#01 Pharmacol Basics Introduction
#01 Pharmacol Basics Introduction
#01 Pharmacol Basics Introduction
PHARMACOLOGY
«PHR339»
Asst. Prof. Dr. Tambay Taşkın
2023-24 Fall Semester
INTRODUCTION
AND GENERAL
DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
AND GENERAL
DEFINITIONS
In this section, the meaning
of pharmacology, its
definition, basic concepts
and how it emerged as a
science will be given in
detail.
SYLLABUS
I. Basic principles V. Drug Biotransformation
II. Introduction
VI. Pharmacogenomics
III. Drug Receptors &
Pharmacodynamics VII.Toxicology
IV. Pharmacokinetics &
Pharmacodynamics VIII.Special Topics
1. Actions of the body on the
drug
2. The Actions of a drug on the
body
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES OF THIS
COURSE
Pharmacology
Definitions what is
Drug
Historic Perspectives
Early Written Records
Pharmacology as a
Seperate Scientific
Discipline
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES OF THIS
COURSE
Major Milestones in
Drug Discovery
PHARMACOLOGY
AND ITS MEANING
Pharmacon = drug or active
ingredient of drugs
Logos = information
Combining the two terms
Pharmacon+Logos=
«Drug information»
WHAT IS DRUG?
Medicines are chemical, herbal,
biological substances or combinations
thereof used in the diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of diseases.
Substances that can act at the chemical
(molecular) level in living systems.
Drugs affect physiological functions in
a unique way.
PHARMACOLOGY
It is the science that studies
the interaction of various
chemical, herbal or biological
substances (drugs or other)
with living systems
PHARMACOLOGY
Examines the effects of drugs
on the biologic systems
«Pharmacodynamics»
And also the actions of
biologic systems on the drugs
«Pharmacokinetics»
PHARMACOLOGY
…is a science that acts as a bridge
between biology and medicinal therapy!
HISTORY
In ancient times, the only
remedy for humanity in the
fight against diseases was
plants found in nature...
The word "DRUG" is taken
from the French word
‘Drogue’, which means
Dried Herb
HISTORY
The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus
Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of
herbal knowledge dating to c. 1550
Among the oldest and most important
medical papyri of Ancient Egypt, it was
purchased at Luxor in the winter of 1873–
1874 by the German Egyptologist Georg
Ebers.
It is currently kept at the Leipzig University
Library in Germany..
CHINESE
MATERIA
MEDICA
Chinese Materia Medica
(1100 B.C.) (Wu Shi Er Bing
Fang, contains 52
prescriptions)
Shennong Herbal (~100
B.C., 365 drugs) and Tang
Herbal (659 A.D., 850
drugs) are records of
natural remedies
SUMERİANS
AND EGYPTIANS
Sumerian and Egyptian
records contain records of
opium and other medicinal
plants.
ANCIENT GREEK
It has become widespread that nature is the
best healer rather than superstitions.
Hippocrates books:
Chest diseases: Take barley soup, vinegar
and honey to remove phlegm.
M.S. In the 1st century, Dioscorides
collected the known drugs in a book and
prepared the first pharmacopoeia (Materia
Medica).
AL BIRUNI
Biruni wrote a pharmacopoeia, the
"Kitab al-saydala fi al-tibb" (Book on
the Pharmacopoeia of Medicine).
It lists synonyms for drug names in
Syriac, Persian, Greek, Baluchi, Afghan,
Kurdi, and some Indian languages
He used a hydrostatic balance to
determine the density and purity of
metals and precious stones
MEDICAL RECORDS
The first Western pharmacological treatise, a listing of herbal
plants used in classical medicine, was made in the 1st century AD
by the Greek physician Dioscorides.
The medical discipline of pharmacology derives from the medieval
apothecaries, who both prepared and prescribed drugs.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PHARMACOLOGY AS A SEPARATE
SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
Pharmacology was firmly established in the later 19th
century by the German Oswald Schmeiderberg (1838–
1921).
He defined its purpose, wrote a textbook of pharmacology,
helped to found the first pharmacological journal, and,
most importantly, headed a school at Strasbourg that
became the nucleus from which independent departments
of pharmacology were established in universities
throughout the world.
TRENDS TOWARD
PHARMACOLOGY
Trend towards pharmacology
originates from clinical urgencies
Physicians have been successful in
clinical diagnosis but was inadequate
in the treatment of diseases
«Syphilis» in last century is an
example
As a result, the need to increase
treatment success has fueled the
inclination towards pharmacology
PHARMACOTHERAPY
Microorganism causing
syphilis affected the
European population for
centuries
Physicians have not found a
cure for it for centuries.
IF IT WAS FOUND
140 YEARS AGO!
We might not have seen this
painting of Van Gogh!
NO CURE UNTIL 20TH CENTURY