and economic elites to take advantage of less economically powerful countries?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
ANS: D REF: 197 NOT: Conceptual
44. The United Nations General Assembly allows for any member state to bring an issue for consideration
by the countries of the world. This is an example of which function of international organizations?
a. Constrain state behavior
b. Generate technical information
c. Pool resources
d. Regularize interactions
e. Serve as forums for communication
45. The Andean Common Market, which invites membership from countries in and around the Andes
mountains and focuses primarily on one issue (trade) is an example of what type of international
organization?
a. Global, multiple issue
b. Global, single issue
c. Planetary, multiple issue
d. Regional, multiple issue
e. Regional, single issue
46. The United Nations is an example of what type of international organization?

a. Global, multiple issue
b. Global, single issue
c. Planetary, single issue
d. Regional, multiple issue
e. Regional, single issue
47. _____ is a decision process by which each member gets one vote and obtaining more than 50 percent
of the votes wins.
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
48. _____ is a decision process by which each member gets a certain amount of votes proportional to some
factor such as size, power, or wealth.
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
49. The UN Security Council, where any one of five countries can stop a measure they disapprove of, is an
example of what voting rule?
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
ANS: D REF: 202 NOT: Applied
50. Which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?
a. China
b. France
c. Germany
d. United Kingdom
e. Russia
51. Which multilateral organization tried to maintain stability in Europe from 1815 to 1854?
a. Concert of Europe
b. European Union
c. League of Nations
d. United Nations
ANS: A REF: 203 NOT: Factual
52. What international organization was created after World War I for collective security purposes?
a. Concert of Europe
b. European Union
c. League of Nations
d. United Nations
53. Which of the following is NOT a basic purpose of the United Nations according to the textbook?
a. Achieving international cooperation
b. Developing friendly relations among states
c. Harmonizing actions of nations
d. Maintaining international peace and security
e. Transitioning the world to democratic systems
54. The main UN headquarters is located in which city, demonstrating the realities of power in the world
at the time of the UN’s founding?
a. Geneva
b. London
c. Moscow
d. New York City
e. Paris
55. Which of the following is NOT one of the main bodies of the United Nations?
a. Commission on Security
b. General Assembly
c. International Court of Justice
d. Secretariat
e. Security Council
ANS: A REF: 205 | 207 NOT: Factual
56. The main plenary body of the United Nations, in which each member state has one seat and one vote is
a. Economic and Social Council.
b. General Assembly.
c. International Court of Justice.
d. Secretariat.
e. Security Council.
57. The United Nations Security Council has ____ members at any one time; ____ of those members
is/are permanent and DO/ES NOT rotate.
a. 5; 1
b. 10; 2
c. 15; 5
d. 20; 10
e. 192; 0
ANS: C REF: 202 | 207 NOT: Factual
58. The permanent members of the Security Council represent

a. countries who donate the most money per capita to the United Nations.
b. five of the most important continents.
c. the five biggest powers at the time of the creation of the United Nations.
d. the five countries with the biggest armies.
e. the top five countries according to Gross Domestic Product.
59. The most visible person in the United Nations who heads the large bureaucracy of the UN is the
a. Chief of Security.
b. Foreign Minister.
c. President.
d. Prime Minister.
e. Secretary-General.
60. The body of the UN responsible for supervising many of the subsidiary commissions, committees and
agencies such as the World Trade Organization and UNICEF is
d. Secretariat.
ANS: A REF: 207 | 209 NOT: Factual
61. The only country currently paying the top rate of membership dues to the United Nations is
a. Canada.
b. China.
c. Russia.
d. United Kingdom.
e. United States.
62. The bureaucratic and administrative arm of the United Nations is called the
d. Secretariat.
ESSAY
1. How do anarchy, complexity, and diversity make cooperation difficult in the international system?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
2. Given the risk of cheating, why would states choose to cooperate in the international arena at all?
ANS:
3. How do liberals explain cooperation under international organizations? How does that differ from the
explanations realists give?
ANS:
4. What are the different forms of diplomacy? What types of issues go hand-in-hand with each form?
ANS:
5. Why might a state choose to follow an area of international law that is contrary to its interests?
ANS:
6. Which sources of international law might a realist find most persuasive? How would that differ from a
liberal?
ANS:
7. What areas would you expect international organizations to be most successful in facilitating
cooperation and why?
ANS:
8. How do we define whether the United Nations has been a “success” or not? According to the
definition that you have given, do you believe it has been successful?
ANS:
9. Under what circumstances would we expect diplomacy to be more or less successful and why?
ANS:
10. Why would a state choose to join an international organization? Under what circumstances would the
benefits outweigh the costs to sovereignty?
ANS:

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IR 2014 Edition 1st Edition Scott Test

9. Men make up ______ of the countries’ foreign policy establishments.

15. The phase of negotiation where the agenda is set is known as

18. Diplomacy involving many states at the same time is known as

22. One of the advantages of Track II diplomacy is

28. What is international law?

34. According to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

46. The United Nations is an example of what type of international organization?

58. The permanent members of the Security Council represent

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