Wireless Power Transfer System Via Magnetic Resona
Wireless Power Transfer System Via Magnetic Resona
Wireless Power Transfer System Via Magnetic Resona
5-9, 2010
The 25th World Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition
Abstract— To increase the usage of electric vehicles (EV), a safe and convenient method to charge the vehicles is
essential. Recently, an efficient mid range wireless power transfer that uses magnetic resonant coupling, WiTricity, was
proposed, and has received much attention due to its practical range and efficiency. Studies show that the resonance
frequency of the antennas changes as the gap between the antennas change. However, when this technology is applied in
the MHz range (which allows small sized antennas), the usable frequency is bounded by the Industrial, Science, Medical
(ISM) band. Therefore, to achieve maximum power transmission efficiency, the resonance frequency has to be fixed
within the ISM band. In this paper, the possibility of using impedance matching (IM) networks to adjust the resonance
frequency of a pair of antennas at a certain distance to 13.56MHz is studied. The simulations and experiments show that
the IM circuits can change the frequency to 13.56MHz for different air gaps, improving the power transfer efficiency.
Experiments also show that IM can be achieved just by observing and minimizing the reflected wave.
Keywords— wireless power transfer, EV charging, magnetic resonance, magnetic coupling, impedance matching,
Reflected Wave
2.3.1 Basic Theory of Impedance Matching
IM is a technique commonly used in power transfer
systems and communication systems to improve the
efficiency of the system. It usually involves inserting a DC/DC Converter Rectifier
Receiving
Antenna
matching network (such as in LC circuit) to minimize the
power reflection ratio to the power source of the system.
In Figure 2.5, the power transferred to the load is written Receiving
as equation (8) when the impedance characteristic of the Component
4. Experiment Results system that uses the air core coil is higher than that of the
ferrite core coil. This is due to the loss of the ferrite core in
The equivalent circuit used in the simulations and this frequency range. Hence, it is shown that the efficiency
experiments are shown in Figure 4.1a, where an at the resonant frequency can be increased further to match
impedance matching network is inserted in between the the theoretical value and the original maximum efficiency
power source and the transmitting antenna. The antenna of the antennas by using stable components that has a high
used here is a 5 turn, 15cm radius, 5mm pitch, open type Q value.
spiral antenna that is self-resonating at 13.56MHz (Figure
100
4.1b). Here both the input and output impedance, Zsource
and Zload are set at Z0, 50Ω. Using the vector network 80 η11(Experiment)
E fficien cy [% ]
analyzer (VNA), the L and C parameters of the antennas 60 η21(Experiment)
were calculated to be 10300nH and 13.26pF respectively η21(Simulation)
[4]. These experiments are conducted at low power. The 40
system is expected to function similarly in high power 20
situations [2].
0
13.56
7 12 17 22
Frequency[MHz]
( a ) Before matching
100
80
E ffic ie n c y[% ]
60 η11(Experiment)
40 η21(Experiment)
Figure 4.1a: Equivalent circuit of experimental setup
20 η21(Simulation)
0
13.56
7 12 17 22
Frequency[MHz]