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    Physics Project Done

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    bhagyashree062005
    This document describes a physics experiment to study the factors that affect the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through a circuit containing a coil, resistor, and AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted into the coil. Observations showed that the current decreased when the iron core was inserted, and increased at lower frequencies. The results indicate that the self-inductance of a coil depends on the number of turns, geometry of the coil, and type of core material as predicted by the inductance equation.

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    Physics Project Done

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    bhagyashree062005
    39 views18 pages
    This document describes a physics experiment to study the factors that affect the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through a circuit containing a coil, resistor, and AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted into the coil. Observations showed that the current decreased when the iron core was inserted, and increased at lower frequencies. The results indicate that the self-inductance of a coil depends on the number of turns, geometry of the coil, and type of core material as predicted by the inductance equation.

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    Physics Project Done (1)

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    This document describes a physics experiment to study the factors that affect the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through a circuit containing a coil, resistor, and AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted into the coil. Observations showed that the current decreased when the iron core was inserted, and increased at lower frequencies. The results indicate that the self-inductance of a coil depends on the number of turns, geometry of the coil, and type of core material as predicted by the inductance equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views18 pages

    Physics Project Done

    Uploaded by

    bhagyashree062005
    This document describes a physics experiment to study the factors that affect the self-inductance of a coil. The experiment involves measuring the current through a circuit containing a coil, resistor, and AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted into the coil. Observations showed that the current decreased when the iron core was inserted, and increased at lower frequencies. The results indicate that the self-inductance of a coil depends on the number of turns, geometry of the coil, and type of core material as predicted by the inductance equation.

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    of 18

    ST.

    XAVIER'S HIGH SCHOOL


    KEDARGOURI

    SESSION 2023-2024

    PHYSICS PROJECT
    To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil
    depends by observing the effect of a coil, when put in series with
    a resistor in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable
    frequency.
    SUBMITTED BY: BHAGYASHREE SAHOO
    CLASS: XII ‘A’
    ROLL NO. :
    UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF AMBIKESH PAL & GYANARANJAN
    BHATTA
    CERTIFICATE

    This is to certify that BHAGYASHREE SAHOO student of class XIIth


    has successfully prepared the report on the project entitled.

    To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the
    effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/bulb in a circuit fed up by an
    A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

    The said project has been completed under the aid and guidance of the
    Physics Laboratory of
    ST. XAVIER’S HIGH SCHOOL, KEDARGOURI during the
    academic session 2023-2024.

    EXAMINER SIGN PRINCIPAL SIGN

    TEACHER IN CHARGE SCHOOL STAMP


    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I want to express my special thanks of gratitude to my


    Physics Teacher Ambikesh Sir, my Lab Teacher
    Gyanaranjan Sir and our Principal Mrs. Archana Mishra
    who have given me the golden opportunity to do this
    wonderful project on the topic which also helped me in
    doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many
    new things. I am really thankful to them.

    Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and


    friends who helped me a lot in finalising this project
    within the limited time frame.

    BHAGYASHREE SAHOO
    XII A

    INDEX
    S.No. Title Page No.

    1. Certificate 1
    2. Acknowledgement 2
    3. Introduction 4
    4. Aim 5
    5. Apparatus Required 6
    6. Theory 7-9
    7. Circuit Diagram 10
    8. Procedure 11-13
    9. Observations 14
    10. Result 15
    11. Precautions 16
    12. Sources of Error 16
    13. Bibliography 17

    Introduction
    There are four basic factors of inductor construction
    that determining the amount of inductance created.
    These factors all indicate inductance by affecting
    how much magnetic field flux will develop for a
    given amount of magnetic field (current through the
    inductor’s wire coil.

    The factors are:-

    • NUMBER OF WIRE WRAPS, OR “TURNS” IN


    THE COIL.

    • COIL AREA.
    • COIL LENGTH.
    • CORE MATERIAL.

    Aim
    To study the factor on which the self-
    inductance of a coil depends by observing
    the effect of this coil, when put in series with
    a resistor/bulb in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
    source of adjustable frequency.

    Apparatus Required
    A coil of large turns, A.C. source of
    adjustable frequency (Step-down
    transformer), an electric bulb, (6 V) A.C.
    ammeter of suitable range,
    potentiometer(500 Ω), a soft iron rod, one
    way key, connecting wires etc.

    Theory

    Self-Inductance is the property of a coil that opposes


    the change in current through it. The Self Inductance
    of a coil (long solenoid) is
    2
    μ° μr N A
    L= l

    where μr = relative magnetic permeability of


    magnetic material,
    μr = μ/μ°
     N= Total number of turns in solenoid
     A= Area of cross section of solenoid
     l= Length of solenoid

    Hence, the Self Inductance depends upon


    • No. of turns (N), L α N2
    • Geometry of coil, L=A , L α 1/l
    • Nature of core material, L= μ

    When an inductor is connected in series with a


    resistor (bulb) with a variable source of frequency,
    then current flowing in the bulb is
    Erms
    I rms = z

    where Z= (R2 + ω2L2)½= Impedance of the A.C.


    Circuit
    R= Resistance of bulb
    L= Self Inductance of coil
    ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C. source.

    The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is


    H= I2rmsZt
    The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is
    H= I2rmsZt
    Or,
    P=H/t= I2rmsZ
    P= I2rms(R2 + ω2L2)½
    Circuit Diagram
    Procedure
     Make all connections as shown in the circuit
    diagram.
     Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the
    constant current in the circuit by using the
    variable resistor (R1) (let the frequency of
    the source be 60 Hz and voltage be 6V).
     Record the current in the A.C. ammeter and
    see the brightness of the bulb.
     Now, put the soft iron rod inside the inductor
    core and record the current in the A.C.
    ammeter and again check the brightness of
    the bulb. The current and brightness both
    decrease.
     Now, switch off the supply and decrease the
    frequency of the A.C. source (say 50 Hz).
     Again switch on the supply and adjust the
    current in the circuit at the same constant
    voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the
    current in the ammeter and the brightness of
    the bulb. The current and brightness both
    will increase.
     Again insert the iron in the core of the coil
    and note the current and brightness. The
    current and brightness both decrease.
     Repeat steps 5, 6 and 7 for different
    frequencies of A.C. source (say 40 Hz,30 Hz
    and 20 Hz).
    Fig 1.1: Experimental setup of the experiment.
    Observations

     Least Count Error= 0.05 A.


     Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
     Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.
    S No. Frequency of Current in Current in
    applied ammeter ammeter with
    voltage(Hz) without an an iron rod in
    iron rod in coil (A)
    coil (A)
    1. 60 2 1.8
    2. 50 2.5 2.3
    3. 40 2.9 2.6
    4. 30 3.4 3.25
    5. 20 4.1 4
    Result

    • The current in the circuit decreases on


    inserting the iron rod in the core of the coil at
    a constant frequency of applied voltage and
    the brightness of the bulb decreases and vice-
    versa.
    • The current in the circuit increases on
    decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
    and vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
    bulb increases.

    Precautions
    • The coil should have large number of turns.
     Current should be passed for a small time to
    avoid the heating effect.
    • There should not be parallax in taking the
    reading of ammeter.

    Sources of Error
    • The resistance of the circuit may increase
    slightly due to the heating effect of the
    current.
    • There may be an eddy current in the soft iron
    coil.

    Bibliography
     Physics Class XII NCERT Textbook
     Physics Lab Manual Class 12
     www.google.com
     www.wikipedia.com
     www.byjus.com
     https://ncert.nic.in
     https://www.learncbse.in/cbse-class-12-
    physics-lab-manual
    THANK YOU

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