Physics Investigatory Project

YARA INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL RIYADH
AISSCE – 2023-2024
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CLASS XII
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Submitted by Mohamed Abshar Submitted to Mr. Arun

Topic of the Project
“To study the factor on which the self

inductance of a coil depends by observing”
the effect of this coil, when put in series with
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

(2023-2024)
PHYSICS PROJECT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Study of Temperature

effect of Resistance” is a bonafide work done by Mohamed
Abshar of Grade XII during the academic year 2023-24.
Submitted for AISSCE Physics Practical examination held on
_________ at Yara International school, Riyadh.
DATE:
PRINCIPAL External Examiner Internal Examiner

DECLARATION OF PLAGIARISM
I would like to expressly assure the fact that

this project was solely drafted, edited and produced by me
with the help of legal sources, the contents in this report are
entirely prepared by us with reference to legitimate sources
from the web and from the official NCERT Physics
textbook and Physics lab Manual of Grade XII. And I
would also like to assure that no use of paid or unpaid third
party services such as ghostwriter, was used to make this
project. Thus I hereby declare that no plagiarism was
involved in the making of this project.
ACKNOWLEDMENT
I warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement offered

by our dear Principal Mrs.Asima Saleem. We also extend our
hearty thanks and gratitude to the school management for
providing us with enough facilities and tools available in the
campus which greatly aided us in completing this report
successfully.
I am highly indebted to our

Physics teacher – Mr. Arun for his supervision, support and for
providing necessary information and guidelines on this project.
His constructive advice and constant support has been responsible
for the completion of this project report.
I would also like to express our utmost love and gratitude to

our parents for their valuable suggestions and support to carry out
this project.
Last not but not least I thank all those who have helped to
complete this report directly or indirectly.
PROJECT PLAN
Prepared by:
 Salmaan Faris
Class: XII
School: YARA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Name of the Project: To study the factor on which

the self inductance of a coil depends by observing
Teacher In Charge: Mr. Arun
Date of Completion: 1 week
Date of Submission: / / 23
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page No
Introduction
Graph
Temperature Coefficient of Conductor
Relationship Between Temperature
and Resistance
Temperature Effect on Conductors
Temperature Effect on Semi-Conductors
Temperature Effect on Insulators
Conclusion
Bibliography
AIM:-
To study the factor on which the self inductance

of a coil depends by observing the effect of
this coil, when put in series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) a.c. ammeter
of suitable range rheostat, a soft iron rod, one
way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil which
opposes the change in current through it. The
self inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is
µ0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L= 𝑙
where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of

magnetic material,
µ
µ𝑟 =
µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid
A = Area of cross-section of solenoid l
= length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²

𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α
𝒍
3. Nature of core material, L α µ
When an inductor is connected in series with a

resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
= 𝑍
Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

circuit. Here
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self inductance of coil
𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb is
2
H= 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐻
P= 2
𝑡 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
P = 𝐼𝑟𝑚
2
√𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor ( 𝑅ℎ ).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see

the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the

frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil

& note the current & brightness. The current &
brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

frequency of a.c. source.
OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.
S.NO Frequency Current in Current in
of applied ammeter ammeter with
voltage without iron iron rod in
(Hz) rod in coil (A) coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
RESULT:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage &
vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time to

avoid the heating effect.
SOURCES OF ERRORS:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

coil.
INDEX
S.NO CONTENTS
1.AIM
2. APPARATUS
4.
3. PROCEDURE
THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6.
5. RESULT
OBSERVATION
8.
7. SOURCES OF ERRORS
PRECAUTIONS

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YARA INTERNATIONAL

Submitted by Mohamed Abshar Submitted to Mr. Arun

“To study the factor on which the self

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

This is to certify that the project entitled “Study of Temperature

PRINCIPAL External Examiner Internal Examiner

I would like to expressly assure the fact that

I warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement offered

I am highly indebted to our

I would also like to express our utmost love and gratitude to

Name of the Project: To study the factor on which

Teacher In Charge: Mr. Arun

Date of Completion: 1 week

To study the factor on which the self inductance

A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid l

1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²

When an inductor is connected in series with a

Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

2. Current should be passed for a small time to

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

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