UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION

SYSTEMS ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

IRENE BAABA JACKSON

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2022
 UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION

SYSTEMS ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

IRENE BAABA JACKSON

(2000028455)

A dissertation in the Department of Accounting,

School of Business, submitted to the School of
Graduate Studies, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Master of Business Administration
(Accounting)
in the University of Education, Winneba

MARCH, 2022
 DECLARATION

Student’s Declaration

I, Irene Baaba Jackson, declare that this project work, with the exception of quotations
and references contained in published works which have all been identified and duly
acknowledged, is entirely my own original work, and it has not been submitted, either
in part or whole, for another degree elsewhere.

Signature…………………………………..

Date ………………….……………………

Supervisor’s Declaration

I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work was supervised in
accordance with the guidelines for supervision of thesis/dissertation as laid down by
the University of Education, Winneba.

Mr. Michael Asiedu Amoh (Supervisor)

Signature: ………………………………….

Date: ………………………………………

iii
 DEDICATION

This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Ms. Theresa Aba Essel and my husband

Mr. Seth Nii Gordon.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am forever grateful to you, Mr. Michael Asiedu Amoh for supervising my work and

also for helping me to pursue this programme in the first place. Special thanks also to

my family especially my grandmother and big sister and my friends for your constant

motivation to move on. To all my colleagues, I say thank you for your cooperation.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page

DECLARATION iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Background to the Study 1

1.1 Statement of the Problem 3

1.2 Research Objectives 5

1.3 Research Questions 5

1.4 Research Hypotheses 5

1.5 Significance of the Study 6

1.6 Delimitations 6

1.7 Organisation of the Study 7

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8

2.0 Overview 8

2.1 Theoretical Review 8

2.1.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology 8

2.1.2 The Technology Usage and Impact Model 9

2.1.3 Justification for Choice of Theories 10

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2.2 Conceptual Framework 12

2.3 Accounting Information System 13

2.4 Effectiveness of Accounting Information System in corporate performance 15

2.5 Effects of Accounting Information System on Financial Performance 18

2.6 Effects of Accounting Information System on Managerial Performance 19

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22

3.0 Overview 22

3.1 Research Design 22

3.2 Population 23

3.2.1 Study Unit and Organisation 23

3.2.2 Source of Data 24

3.2.3 Sampling Technique 24

3.2.4 Sample Size of the Study 24

3.3 Data Collection Instrument 25

3.4 Reliability of Instruments 25

3.5 Data Collection Procedure 26

3.6 Method of Data Analysis 26

3.7 Ethical Considerations 27

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF

RESEARCH FINDINGS 28

4.0 Introduction 28

4.1 Respondents Demographics 28

4.2 Effectiveness of Accounting Information System in the University of Education30

vii
4.3 The Impact of Accounting Information System on Financial performance

in the UEW 32

4.4 The Influence of Accounting Information System on Managerial

Performance in the UEW 37

4.5 Chapter Summary 40

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41

5.0 Introduction 41

5.1 Summary of Key Research Findings 41

5.1.1 Impact of Accounting Information System in the University of Education 42

5.1.2 Effect of Accounting Information System Usage on the Financial

Performance in the University of Education 42

5.1.3 Influence of Accounting Information System Usage on the Managerial

Performance in the University of Education 43

5.2 Conclusions 43

5.3 Contribution of the Study 43

5.4 Recommendations 44

5.5 Dissertation Future Pointers 45

REFERENCES 46

APPENDIX 51

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

2. 1: Theoretical application gap analysis 11

4. 1: Background demographics information of the respondents 29

4. 2: The descriptive statistics of accounting information system usage

in the UEW 31

4. 3: The descriptive statistics of accounting information system usage

on financial performance of the UEW 34

4. 4: Model fit information 35

4. 5: Coefficients of corporate performance on financial performance 36

4. 6: The descriptive statistics of AIS usage on managerial performance

in the UEW 38

4. 7: Model fit information for corporate performance on managerial performance 39

4. 8: Coefficients of corporate performance on managerial performance 40

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

2. 1: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 9

2. 2: Technology Usage and Impact Model 10

2. 3: Conceptual framework 12

x
 ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the effect of accounting information system on corporate

performance using University of Education, Winneba (UEW) as a case. The study
used a quantitative research design with a sample size of 98 participants were from
the finance and account departments and other relevant departments of the UEW. The
study unveiled the positive impact of the accounting information system usage on
financial performance of UEW. Moreover, the usage of the accounting information
system influences the financial performance leading to a contribute effect on the
corporate performance in accordance to the AIS usage in UEW. The study made the
following recommendations: Computer infrastructure for the accounting information
system is very essential in ensuring smooth deployment and usage of the AIS. Hence,
authorities of the UEW should be ever ready to provide the computer infrastructure
needs to actualise the benefits of the AIS usage. The UEW should regularly organise
workshops and training seminars on the usage of the accounting information system.
The training could be in-house or off-campus depending on the suitability and
availability of training opportunities and openings. The UEW should empower the
information technology team and appropriate stakeholders with state-of-the-art
technologies to rectify all challenges diagnosed from the deployment and usage of the
accounting information system.

xi
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Background to the Study

The use of accounting information is indispensable in the management

activities of a company and accounting information is basically intended to be

beneficial in economic decision-making (Al-Dalabih, 2018). Accounting information

is required by management and shareholders, who need periodic financial data in

order to assess the performance of the company's management (Quatanani & Hezabr,

2015). Organisational performance is the ultimate dependent variable of interest for

scholars concerned with any area of management (Richard, Devinney, Yip &

Johnson, 2009). Although strategic management literature is dominated by

organisational performance, economics, finance, and accounting, it is not

unchallenged. Performance is one of the efficacy indicators, with both merits and

demerits. Richard et al., (2009) opines that there are three explicit areas of firm

outcomes encompassed in organisational performance: financial performance (profits,

return on assets, return on investment, etc.); product market performance - sales,

market share, among others and finally, shareholder return (total shareholder return,

economic value added, etc.).

According to studies conducted by Hongjiang Xu, (2010), management

performs different types of activities which call for quality and reliable information.

The study indicated that quality information is one of the competitive advantages for

an organisation (Sahawneh, Hayek & Bshayreh, 2016). It is evident that installing

advanced accounting information systems can support organisations to achieve

greater levels of financial and managerial performance. Accounting Information

System (AIS) is a computer based system that improves the control and enhances the

1
corporation in an organisation (Hla & Teru, 2015). They further indicate that in

managing an organisation and implementing an internal control system, the part

accounting information system plays is very essential, as such the main reasons

several businesses implement this system are to improve their business efficiency and

increase competitiveness (Hla & Teru, 2015).

The main purpose of an Accounting Information System (AIS) is the gathering

and recording of data and information about activities that have an economic impact

upon organisations and the maintenance, processing and communication of such

information to internal and external stakeholders (Makuku, 2020). AIS aims at

accomplishing a general objective of providing the accounting information that

benefits its users. Achieving this general objective leads to attaining several sub-

objectives at the same time, the most significant among which are (Al-Dalabih, 2018;

Ali, 2011):

1. Measuring all economic activities that occur within the institution through the

processes of data gathering, storing, recording, labelling and summarizing in

the accounting registers.

2. Distributing the accounting information through a set of documents and

reports to all those who can benefit from it, which include the administrators

in the institution who use these information in performance evaluation and

making appropriate decisions.

3. Attaining internal control over all material elements that are in the institution.

In this regard, integrating Accounting Information System (AIS) into the field of

Information and Technology systems (IT) creates avenues to provide information that

could help different managers in the monitoring, evaluation, planning and decision-

making functions (Sahawneh, Hayek & Bshayreh, 2016). Financial managers require

2
the financial and accounting data provided by AIS to appraise the organisations past

performance and to draw future plans. AIS is a system for managing and processing

transactions, disseminating required reports, and ensuring an appropriate control

environment concerning business financial transaction. The results of AIS, the

financial reports, are necessary at numerous levels of management and by other

stakeholders (Sahawneh, et. al., 2016; Hla & Teru, 2015).

Successful execution of accounting information systems has benefits,

improvement in work quality, enhanced flow of product, better flexibility,

multifunctional ability, motivation of using software application, problem solving

capability of employees, increased productivity and performance in terms of

production cost, and finally increased emphasis on suppliers’ integration (Al-Bawab,

2017, Ware, 2015, Singhal et al., 2020 ).

1.1 Statement of the Problem

Some past studies have tried explaining the accounting information systems in

various disciplines. Nevertheless, the limitation of the few past research works gives

enough justification for the performance of this dissertation as a further scholarly

investigative piece. First, these studies examine the effect of using accounting

information system in banks ( Hossin and Ayedh, 2016; Mueedh & Suryawanshi,

2018; Al-Rashdan, Alwadi & Iskandar, 2020). Also, some studies focus on the

accounting information system usage in general development of organisations

(Makuku, 2020; Almuaideen, 2021; Al-Bawab, 2017)

Surprisingly, many of such studies focused on banking and other corporate

organisations excluding the tertiary education institutions like the universities.

Arguably, extensive studies have not been undertaken explicitly on accounting

3
information systems and corporate performance of tertiary education institutions in

developing countries and developed countries. This dissertation seeks to fill these

research issues and literature gap.

In Ghana, few previous studies have tried explaining the accounting

information systems within organisational settings in Ghana (Amidu, Effah & Abor,

2011; Adulai, 2018). For instance, Amidu, Effah and Abor (2011) examined the

electronic accounting practices among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in

Ghana. Their findings uncovered SMEs using accounting computer applications to

produce financial intelligence to manage their operations. Another study by Adulai

(2018) investigated the computerised accounting information systems adoption among

Ghanaian small and medium enterprises. The study indicated SMEs owners influence

the acceptance of computerised accounting information system.

However, none of the studies aforementioned said anything close to tertiary

education institutions in Ghana. Existing literature and scholarly evidence on the

relationship among AIS, corporate performance, financial performance and

managerial performance in tertiary education institution like the University of

Education, Winneba (UEW) are very scarce and scanty. The completion of this

dissertation is likely to close this context gap in some ways. Some existing study

assumed that corporate performance is a function of the financial performance,

performance management, and accounting information system (Al-Rashdan, Daoud &

Triki, 2013; Khalaf et al., 2020; Beg 2020). This study seeks to align the accounting

information system usage with corporate performance, financial performance and

managerial performance in UEW to provide clarity on the research gaps identified.

4
1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of accounting information

systems on corporate performance using the University of Education, Winneba as a

case. This study explored the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of

Technology and the Technology Usage and Impact Model of evaluating the effects of

AIS on the performance of the institution.

1.2 Research Objectives

From the foregone, the study specifically sought to:

1. determine the effectiveness of the AIS usage in the University of Education,

Winneba.

2. assess the effects of AIS usage on financial performance in the University of

Education, Winneba.

3. evaluate the effects of AIS usage on managerial performance in the University

of Education, Winneba.

1.3 Research Questions

To achieve the objectives set, this study sought to answer the following questions;

1. how effective is the AIS usage in the University of Education, Winneba?

2. what is the effect of AIS usage on financial performance in the University of

Education, Winneba?

3. what are the effects of AIS usage on managerial performance in the University

of Education, Winneba?

1.4 Research Hypotheses

Base on the research objectives, the study works around the following

hypotheses:

5
H1: The financial performance influences corporate performance with respect to AIS

usage in the UEW

H2: The managerial performance affects corporate performance in accordance with

AIS usage in the UEW

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study would not only add to previous works that have been done in this

area, but also provoke further research into effect of AIS on financial and managerial

performance functions in relation to tertiary institutions in Ghana. It is envisaged that

the findings of this study would bring to the fore the effect of AIS on the

organisational performance of tertiary educational institutions.

The study would also determine the AIS available for use in the institution and

how effectively they are being used. The findings of the study would further introduce

new insights on the effect of AIS on financial and managerial performance functions

in relation to tertiary institutions in Ghana.

Finally, the findings would help the University Council and top management

in decision making with regard to the use of AIS. Since there is very limited

information or research on the effects of AIS in tertiary institutions and educational

administration in Ghana as a whole, the findings of this study would add up to

existing knowledge in the field of financial and accounting administration of

educational institutions and by extension to other corporate organisations.

1.6 Delimitations

The study was delimited to the University of Education, Winneba in the

Central Region. This was due to time constraints and other resources. Also, the

6
outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic made it difficult to go round collecting data

since there was lock down in some parts of the country. Physical distancing was also a

law. Staff rotation was the practice of many institutions so all these made conducting

the study in UEW more convenient and relatively easier to conduct.

1.7 Organisation of the Study

The study was organized in five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction and

it includes the background to the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the

study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and

delimitations of the study. Chapter two discussed the theoretical framework and the

review of relevant literature. Chapter three was basically about the methodology

employed in the study. This includes the research design, population, sample and

sampling technique. It also described the procedure adopted in collecting data and

how the data was analyzed. Chapter four presented the results of the study. Chapter

five presented a summary of the findings, conclusions drawn and make

recommendations made.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0 Overview

The chapter reviews relevant literature that hinge on the objectives of the

study and discusses the theoretical framework for the study. It considers key theories,

concepts and studies which have been conducted that are relevant to achieving the

purpose and objectives of this study by answering questions.

2.1 Theoretical Review

This section throws light on selection, application and justification of the

theoretical framework for the study. This is to situate the study in a philosophical

sense. The following subsections consider the unified theory of acceptance and usage

of technology, the technology usage and impact model and justification of the

selected theory and model.

2.1.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology

The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was

propagated by Venkatesh and Bala (2008). The basis for the development of this

theory is acceptance and usage of technologies. They proclaimed that acceptance and

usage of technology such as accounting information system is graduated by

performance expectancy, facilitating environment, effort expectancy and social

relationship. These elements are said to influence the intentions and behaviour of

users in using technology such as accounting information system in organisations

(Venketesh & Bala, 2008; Almubaideen, 2021; Al-Bawab, 2017). The theory

comprise of four main moderating components. They are: gender, age, experience and

8
voluntariness of technology usage. This study focuses on the performance expectancy,

effort expectancy and facilitating environment to help evaluate the accounting

information system usage on corporate performance in UEW. Figure 2.1 illustrates

the UTAUT model

Figure 2. 1: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Source: Venkatesh, and Bala, (2008)

2.1.2 The Technology Usage and Impact Model

According to Abugabah, Sanzogni and Poropat (2009), there are shortcomings

in the usage of technology acceptance model (TAM) generations and the UTAUT.

For example, TAM has been critique due to the limitations on task concentrations and

elucidations towards voluntary usage of information systems for performance

measurement of users. In providing solutions to these limitations, Abugabah,

Sanzogni and Poropat (2009) put forward an information system model to

comprehend the effect or impact of using information system such as accounting

information system in organisations. The model illustrates the task-technology fit,

perceived system quality, perceived information quality, user characteristics,

9
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use towards performance (efficiency and

effectiveness). Figure 2.2 demonstrates the technology usage and impact model.

Figure 2. 2: Technology Usage and Impact Model

Source: Abugabah, Sanzogni and Poropat (2009)

2.1.3 Justification for Choice of Theories

The UTAUT and the technology usage and impact model can applied to

analyse, elaborate and measure the effect of accounting information system usage on

corporate performance, financial performance and managerial performance of

organisations. Astonishingly, this has scarcely happened in accounting and

information systems studies. Few studies have applied theoretical framework in study

phenomenon in accounting and information systems. For instance, Amidu, Effah &

Abor (2011) studied electronic accounting practices among SMEs in Ghana using the

theory of diffusion of innovations.

10
 Similarly, Abdulai (2018) uses technology-organisation-framework and the

diffusion of innovation theory to examine the adoption of computerised accounting

information system among Ghanaian SMEs. Most of the studies failed to apply clear

theoretical framework to study research issues in accounting information systems

within organisational settings (Abdallah, 2013Al-Bawa, 2017; Almbaidin, 2014). See

table 2.1 for details theoretical application gap analysis

Table 2. 1: Theoretical application gap analysis

Author (s) Research Issue Theory
Abdulai (2018) Adoption of computerised Technology-Organisation-
accounting information systems Environment framework
among Ghanaian SMES (TOE) and the Diffusion
of Innovation Theory
Amidu, Effah E-accounting practices among SMEs The theory of diffusion of
and Abor (2021) in Ghana innovations
Amanamah, Computerised accounting system No clear theoretical
Morrision and usage by SMEs in Kumasi application
Asiedu (2016)
Abdallah (2013) The impact of using accounting No clear theoretical
information systems on the quality application
of financial statements
Al-Bawa (2017) Accounting information system role No clear theoretical
in improving financial management application
in private hospitals in Jordan
Almbaidin The effectiveness of accounting No clear theoretical
(2014) information systems in Jordanian application
banks: the perspective of
management
Almubaideen The effectiveness of accounting No clear theoretical
(2021) information system on open application
budgeting
Al-Rashdan, Accounting information system No clear theoretical
Alwadi and features on companies financial application
Iskandar (2020) performance
Beg (2018) Impact of AIS on financial No clear theoretical
performance application
Hossin and Risk of E-Accounting information No clear theoretical
Ayedh (2016) system in banks application
Source: Author (2022)

11
 Based on the aforementioned gap and the research objectives this study adapt

to the technology usage and impact model (TUIM) from Abugabah, Sanzogni and

Poropat (2009). The UTAUT will be used for supportive explanations the theoretical

underpining of the study.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for the study is based on the adaptation to the

technology usage and impact model and the UTAUT. The conceptual model

operational flow starts with accounting information system (System hardware and

software, System quality, Information quality, System uses and User’s quality). The

accounting information usage is expected to produce financial and managerial

performance. The financial and managerial performance contribute to corporate

performance in organisation like the University of Education, Winneba. Figure 2.4

illustrates the conceptual framework of this dissertation.

Figure 2. 3: Conceptual framework

12
Source: Author (2020)
2.3 Accounting Information System

Accounting Information System (AIS) is a tool designed to help in

administration and regulation of organisation financial resources when incorporated

with information technology system (Mkonya , Jintian, Nanthuru, & Jinyevu, 2018).

Sajady et al., (2008) indicated that accounting information system is crucial in

implementing and managing an organisation’s internal control system. Nicolaou,

(2000) also defined accounting information system as a computer-based system that

processes financial information which helps in decision making in the form of

harmonization and control of organisational activities and improving corporation

within the organisation. AIS is a subsystem of the Management Information System

(MIS) with the ability to collect data, transform available data into information and

generating the information for internal and external stakeholders (McLeod & Schell,

2008; Gelinas and Dull, 2012). It may also be identified as a subsystem that processes

financial and non-financial transactions (Hall, 2007).

The main reason for an Accounting Information System (AIS) is the collection

and recording of data and information about activities that have an economic impact

upon organisations and the maintenance, processing and transferring such information

13
to internal and external stakeholders (Stefanou, 2006). Accounting information

system has the ultimate goal of achieving a general objective represented by providing

the accounting information that benefits its users. Wilkinson et. al., (2000), indicated

that the main purpose of accounting information system is to ascribe quantitative

value of the past, present, and future economics activities. AIS by means of

computerized accounting system generates the financial statements namely, income

statement, the balance sheet, and cash flow statement (Hla & Teru, 2015).

Accounting information system is renowned as an essential system of

reporting which offers quality accounting information to stakeholders in making a

useful decision (Shipper & Vicent, 2003). Accounting information system comprises

of software, hardware, database, brain-ware, telecom-networks, and procedure

(Romney & Steinbart, 2012) which work together to process the financial data to

become financial information which is accurate, appropriate, reliable for management

and help the organisation to achieve its goal (Mkonya , Jintian, Nanthuru, & Jinyevu,

2018).

Installing advanced accounting information systems can help organisations to

attain higher levels of financial and managerial performance (Sahawneh, Hayek, &

Bshayreh, 2016). Incorporating Accounting Information System (AIS) into the field

of Information and Technology systems (IT) creates opportunity to deliver

information that can support different managers in the monitoring, evaluation,

planning and decision-making functions. Besides several economic gains, the

organisation is also likely to benefit from better cost control, assistance in improving

the quality of products and services offered to clients. Against this background,

Grande et al. (2012) have stated that the Accounting Information Systems (AIS) are

designed to help managing and controlling firms’ economic-financial areas.

14
According to Alsharayri (2012), accounting system has a tendency to be an

information system that does not stop at the limits of financial information, rather, it

includes descriptive and quantitative data which is valuable in decision-making

(Sahawneh, Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016).

The implementation and success of AIS have been comprehensively studied

but the contemporary literature shows small indications of the relationship between

AIS and performance measures (Hla & Teru, 2015). AIS can positively impact on

organisations by the following; better adaptation to a changing environment,

enhanced management of arm’s length dealings and a high level of competitiveness.

There is also a boost to the dynamic nature with a greater movement of information

between different staff levels and the possibility of the new business on the network

and improved external interactions for the organisation (Hla & Teru, 2015).

2.4 Effectiveness of Accounting Information System in corporate performance

Accounting Information System (AIS) is essential to corporate performance.

Corporate performance indicates a combined examination of how well corporate

entities execute their relevant parameters of measurement such as financial

performance, managerial performance shareholders performance and many others

using accounting information systems (Daoud & Triki, 2013; Khalaf et al., 2020)

The output of an Accounting Information System is financial reports and

statements that improve its effective role in managerial policymaking and determining

future plans (Almubaideen, 2021). The financial reports and statements require an

organisational structure that defines responsibility and power lines for the diverse

organisational units, achieves determined goals, and supports interdepartmental

relations to achieve the strategic goals of the organisation. Throughout the

15
communication process, financial reports and statements creates interdepartmental

integration and connectivity during the enactment and control phases (Sahawneh,

Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016). Accounting information plays a significant part in the

process of managing an organisation’s activity. In the last decade, there has been a

rigorous process of implementing AIS in the world. These systems were implemented

in large industrial and small-scale enterprises and later extended to state institutions.

Abdulai (2018) conducted a study which examined the relationship between

adoption of automated accounting information system and organisational

effectiveness. The findings revealed that there was strong connection between

accounting information system and organisational effectiveness, which meant that the

use of accounting information will lead to organisational effectiveness. A number of

recent studies on value of accounting information for equity valuation, share price and

earnings prediction have questioned current financial reporting model in the

developing world (Shareia, 2016).

Hussein (2011) stressed that AIS plays an active role in strategy management,

acting as an instrument that facilitates organisational strategy. The strategy

management are directed towards corporate performance. In present accounting and

information system studies, it is said that corporate performance is a function of the

financial performance and managerial performance (Al-Rashdan, Alwadi & Iskandar,

2020; Almbaidin, 2014). Fitness will exist in the combination of strategic usage of

AIS contributing to financial and managerial performance in corporate entity like the

UEW.

Hla and Teru, (2015) recounts the findings by Onaolapo and Odetayo (2012),

who harangue that accounting information system has a substantial effect on

organisational effectiveness with a study carried out in selected construction

16
companies in Ibadan Nigeria. That study looked at the effect of accounting

information system on organisational effectiveness precisely on quality of financial

report and decision making. A descriptive and inferential statistics tool was used to

analyze the data with the assistance of statistical package for social sciences SPSS.

Also, the research by Matovu (2005) set out to identify the influence of using

accounting information systems on the organisational effectiveness of small and

medium-sized companies in Uganda. To accomplish the study’s objective, the

analytical descriptive approach was employed by designing a questionnaire and

distributing to the study sample which consisted of 1610 employees of small and

medium-sized companies in Kampala. The results of the study indicated that the use

of accounting information systems assists in the effectiveness of organisations and

improves the ability to control costs (Al-Dalabih, 2018).

Further, Almubaideen (2021) studied the effectiveness of accounting

information system on industrial sector open budgeting in Jordan. The study used 119

employees from the account departments of the participant organisations. The

findings from the aforesaid study indicated that the accounting information system

significantly affects the industrial sector open budgeting in Jordan.

According to Al-Dalabih, (2018), some studies concentrated on the

relationship between accounting information systems and the quality of financial

statements in practice after relating it to income and tax department without including

any of the economic sectors like the study of Abdallah (2014). On the other hand, the

study of Al-Rashdan, Alwadi and Iskandar (2020) were concerned with identifying

the impact of accounting information management quality over satisfaction of users

and decision-makers but it did not make clear the nature of the relationship between

accounting information systems and financial data quality.

17
 Khasawneh (2018) explored the factors affecting the effectiveness of

accounting information system in Jordanian Banks. 442 banks employees in Jordan

engaged in the abovementioned research. The research findings showed that

accounting information system integration and implementation in organisations affect

corporate performance. In addition, the study unveiled the insignificant effect of AIS

training on the performance of the organisations.

2.5 Effects of Accounting Information System on Financial Performance

Financial performance is a measure of financial position (revenue generation,

profit, losses, return on assert etc) of organisation (Al-Rashdan, Alwadi & Iskandar,

2020; Kahsawneh, 2018). On the issue of financial performance and accounting

information system, financial managers require the financial and accounting data

provided by AIS to evaluate their organisations past performance and to draw future

plans (Sahawneh, Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016). AIS is a system of managing and

processing transactions, distributing required reports, and making sure of an

appropriate control environment relating to business financial transactions. The results

of AIS, the financial reports, are needed at various levels of detail and at different

levels of management and by other stakeholders (Hla & Teru, 2015; Sahawneh,

Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016). In fact, the outcomes of an AIS feed into various decision

streams at operational, tactical, and strategic levels of the organisation. Users need

financial and related information with various details and with varying levels of

analysis.

Considering the point of view of (Wilkin & Tayan, 2003), in Al-Dalabih,

(2018) the relationship between quality and information systems is determined by

three basic components: system quality (technical components), information quality in

terms of the accuracy and correctness of data entering the system, and service quality,

18
meaning the assessment of the level of excellence in providing information to users

(Al-Dalabih, 2018).

There were many studies conducted in the area of using information systems

in varied sections of the activity. In a research conducted by Sajady et al. (2008) the

effectiveness of accounting information systems for finance managers of listed

companies at Tehran stock exchange were considered. The results indicate that

implementation of accounting information systems at these companies brought about

the improvement of managers’ decision-making process, internal controls and the

quality of the financial reports and simplified the process of the company’s

transactions.

In another study conducted by Quatanani and Hezabr (2015) uncovered

insights about the connections between the exploitation of inside information on

capital markets, the integration of organisational information, the use of accounting

information, the relationship between information irregularity and cost of capital, and

the computer based aspects of an organisation’s information system. The findings of

this study have implications for the change in development of information systems

models, the accountant’s relationship to the information system, and the role and

usage of accounting information in decision-making strategies and processes.

A study by Esmeray (2016) sought to identify the impact of the use of

accounting information systems on the financial performance of small and medium-

sized companies in Turkey. To achieve the objective of the study, an analytical

descriptive approach was employed by designing a questionnaire and distributing it to

the study sample of 60 companies in the city of Qaisariya. The results of the study

indicated a statistically noteworthy positive relationship between the use of

19
accounting information systems and the advancement rate in sales, returns and

customer base (Al-Dalabih, 2018).

2.6 Effects of Accounting Information System on Managerial Performance

Managerial performance depicts the systematic processes and procedures of

assessing employees’ job executions and productivity in accordance with

organisational goals and objectives (Almbaidin, 2014; Abdallah, 2020). Regarding

managerial performance and accounting information system, there are many studies

that were conducted in the area of accounting information system management and

utilization. Almbaidin (2014), conducted a study where management is shown to have

been engaged with different types of activities which require good quality and reliable

information. Almubaideen (2021) opined that quality information is one of the

competitive advantages for an organisation. Later, Beg (2018) also conducted

additional studies in this regard for the further advanced deployment of the accounting

information system, mentioned in his findings that the accounting system is strongly

connected with various administrative processes; it helps give a good reason for

decisions, makes the administrative process more effective in satisfying the needs of

the organisation's management and raises the levels of performance in order to realize

goals (Sahawneh, Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016).

The researches done by Al-Rashdan, Alwadi and Iskandar (2020) as well as

Beg (2018) has its relevance when the observations made by Almubaideen (2021)

were reviewed. Elena has mentioned in addition to the utilization of the Accounting

Information Systems in the area of management and control of topics related to firms,

the system can be effectively utilized in the economic and financial area. Elena also

stated that the splendid advancement in technology has unlocked the possibility of

generating and using accounting information from different viewpoints which

20
supported the administration in managerial decision making. There exist other studies

that were conducted before these studies were (Sahawneh, Hayek, & Bshayreh, 2016).

One of the earlier studies in this regard conducted by Abdallah (2013), is of

the opinion that the accounting information system plays a significant, effective role

in providing all levels of decision-makers with timely, accurate and precise

information which helps them make the right decisions, and they play an essential role

in the process of managing an enterprise’s activity (Sahawneh, Hayek, & Bshayreh,

2016).

Moreover, Sajady et. al (2008) observed the need for accounting information

systems as vital organisational mechanisms that were critical for the efficacy of

decision management and control in organisations. According to Shareia (2016), the

value of an accurate and efficient accounting system was established by its ability to

help all organisations, by contributing to increasing the quality of services, reducing

costs, and eliminating all resource-wasting events. AIS contributes to the knowledge

and enhances the practice which eventually leads to developing the organisation and

improving its competitive advantage through the enhanced system's ability to provide

the right information at the right time. The quantity and quality of information

available to managers was a good pointer to organisational success. Managers who

receive pertinent and consistent information could plan for the future, improve cost

control, and improve the quality of their performance (Sahawneh, Hayek, &

Bshayreh, 2016).

Gullberg (2014) proposed a framework to examine the relationship between

contextual factors, management accounting system (MAS), and managerial

performance within the health care industry. The contingency theory was employed to

identify the circumstantial factors that may influence the use of MAS; namely

21
organisational strategy, technology, structure, external environment, and size. The

findings of that study revealed that the framework provided clarity in linking the

perceived usefulness of MAS information characteristics to the managerial

performance that had been viewed as problematic by past studies.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Overview

This chapter is basically about the methodology employed in the study. It

describes the procedure for conducting the study by explaining the various research

methods used to generate and analyze the data relating to the study. It begins with a

description of the study area/organisation, research design, population, sample and

sampling technique. It also covers issues such as instrumentation, data collection

method, validity and reliability of instrument, data collection procedure, method of

data analysis, and ethical issues.

3.1 Research Design

Research design shows the consistency observed in the process of research

methodology (Fisher, 2010). The employs quantitative approach for statistical

generalizations on the research issue. As defined by Creswell (2014) descriptive

research is concerned with the condition or the relationship that exist, such as

determining the nature of prevailing condition, practices and attitudes, opinions that

are held, processes that are going on or trends that are developed. Denscombe (2010)

opined that in this kind of research study, the whole population or a subset of it is

22
selected, and from these participants, data are collected to help answer research

questions of interest.

The descriptive research design was appropriate because the study sought to

determine the nature of some prevailing suggestions and opinions held regarding the

effects of AIS on the corporate performance. Also, the design was appropriate to

generate data from respondents in a structured way according to specific questions on

the effectiveness of AIS usage on corporate performance, the impact of financial

performance on corporate performance regarding AIS usage and the effect of

managerial performance on corporate performance in view of AIS usage. The study

adopted a cross study design to assess the association among the variables of interest

such as corporate performance (CP), financial performance (CP) and managerial

performance (MP). This is to save time, produce cost effective execution and

achievement of valid construct for the study. The research design is situated in

positivist philosophy

3.2 Population

The population of the study was one twenty (120). This targeted population

for the study comprised the finance and accounting staff as well as the heads of

various units or departments who use or experience the direct effect of the AIS. The

targeted population here are the individuals, things or members of a group that are

suitable by meeting the set criteria for inclusion in a study for reported results,

findings and inferences (Creswell, 2014).

3.2.1 Study Unit and Organisation

The study organisation is the University of Education, Winneba located in the

Central Region of Ghana, specifically the three campus of the University of

23
Education, Winneba which are the North, the South and the Central campuses.

Winneba is a town and the capital of Effutu Municipal District in Central Region of

Ghana. Winneba has a population of 44,254 (GSS, 2021). Winneba, traditionally

known as Simpa, is a historic fishing port in southern Ghana, lying on the south coast,

140 kilometres (90 miles) east of Cape Coast. It has three secondary schools, a

nursing training college and the University which makes the town an educational hub.

3.2.2 Source of Data

Fundamentally, the study depends on primary data. The population of the

comes from the University of Education, Winneba. According to the pretesting and

pre intelligence gathering of the study, the AIS is used by the managers and finance

officers of UEW. The study collected information from these managers and finance

officers.

3.2.3 Sampling Technique

Sampling is a process of selecting a portion of the population for population

parameter generations (Sekaran & Bougie, 2009). In most surveys, it is almost

impossible to gain access to the entire population. Hence, sampling is used to resolve

these challenges. Sample save time, provides cost reduction to research execution in

order to achieve the desired research results. Nonetheless, the results from a survey

where there is a carefully selected sample will reflect very closely to the entire

population (Creswell, 2014). A simple random sampling technique was used to select

the sample for the study. The simple random sampling focus on target groups like

managers (finance officer, deputy finance officers, and heads of units/departments),

chief accounting assistants, principal accounting assistants, senior accounting

assistants, accounting assistants and personnel from the internal audit unit as well.

24
3.2.4 Sample Size of the Study

The sample size determination was led by principle and guidelines from

Cohen (1992). Cohen (1992) opined that when principal number units in a construct

for a statistical model is (8), then 54 should be the minimum number of sample size to

obtain 80% statistical power for onward analysis. The sample for this study was

ninety-eight (98) participants since each constructs (corporate performance, financial

performance and managerial performance) have 10 questions statements expecting

high responses from the research participants. A total of 100 questionnaires were

administered and 98 filled questionnaires were return for the analysis. This

represented 98.0% response rate for the data collection

3.3 Data Collection Instrument

A structured questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection in this

study (see appendix A). The questionnaire was designed on a 5-point likert scale (1 =

Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree). Based

on the objectives of the study, the questionnaire was structured and made up of four

sections. The first section looks at the demographic characteristics of respondents

such as gender, age, educational level, years in service and years of using the AIS.

The section B focuses on the effectiveness of AIS usage on corporate performs.

Section C looks at the financial performance regarding AIS usage and Section D

concentrates on managerial performance in accordance to AIS usage in UEW.

Sections B, C and D operate on the 5-point likert scale.

3.4 Reliability of Instruments

Reliability of an instrument has to do with its consistency of measurement.

Thus reliability refers to the degree to which an instruments’ measure is consistent

25
each time it is administered under the same circumstances with the same subjects

(Creswell, 2014). Through a pilot study, a measure of item consistency was obtained.

Depending on the response from the participants, some ambiguous questions were

rephrased for clearer understanding. The pre-test was carried out at the Cape Coast

Technical University a month before the actual study was conducted.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The instrument was self-administered to the targeted respondents. It was

believed that the administration of the instrument by the researcher in person would

result in more co-operation than if others were asked to collect the data. The

questionnaires were personally administered to the participants and they were asked

to submit the filled questionnaires to the researchers within some few minutes. They

were briefed about the purpose of the exercise and they were asked to carefully read

and consider the options before filling out the responses. On the average, it took ten

minutes for a participant to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaires were collected

after they had been filled.

3.6 Method of Data Analysis

Due to the study design employed, both descriptive and inferential statistics

were used. The statistical package for service solutions (SPSS 20.0) was used to

analyze the data. The variables in the instrument were coded and then uploaded into

the analysis software. After entering the data, they were checked for mistakes and

accuracy. The data that had to be transformed were converted into their relevant

categories. A univariate analysis was used for the Likert scale response categories.

The analysis therefore was done as descriptive statistics, focusing generally on means

and standard errors for the means in presenting the findings of the study. The

26
responses in respect to the data was then be summarized using themes formed under

the research questions and interpreted in descriptive form.

To make the issues clear and give visual impression on values, without having

to read long sentences, tables and figures were used to support the presentation of the

analysis. Two simple linear regression model were created to answer second and first

research questions.

3.7 Ethical Considerations

To begin, permission was sought from the authorities of the institution,

especially the Finance Officer as the head of the Finance and Accounting Section. The

participants were then rightly informed about the study, taking into consideration their

right to informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality. This study ensured that the

privacy of respondents were upheld. With the assurance given to the respondents that

all information provided would be treated with the strictest level of confidentiality,

the respondents were not asked to provide their names on the questionnaires.

27
28
 CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS

4.0 Introduction

The chapter focuses on the presentation and discussion of the research

findings. It presents the respondents demographic information, descriptive statistics

and simple linear regression to answer the research questions.

4.1 Respondents Demographics

The dissertation scrutinised the background information of the research

participants. The research participants were the staff of the University of Education

working in the finance department. The study revealed that majority of the staff in the

finance and account department were males 59 (60.2%). Only 39 (39.8) are females

showing a sharp employment gender imbalance at the finance and account department

of the UEW. Nonetheless, the professionalism state and the usage of the accounting

information system demands some expertise for work completion. It seems the males

have more of the expected expertise needed for the AIS usage. Therefore, constituting

the larger number of employees. In addition, majority of the employees were between

31 years to 50 years representing 87 (88.8%) of the research participants. This shows

the youthful nature of the employees who are willing to explore the usage of the AIS

in the UEW.

Further, this research work investigated the educational level of the research

participants. Most the employees were first degree holders 66(67.3%). This followed

by masters degree holders 27(27.6%). The revelation shows high level of

knowledgeable workers suing the AIS for daily operation in the finance and account

department. Moreover, majority of the respondent have 5 to 20 years working

29
experience in the finance and account department indicating 98 (99.0%). About

94(95.9%) of workers have used the AIS in operating their duties at the finance and

accounting department of the UEW. The expectation from this AIS usage to improve

the financial and managerial performance thereby influencing the entire corporate

performance of the UEW. Table 4.1 exhibits the background information of the

respondents.

Table 4. 1: Background demographics information of the respondents

Variable Value Label Frequency Percentage (%)
Gender Male 59 60.2
Female 39 39.8
Age 18-30 years 8 8.2
31-40 years 47 48.0
41-50 years 40 40.8
51-60 years 3 3.1
Educational level HND 4 4.1
First Degree 66 67.3
Masters 27 27.6
PhD 1 1.0
Years in services 5-10 years 45 45.9
11-15 years 52 53.1
16-20 years 1 1.0
Years of using the AIS Less than 5 years 4 4.1
5-10 years 40 40.8
Over 10 years 54 55.1
Source: Field survey (2020)

30
4.2 Effectiveness of Accounting Information System in the University of

Education

To answer the first research question, the study examined the effectiveness of

accounting information system in the UEW as a corporate entity. In this section, the

effective of usage of AIS is measured in disagreement and agreement levels similar a

case made by Makuku (2020). The effective usage occurs when and if the AIS

produced the desired output considering the system quality (reliability, correctness,

response time, integrity), information quality (relevance, accuracy, timeliness,

accessibility and completeness), system use, users satisfaction and service quality of

the AIS (Al-Rashdan, Alwadi & Iskandar, 2020; Abdulai, 2018) The statements

concerning the effectiveness of AIS usage in the UEW were subjected to a five-point

likert scale for obtaining responses from the research participants. The likert scale

starts from 1 to 5. The answers to questions on the questionnaire were analysed using

means and standard error (SE) of the means techniques. The research finding

discovered that on the average the respondents agreed that the AIS usage improves

the financial reporting in the UEW (4.806). This is followed by the reliability of the

AIS (4.429), quick response time of the AIS (4.429) the AIS usage challenges (4.418),

the AIS user friendliness (4.367), improvement of the organisation and administration

of the UEW due the AIS usage (4.224) and accurate output of the AIS (4.153).

Nevertheless, the respondents were indifferent about the integrations of all

accounting procedures and principles into the AIS (3.051). They disagreed with the

opinion of appropriate integration of the AIS with other information systems in the

UEW (2.571). In all, the research participants agreed that the use of the accounting

information system have affected and improved the corporate performance of the

31
University of Education, Winneba with an average mean value of 4.055. Table 4.2

illustrates the aforesaid research findings

Table 4. 2: Descriptive statistics of accounting information system usage in the

UEW

Variable Mean Mean

SE
The AIS is reliable in the UEW 4.429 .056
The AIS is a user friendly system 4.367 .053
The AIS has quick response time 4.429 .050
The AIS has integrated all the accounting procedures and 3.051 .044
principles for effective and efficient work delivery
The AIS is very accurate in its outputs 4.153 .037
The AIS is appropriately integrated and works well with the 2.571 .050
other information systems in the UEW
The AIS usage have improve financial reporting in the UEW 4.806 .040
The AIS utilisation has improve management decision for 4.102 .031
daily operations of the UEW
Using the AIS has improved the organisation and 4.224 .042
administration of the UEW
The AIS has usage challenges 4.418 .050
Average for mean values 4.055 0.045
Source: Field survey (2020)

In discussing the study result with pertinent literature, Abdulai (2018)

examined the association between automated accounting information system and

organisational effectiveness in the corporate society. The findings exposed the

connection between accounting information system and organisational effectiveness

for corporate performance. This study affirms the assertion made by Abdulai (2018).

Again, Hussein (2011) opined that AIS plays a very important role in strategy

32
management, acting as an instrument that facilitates organisational strategy. The

findings from the dissertation support the argument made by Hussein (2011).

Hla and Teru, (2015) relates the findings by Onaolapo and Odetayo

(2012), in view of accounting information system having a substantial effect on

organisational effectiveness with a study carried out in selected construction

companies in Ibadan Nigeria. The discussions made by Hla and Teru (2015) is

confirmed by the discoveries in this dissertation in the Ghanaian context. In addition,

this dissertation findings support a study by Matovu (2005). The study sough to

determine the influence of using accounting information systems on the organisational

effectiveness of small and medium-sized companies in Uganda. Khasawneh (2018)

investigated the factors affecting the effectiveness of accounting information system

in Jordanian Banks. The research findings showed that accounting information system

integration and implementation in organisations affect corporate performance. In

addition, the study unveiled the insignificant effect of AIS training on the

performance of the organisations. Moreover, the findings disclosed that the human

resources, hardware, software and data bases have a positive relationship with the

effectiveness of AIS usage. A similar detection was done in this research work in term

of the reliability, user friendliness and accurate AIS usage output.

4.3 The Impact of Accounting Information System on Financial performance in

the UEW

The analysis and discussions in this section seeks to achieve the second

research objective and first hypothesis. The study investigated the effect of accounting

information system usage on the financial performance of the UEW. The statements

focusing on the impact of AIS usage on financial performance in the UEW were

subjected to a five-point likert scale for finding answers to the second research

33
question. The financial performance was measured and analysed using descriptive

statistics such the means and their standard errors (SE) to recognise the individual

variable values contributing to the effect of AIS usage on financial performance. The

average for mean values of 4.001 indicates that holistically the research participants

agreed that the use of accounting information system (AIS) has effect on the financial

performance of the University of Education, Winneba. The average for mean values

were computed based on the mean values of variables contributing to the

effectiveness of AIS usage on corporate performance of the UEW. Table 4.3 displays

the findings concerning the effect of accounting information system usage on

financial performance of the UEW.

34
Table 4. 3: Descriptive statistics of accounting information system usage on
financial performance of the UEW
Variable Mean Mean
SE

Through the use of AIS, the UEW has been recording 2.888 0.035
increased revenue

Through the AIS use, the UEW has been recording increased 2.867 0.034
profits in all business sections

The usage of AIS displays the increase market shares in terms 4.704 0.046
of students’ admissions.

Increased values of returns on the UEW’s asserts has been 2.714 0.046
observed due to the usage of AIS.

Staff of UEW have comprehensive payroll details for 4.286 0.046

effective and efficient payment of salaries and other
compensations since the implementation of the AIS in the
UEW.

Number of complaints on staff salaries and compensations 4.347 0.048

have been reduced due to the AIS usage in the UEW.

Student financial records have been comprehensively 4.469 0.051

captured by the AIS for student management in the UEW.

Internal and external auditors can easily assess the UEW 3.153 0.037
financial health due to AIS usage.

The AIS usage allows for management of cash position of 4.316 0.047
UEW with the banks.

The AIS utilisation encourages the management of fiscal 4.235 0.043

affairs with government institutions.

Average for mean values 4.001 0.050

Source: Field survey (2020)

Further, the research wanted to know the effect on financial performance on

the corporate performance due to the accounting information systems usage in the

35
UEW. Therefore, a simple linear regression was performed with finance performance

(FP) as the independent variable and cooperate performance (CP) as the dependent

variable. The FP and CP were computed from their respective variables obtained from

the filled and returned questionnaires from the respondents using SPSS 20.0. The

research findings uncovered that the entire model was statistically significance with a

significance value of 0.011. 29.7% of the variability in corporate performance were

explained by the financial performance due to the usage of the accounting information

system in the UEW. Table 4.4 details the model fit information

Table 4. 4: Model fit information

Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
1 Regression 4.499 1 4.499 31.908 0.011
Residual 13.516 96 0.141
Total 19.746 97
R = 0.325 R Square = 0.297 Adjust R Square = 0.268 SE of the Estimate = 0.142
Source: Field survey (2020)

The simple linear regression of corporate performance on financial

performance can be fitted as

CP = 2.117 + 0.242FP

The model showed an influence of the financial performance on corporate

performance with a significance value of 0.008. This confirms the hypothesis that

financial performance contributes to the corporate performance with respect to the

accounting information system usage in the UEW. A unit increment in financial

performance increases the corporate performance by 0.242 in accordance to the AIS

usage in UEW. Table 4.5 demonstrates the coefficients of corporate performance on

financial performance.

36
Table 4. 5: Coefficients of corporate performance on financial performance
Standardized
Model Unstandardized Coefficients
Coefficients
Step 1 B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
Constant 2.117 0.415 5.483 0.000
FP 0.242 0.089 0.158 6.061 0.008
Source: Field survey (2020)

Comparing the investigation result from this dissertation to the key findings

from the reviewed literature, Sajady et al. (2008) examined the effectiveness of

accounting information systems for finance managers of listed companies at Tehran

stock exchange. Their discoveries indicate that implementation of accounting

information systems at the said companies brought about the improvement of

managers’ decision-making process, internal controls and the quality of the financial

reports and simplified the process of the company’s transactions. This study confirms

the research issue proclamation made by Sajady et al. (2008).

Moreover, the findings by by Quatanani and Hezabr (2015) depicted the need

for changes in the development of accounting information systems models, the

accountant’s relationship to the information system, and the role and usage of

accounting information in decision-making strategies and processes. This innovative

challenges are very necessary in managing accounting information system usage

challenges. The aforesaid declaration is confirmed by findings from this dissertation.

Another study by Esmeray (2016) sought to identify the impact of the use of

accounting information systems on the financial performance of small and medium-

sized companies in Turkey. The results of the study indicated a statistically

noteworthy positive relationship between the use of accounting information systems

and the advancement rate in sales, returns and customer base. Again, the most of

respondents agree to the impact of accounting information systems sales of students’

37
forms and admissions as well as improvement in the return on assert of the UEW’s

business operations. Hence, Esmeray (2016) claim have been affirmed by this

dissertation.

4.4 The Influence of Accounting Information System on Managerial

Performance in the UEW

This section focuses on the effect of accounting information system on

managerial performance. The section aims at achieving the third research objective.

Similar to the previous section statements on the effect of accounting information

system on managerial performance (MP) in the UEW were treated with 5 point likert

scale to point out levels of agreement or disagreement or indifference. The result of

the investigation suggested that respondent agreed to the views of accounting

information system usage impacting managerial performance in the UEW with

average mean value of 4.282 (According to the likert scale 4 = Agree). Regarding the

specifics of AIS usage impacting managerial performance, majority of the

respondents strongly agree that management transforms policies and procedures to

execute programs in the UEW. However, most of the respondents were indifferent in

opinions that objectives of the UEW instituted by management are supported with

evidences of financial information from the AIS. Table 4.6 details the aforementioned

assertions.

38
Table 4. 6: Descriptive statistics of AIS usage on managerial performance in the
UEW
Variable Mean SE
Management planning operations have been effective and 4.194 0.040
efficient because of the utilisation of the AIS in UEW
Financial information for UEW’s management has been 4.184 0.039
reliable for effective decision making because of AIS usage.
The use of AIS provides better investment intelligence for 4.153 0.037
UEW management deliberations on investment endeavours.
The use of AIS has impacted the financial planning and 4.429 0.050
human resources management in the UEW.
The long term vision and strategic plans of the UEW have 4.816 0.039
been improved due to financial intelligence from the AIS
utilisation.
Objectives of the UEW instituted by management are 2.959 0.029
supported with evidences of financial information from the
AIS.
Management use the financial intelligence from the AIS to 4.378 0.062
plan and prepare the UEW budgets in accordance to the
circumstance of the fiscal year
Management directs specifications towards achieving UEW 4.724 0.045
goals based on progressive financial information from the AIS
usage
Management transforms policies and procedures to execute 4.837 0.038
programs in the UEW in accordance to the financial
intelligence from the AIS usage.
Management future predictions in developing UEW are 4.143 0.036
assisted by the forecast from the AIS utilisation.
Average for mean values 4.282 0.042
Source: Field survey (2020)

Moreover, a simple linear regression of corporate performance was performed

on managerial performance. This is to satisfy the second research hypothesis. The

managerial performance (MP) was the independent variable and cooperate

performance (CP) was the dependent variable. The MP and CP were calculated from

their respective variables obtained from the filled and returned questionnaires from

39
the research participant using SPSS 20.0. The overall model fit was statistically

significant with a significant value of 0.001. Added, the 30.1% of the variability in

corporate performance have been elucidated by managerial performance with regards

to AIS usage in the UEW. Table 4.6 illustrates the model fit information for corporate

performance on managerial perform.

Table 4. 7: Model fit information for corporate performance on managerial

performance
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
1 Regression 5.439 1 5.439 36.503 0.001
Residual 14.306 96 0.149
Total 19.746 97
R = 0.549 R Square = 0.301 Adjust R Square = 0.297 SE of the Estimate =
0.183
Source: Field survey (2020)

The simple linear regression of corporate performance on financial

performance can be fitted as

CP = 2.567 + 0.357MP

The model exposed an effect of the managerial performance (MP) on corporate

performance with a significance value of 0.000. This endorses the hypothesis that

managerial performance contributes to the corporate performance with respect to the

accounting information system usage in the UEW. A unit increment in managerial

performance rises the corporate performance by 0.357 in accordance to the AIS usage

in UEW. Table 4.7 demonstrates the coefficients of corporate performance on

managerial performance.

40
Table 4. 8: Coefficients of corporate performance on managerial performance
Standardized
Model Unstandardized Coefficients
Coefficients
Step 1 B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
Constant 2.567 0.315 5.397 0.000
FP 0.357 0.059 0.150 6.104 0.000
Source: Field survey (2020)

Connecting the dissertation results to the finding in the reviewed literature,

Almbaidin (2014) harangued that the accounting information system plays a

significant, effective role in providing all levels of decision-makers with timely,

accurate and precise information which helps them make the right decisions, and they

play an essential role in the process of managing an enterprise’s activity. The usage of

accounting information system is said to have positive impact on managerial

performance at the UEW. Hence, this finding support that of Beg (2018) and Gullberg

(2014) in terms of AIS usage for improvement managerial performance in corporate

organisations. A similar case was made by Sajady et. al (2008) suggesting the need

for accounting information systems for effective and efficient decision management

and control in organisations. Again, this study results support the case made by

Sajady et. al (2008)

4.5 Chapter Summary

The chapter began with elucidation on the respondent’s demographic

information where the gender, age, educational level, years in services and years of

using the accounting information system were elaborated. It proceeded with the

effectiveness of using the AIS to improving corporate performance in the UEW.

Later, the corporate performance was evaluated using the financial performance and

managerial performance in accordance with AIS usage to achieve the objectives of

this study.

41
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction

The chapter four offered presentation and discussion of the study findings. This

chapter grants the summary of prominent findings, conclusion and recommendations.

It starts with the summary of outstanding findings in accordance with the research

objectives and questions. The dissertation responded to the following research

questions:

1. How effective is the AIS usage in the University of Education, Winneba?

2. What is the effect of AIS usage on financial performance function in the

University of Education, Winneba?

3. What is the effects of AIS usage on managerial performance function in the

University of Education, Winneba?

5.1 Summary of Key Research Findings

The summary of the study findings focuses the dissertation questions. This

dissertation was advanced on quantitative stands. The finance and account department

of the University of Education, Winneba provided the opportunity for conducive data

collection on the evaluation of accounting information system usage on corporate

performance. The analysis and discussions were sectioned into three parts. The first

part dealt with construct concerning the effectiveness of AIS usage in the UEW. The

second part focuses on the construct related to the UEW financial performance as a

result of the AIS usage. The last part looked at the constructs centring on the

managerial performance in the UEW due to the effective usage of the accounting

42
information system. The upcoming subsections summarise the important discoveries

on the aforementioned parts.

5.1.1 Impact of Accounting Information System in the University of Education

The study findings displayed that indeed there was an effectiveness of the AIS

usage on corporate performance of the UEW. The best measure of the effectiveness of

the AIS usage is the improvement of the financial reporting at the UEW. The least

measure criterion for AIS usage effectiveness is the integration of the AIS with other

information systems in the UEW as indicated in the table 4. 2. In a nutshell, the

research participants agreed to the research issue that the accounting information

system usage impact corporate performance of the UEW.

5.1.2 Effect of Accounting Information System Usage on the Financial

Performance in the University of Education

According to this dissertation findings, the research participant highly believed

that usage of the accounting information system produce effect on the financial

performance of the UEW. Progressively, the improvement in the financial

performance influence the corporate performance in the lens of evaluating the AIS

usage in the University of Education, Winneba. There was a significant elucidation of

the variability in corporate performance by financial performance with regards to the

AIS usage in the UEW. Further evidence to this assertion is the simple linear

regression model emanating from the research findings. The model was statistically

significant and hence the financial performance contribute the corporate performance

due to the usage of the accounting information system in the UEW. Therefore, the

first research hypothesis was confirmed.

43
5.1.3 Influence of Accounting Information System Usage on the Managerial

Performance in the University of Education

The research findings discovered in this investigative work suggested that the

managerial performance is really affected by the use of the accounting information

system in the UEW. To recognise the full benefits of the managerial activities towards

the corporate performance, the AIS usage was considered in this investigations. There

was a significance influence of managerial performance on the corporate performance

of the UEW. There was considerable variability explanation towards the corporate

performance by managerial performance with regards to the usage of the accounting

information systems in the UEW. To support this discovery, a simple linear regression

model of the corporate performance on the managerial performance was created by

the researcher. The information from the created model lead to a confirmation of the

second research hypothesis

5.2 Conclusions

In conclusion, this dissertation uncovered the relevance and effectiveness of

accounting information system usage in the University of Education, Winneba.

Moreover, the usage of the accounting information system has great positive impact

on the financial performance, managerial performance and the corporate performance

as a whole for the UEW. Hence, the use of the accounting information system should

be encourage in the UEW.

5.3 Contribution of the Study

The study contributes to the research, policy and practice in accounting

information system usage. In terms of research contribution, this dissertation offer

further elucidations on the role of accounting information systems in accounting and

44
information systems studies for developing countries. Arguably, this study appears to

be the first research work contributing to literature on accounting information system

usage among universities in Ghana. The reviewed literature and the philosophical

foundation of the conceptual framework serves as a novel theoretical beginnings for

accounting and information systems research in developing and developed countries.

It provides the grounds for researchers, scholars and other professionals to conduct

further studies on accounting information system usage

For contribution to policy, policy makers in finance and account department

and other parts of tertiary will have better financial intelligence for financial policy

formulations leading to effective and efficient tertiary institutions governance.

Moreover, national government will have enough financial reporting information to

formulate novel policy for the management of public tertiary institutions.

For contribution towards practice, accounting professionals and relevant

stakeholders will obtain knowledge on how to use the accounting information system

in their various institutions. This will add to the database of stakeholders’ knowledge.

The application of this knowledge base is expected to produce smart works from the

accounting professionals and other users for corporate performance impact.

5.4 Recommendations

This dissertation gives out the following recommendations to all stakeholders

based on the research findings:

i. Computer infrastructure for the accounting information system is very

essential in ensuring smooth deployment and usage of the AIS. Hence,

authorities of the UEW should be ever ready to provide the computer

infrastructure needs to actualise the benefits of the AIS usage.

45
 ii. The UEW should regularly organise workshops and training seminars on the

usage of the accounting information system. The training could be in-house or

off-compus depending on the suitability and availability of training

opportunities and openings.

iii. Another recommendation is that the UEW should empower the information

technology team and appropriate stakeholders with state-of-the-art

technologies to rectify all challenges diagnosed from the deployment and

usage of the accounting information system.

5.5 Dissertation Future Pointers

This research work is limited to the University of Education, Winneba. Moreover, it is

limited to accounting information system. Therefore, this study suggests that in the

coming future, scholars, researchers, academics and other professionals should

consider other universities in Ghana and beyond who deploy and encourage the usage

of accounting information systems. Another future direction is a critical look at other

information systems which are likely to work with accounting information system.

Further, the study could extended to other systems within the academia circles and

beyond.

46
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 APPENDIX

Questionnaires on Evaluating the Effects of Accounting Information

Systems (AIS) on Corporate Performance in the University of

Education, Winneba (UEW)

Dear research participant,

Your answers to the questions in this questionnaire contribute to a study on

evaluating the effects of AIS on corporate performance in the UEW . Strict

confidentiality and anonymity are assured in providing responses to the questions

outlined in this questionnaire. Thank you for your time.

SECTION A: Respondent Background Information

1. Gender. Male Female

2. Age. 18-30 years 31-40 years 41-50 years 51-60 years

3. Educational Level. HND First Degree Masters PhD

Others,……..

4. Years in service Less than 5 years 5-10 years 11-15 years

16-20 years Above 20 years

5. Years of using the AIS Less than 5 years 5-10 years Over 10

years

52
 SECTION B: Effectiveness of the AIS usage in the UEW

Please indicate the degree of agreement to the following statements by ticking in the
scale ((“1= “Strongly Disagree”, 2= “Disagree”, 3= “Neutral”, 4 = “Agree”, 5=
“Strongly Agree”)

AIS usage effectiveness in UEW 1 2 3 4 5

6. The AIS is reliable in the UEW.
7. The AIS is a user friendly system.
8. The AIS has quick response time.
9. The AIS has integrated all the accounting procedures
and principles for effective and efficient work delivery.
10. The AIS is very accurate in its outputs.
11. The AIS is appropriately integrated and works well
with the other information systems in the UEW.
12. The AIS usage have improve financial reporting in the
UEW.
13. The AIS utilisation has improve management decision
for daily operations of the UEW.
14. Using the AIS has improved the organisation and
administration of the UEW.
15. The AIS has usage challenges

53
 SECTION C: Effects of AIS use on financial performance in UEW

Please indicate the degree of agreement to the following statements by ticking in the
scale ((“1= “Strongly Disagree”, 2= “Disagree”, 3= “Neutral”, 4 = “Agree”, 5=
“Strongly Agree”)

AIS usage for financial performance 1 2 3 4 5

16. Through the use of AIS, the UEW has been recording
increased revenue
17. Through the AIS use, the UEW has been recording
increased profits in all business sections.
18. The usage of AIS displays the increase market shares
in terms of students’ admissions.
19. Increased values of returns on the UEW’s asserts has
been observed due to the usage of AIS
20. Staff of UEW have comprehensive payroll details for
effective and efficient payment of salaries and other
compensations since the implementation of the AIS in the
UEW.
21. Number of complaints on staff salaries and
compensations have been reduced due to the AIS usage in
the UEW
22. Student financial records have been comprehensively
captured by the AIS for student management in the UEW.
23. Internal and external auditors can easily assess the
UEW financial health due to AIS usage.
24. The AIS usage allows for management of cash position
of UEW with the banks.
25. The AIS utilisation encourages the management of
fiscal affairs with government institutions.

54
SECTION D: Effects of AIS on managerial performance in the UEW

Please indicate the degree of agreement to the following statements by ticking in the
scale ((“1= “Strongly Disagree”, 2= “Disagree”, 3= “Neutral”, 4 = “Agree”, 5=
“Strongly Agree”)

AIS usage for management performance 1 2 3 4 5

26. Management planning operations have been effective
and efficient because of the utilisation of the AIS in UEW
27. Financial information for UEW’s management has been
reliable for effective decision making because of AIS
usage.
28. The use of AIS provides better investment intelligence
for UEW management deliberations on investment
endeavours.
29. The use of AIS has impacted the financial planning and
human resources management in the UEW.
30. The long term vision and strategic plans of the UEW
have been improved due to financial intelligence from the
AIS utilisation.
31. Objectives of the UEW instituted by management are
supported with evidences of financial information from the
AIS.
32. Management use the financial intelligence from the AIS
to plan and prepare the UEW budgets in accordance to the
circumstance of the fiscal year,
33. Management directs specifications towards achieving
UEW goals based on progressive financial information
from the AIS usage
34. Management transforms policies and procedures to
execute programs in the UEW in accordance to the
financial intelligence from the AIS usage.
35. Management future predictions in developing UEW are
assisted by the forecast from the AIS utilisation.

55