2023MathsKS2MarkScheme PrimaryTools - Co.uk

PrimaryTools.co.
uk
2023 national curriculum tests
Key stage 2
Mathematics test
mark schemes
Paper 1: arithmetic
Paper 2: reasoning
Paper 3: reasoning
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2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Structure of the test 3
3. Content domain coverage 3
4. Explanation of the mark schemes 5
5. General marking guidance 5

5.1 Applying the mark schemes 5
5.2 General marking principles 6
6. Marking specific types of question: summary of additional guidance 14
6.1 Answers involving money 14
6.2 Answers involving time 15
6.3 Answers involving measures 16
7. Mark schemes for Paper 1: arithmetic 17
8. Mark schemes for Paper 2: reasoning 22
9. Mark schemes for Paper 3: reasoning 30
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1. Introduction
The Standards and Testing Agency (STA) is responsible for the development and delivery of
statutory tests and assessments. STA is an executive agency of the Department for Education.
The 2023 tests assess the national curriculum. This test has been developed to meet the
specification set out in the test framework1 for mathematics at key stage 2.
A new test and new mark schemes will be produced each year.
Key stage 2 tests are marked by external markers, who receive training to ensure the mark
schemes are applied consistently and fairly. The mark schemes are provided to show teachers
how the tests are marked. The pupil examples are based on responses gathered from the test
trialling process.
Scaled score conversion tables are not included in this document. Conversion tables will be
produced as part of the standards maintenance process. Scaled score conversion tables2 for
the 2023 tests will be published in July 2023. The standards confirmation meeting will take
place in June 2023.
2. Structure of the test

The key stage 2 mathematics test comprises:
• Paper 1: arithmetic (40 marks)
• Paper 2: reasoning (35 marks)
• Paper 3: reasoning (35 marks)
3. Content domain coverage

The 2023 test meets the specification in the test framework. Table 1 sets out the areas of the
content domain that are assessed in Papers 1, 2 and 3.
The references are taken from the test framework. A question assessing 4C7, for example, sets
out to ‘multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using a formal written
layout’ and is taken from the year 4 programme of study.
1 www.gov.uk/government/publications/key-stage-2-mathematics-test-framework
2 www.gov.uk/guidance/scaled-scores-at-key-stage-2
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Table 1: Content domain coverage of the 2023 key stage 2 mathematics test
Where 2 or more references are given, the primary reference is given first.
Paper 1: arithmetic Paper 2: reasoning Paper 3: reasoning

Content domain Content domain Content domain
Qu. Qu. Qu.
reference reference reference
1 3N2b 1 3M4c/4N3b 1 3N3
2 4C2 2 5N5 2 5N2/5N3a
3 4C7 3 4P3a/4P3b 3 6P2
4 4C2 4 3S2 4 5N1/6A3
5 4C6b 5 6R4/6A5 5 4F7
6 5C6b 6 4M9/3M9a 6 6N3
7 5F8/5F10 7 4N5/4N1/6A3 7 3F1c/3F10
8 4C2 8 4N4b 8 5G2b
9 4C6b 9 6G5 9 3C6
10 3C7 10 4C3/3C8 10 5C5d
11 4C6b 11a 5N1/4N2b 11 4C4
12 3C1 11b 5N1/4N2b 12 6G3b
13 4C6b 12 4G2b 13 6C8/6C9
14 6F5a 13 5F5/4F10a 14a 5F11/5F12
15 5C7b 14 5G4c/5G4a 14b 5F11/5F12
16 5F4 15 5F3/6F3 15a 3M4d/3M4f/4M4b
17 6F9a 16 5C8c/3M4f 15b 3M4f
18 5F4 17 5C8b/5C7b 16 6C7b/6C8/6C6
19 5F8/5F10 18 5F4/6F2 17 6F4/6F11
20 6C7a 19 5C8a/5C6a 18a 5S1/4S1
21 6F5b 20 6C7a/6C8 18b 6S3/6C8
22 4F4 21 5M6 19 5M9c/5M9a
23 6C9 22 4F2/5F4 20 6A1/4M7a
24 6F9b 23 6R2/6C8 21 6R2
25 6C7b 24 6S1/6R2 22 6A3/6G2a
26 5C7b 25a 5C8a/5C6a 23 6F6/6F11
27 6R2 25b 5M9c/5M5/5F10
28 6F5b 26a 6A2/6C9
29 6C7a 26b 6A2/6C9
30 6R2
31 6F9b
32 3F4/3C4
33 6C7b
34 6F4
35 6R2
36 5F5
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4. Explanation of the mark schemes

The marking information for each question is set out in the form of tables (sections 7, 8 and 9).
The purpose of the mark scheme is to define the acceptable answers for each question within
the test. Answers other than those listed may be acceptable if they meet the marking criteria.
The ‘Qu.’ column on the left-hand side of each table provides a quick reference to the question
number and part.
The ‘Requirement’ column may include two types of information:

• a statement of the requirements for the award of each mark, with an indication of whether
credit can be given for an appropriate method
• examples of some different types of correct answer
The ‘Mark’ column indicates the total number of marks available for each question part.
The ‘Additional guidance’ column indicates alternative acceptable answers and guidance,
such as the range of acceptable answers, where necessary. This column may also provide
details of specific types of answer which are unacceptable. For most questions, there will be
unacceptable answers that are not listed.
5. General marking guidance

5.1 Applying the mark schemes
To ensure consistency of marking, the most frequent procedural queries are listed in
section 5.2 along with the action the marker will take. This is followed by further guidance in
section 6 relating to marking questions involving money, time and other measures. Unless
otherwise specified in the mark scheme, markers will apply these guidelines in all cases.
Recording marks awarded
Pupils’ test papers are scanned so that marking can be conducted on screen by trained markers.
For each question, markers record the award of 3, 2, 1 or 0 marks as appropriate, according to
the mark scheme criteria. There is provision in the software to record questions not attempted.
The software aggregates marks automatically.
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5.2 General marking principles

Table 2: General marking principles for all papers
1. The answer does not Markers will use their judgement to decide whether the
closely match any of answer corresponds with details in the ‘Requirement’
the examples given in column of the mark scheme. Reference will also be made to
the mark scheme. the ‘Additional guidance’ column.
2. The answer is Pupils may provide evidence in any form as long as its
provided in a non- meaning can be understood. Diagrams, symbols or words
standard way. are acceptable for explanations or for presenting an answer.
3. The correct answer The mark(s) will not be awarded for crossed-out or erased
or working has been answers or working.
crossed out or erased
and not replaced.
4. More than one answer If all answers given are correct (or a range of answers is
is given. given, all of which are correct), the mark(s) will be awarded
unless the mark scheme states otherwise. If both correct
and incorrect answers are given, the mark(s) will not be
awarded unless the mark scheme states otherwise.
5. No answer is given in Where a pupil has unambiguously indicated the correct

the expected place, answer, the mark(s) will be awarded. In particular, where
but the correct answer a word or number is expected, a pupil may meet the
is given elsewhere. requirement by annotating a graph or labelling a diagram
elsewhere in the question.
6. The answer is correct, A correct final answer will be awarded the mark(s).
but the wrong working
is shown.
7. The pupil has used No alternative notation is accepted as representing a

alternative notation decimal point in a number, for example, a comma.
for a decimal point in
a number. Refer to section 6 for guidance on marking specific types
of question.
8. The pupil has used If the pupil has used a comma as a thousands separator
a symbol as a (positioned either correctly or incorrectly) and the digits are
thousands separator. in the correct order, then the mark(s) will be awarded.
If any other symbol, for example, a decimal point or

apostrophe, is used, the mark(s) will not be awarded,
although method marks may still be available.
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9. The answer in the A transcription error occurs when a pupil miscopies their
answer box is wrong answer from the end of their working into the answer box.
due to a transcription
error. Each part (integer, numerator, denominator) of a mixed
number is considered separately when applying
transcription error rules.
Where appropriate, detailed guidance will be given in the

mark scheme. For questions with no guidance, marks
will only be awarded for a transcription error if the wrong
answer is due to:
• transposed digits in a number (for example, 243 is
written as 324)
OR
• one digit changed in a number of 4 or more digits
(for example, 2,345 is written as 2,845)
The mark(s) will not be awarded for any other transcription
error including:
• a decimal point positioned incorrectly (for example,
12.34 is written as 1.234 or 1234)
• a change by a power of 10 (for example, 200 is written
as 20 or 2,000)
• a digit added or removed (for example, 123,456 written
as 1233,456 or 12,456)
• a negative sign added or removed
10. The answer is Answers should be given as single values in their simplest
numerically or form unless the mark scheme states otherwise, for example,
algebraically for = 536 − 30, the answer 500 + 6 will not be awarded
equivalent to the the mark.
answer in the
For integer answers, for example, 20, the answer 20 will be
mark scheme. 80
1
awarded the mark; 4 will not be awarded the mark.
For decimal answers that include recurring digit(s), there

must be an unambiguous . indication of the recurring digit(s).
For example, for 16 , 0.16 or 0.16 will be awarded the mark and
. .
for 17 , 0.142857 or 0.142857 will be awarded the mark.
For fraction answers that can be expressed as a mixed

number, the fraction paired with the integer must be a
proper fraction, for example, 1 64 will not be awarded the
mark although method marks may still be available.
Where alternative responses are acceptable, this will be

indicated in the ‘Additional guidance’ column.
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Table 3: General marking principles for paper 1 only (arithmetic)
11. The answer in the Misreads are not allowed in Paper 1; the mark(s) will not
answer box is wrong be awarded.
due to a misread of
numbers given in
the question.
12. The pupil has not If a pupil carries out their working somewhere on the page
recorded their working other than beneath the given question as expected, then
beneath the given long the pupil must start by rewriting the original question in
multiplication or order for it to be considered as a formal method.
long division.
Please note that the operation sign does not need to be
given for long multiplication, provided the pupil’s working
shows the intention to multiply.
13. The answer to If a pupil reaches an integer answer using a formal method
the long division with no more than one arithmetic error, for example, 25,
question expresses a then the mark(s) will be awarded for 25 r0 or 25.0, but the
remainder. mark(s) will not be awarded for an answer of 250
For answers with a remainder, the remainder must be

expressed correctly.
If a pupil shows a remainder that is the same size as the

divisor or larger, for example, a remainder of 28 or 29 when
dividing by 28, the mark(s) will not be awarded because the
method is incomplete.
If a pupil reaches a non-integer answer using a formal

method with no more than one arithmetic error, for example,
when dividing by 28, the pupil reaches the answer 6 r14,
then the mark(s) will be awarded for 614
28
or 6.5, but the
14
mark(s) will not be awarded for 6 r28 or 6.14 or 614
14. The long division If a pupil’s formal method involves subtracting chunks, it is
method involves not necessary to show a separate addition of the chunks.
subtracting chunks If the answer is not the correct total for their chunks, then
of different sizes. that is treated as one arithmetic error.
A method is considered as chunking when the size of the

chunks are shown alongside the algorithm.
It should be noted that this method will only be accepted if

all chunks are of different sizes.
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Table 4: General marking principles for papers 2 and 3 only (reasoning)
15. More than one method If a pupil gives more than one method, then the intended
is given. method is taken as the one which leads to the answer in the
answer box or an identified answer elsewhere. If no answer
is given, then all methods must be appropriate for the
method mark(s) to be awarded.
16. There appears to be This occurs when a pupil misreads a number given in the
a misread of numbers question and consistently uses a different number that does
or information given not alter the original intention or difficulty of the question.
in the question that For example, if 243 is misread and written as 248, both
affects the pupil’s numbers may be regarded as comparable in difficulty.
working and/or However, if 243 is misread and written as 245 or 240, the
explanation. misread number may be regarded as making the question
easier. The misread of a number may affect the award of
marks. Any misread number must be seen, not implied.

mark scheme. If no guidance is given, markers will examine
each case to decide whether the mark(s) will be awarded.
The mark(s) will not be awarded if:

• it is a ONE-mark question
• there is more than one misread number in a question
• the mathematics is simplified
• it is an ‘explain’ question
• it is a misread of other information (not numbers)
• the misread number is the same as any other number
in the question
For TWO-mark questions that have a method mark,

one mark will be awarded if an appropriate method is
correctly followed through with the misread number to
give the correct follow-through answer, provided the
mathematics has not been simplified.
For THREE-mark questions, refer to the additional guidance.
17. A misread or an In some instances, a misread or an arithmetic error in a

arithmetic error method leads to an answer with one or more decimal
results in an answer places. In such cases, the method mark(s) will be awarded
with multiple decimal for an answer that is correctly truncated or rounded
places. provided the method is appropriate and the additional
guidance does not specify otherwise. For example, 1.2345
is truncated to 1.2
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18. The pupil has reversed When values within the calculation are reversed, the mark(s)
values within a will only be awarded when the answer corresponds to the
calculation involving correct calculation. For example, if the correct calculation is
subtraction or 12 ÷ 4, the method mark(s) may be awarded for 4 ÷ 12 = 3,
division. but not for an answer other than 3
Reversed values within a calculation are not acceptable in

‘explain’ questions.
19. The pupil omits an If the correct sign of +, − , ×, or ÷ for an arithmetic operation
operation sign within is missing, then the mark(s) will only be awarded if the
their working. working shown by the pupil is clear enough to indicate that
the required operation has been performed. This applies
even if the results of the required operation are incorrect.
Where carrying or decomposition figures are seen, this is
evidence of intention. For example, where the following is
seen in working, the layout of the response implies addition
or subtraction:
456
123
• if the answer is larger than the greater of the given

values, for example, 679, then addition is implied
• if the answer is less than the first given value, for
example, 323, then subtraction is implied
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20. The pupil has used ‘an For some questions, the mark scheme allows the award
appropriate method’. of the method mark(s) for ‘evidence of an appropriate
method’, even if the answer is missing or incorrect. Refer to
the ‘Additional guidance’ column where appropriate.
For the award of the method mark(s) for an appropriate

method, there must be evidence of all the steps of the
appropriate method (any method that would lead to the
correct answer if there were no arithmetic errors and no
additional steps).
This means that, for every step, either:

• the appropriate calculation to be carried out must
be shown
OR
• if the calculation has not been written down, the
correct answer or correct follow-through answer must
be shown
Where the calculation shown would lead to a correct final
answer, even if the processed numbers do not appear to be
taken from the question, a method mark may be awarded
unless the mark scheme specifies otherwise.
21. The pupil has used a ‘Trial and improvement’ is regarded as an acceptable
trial and improvement method, unless the mark scheme states otherwise.
method.
For a ‘trial and improvement’ method to be awarded the
method mark(s):
• there must be at least 3 trials, carried out correctly,
which all reduce the range in which the answer is
known to lie
• there can be additional trials, which are correctly or
incorrectly carried out, and which may not reduce the
range in which the answer is known to lie
• a final answer is not needed, unless the mark scheme
states otherwise
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22. The answer in the Extra working occurs when a pupil writes the correct
answer box is wrong answer in their working, and then continues to process the
but the correct answer information further.
is reached in the
working. When the answer in the answer box is wrong and does not
match the answer reached in the working, it is impossible
to know why the pupil has written a different answer and
it is assumed that extra working has occurred. GMP 9 on
transcription errors still applies.
If the extra working does not contradict the pupil's

appropriate method, the method mark(s) will be awarded.
If the extra working contradicts the pupil's appropriate

method, the method mark(s) will not be awarded.
23. The pupil miscopies a There will be instances when a pupil reaches a value in their
value from one part of working, then restarts from a different value.
their method into the
next part. The mark(s) will not be awarded if:
• it is a ONE-mark question
• there is more than one miscopy in the working
• the miscopy does not follow transcription error rules
(see GMP 9)
The method mark(s) will only be awarded if an appropriate

method is correctly shown using the miscopied number
(which must follow transcription error rules).
24. The correct answer An embedded answer occurs when a pupil shows the
is embedded in the correct answer within their working but then selects the
working. wrong answer from their working as their final answer or
leaves the answer box blank. For example, if a pupil shows
2.5 { 6 = 3 { 5 in the last line of their working and writes 5
in the answer box, whereas the correct answer is 3, then
this will affect the award of marks.

mark scheme. If no guidance is given, markers will examine
each case to decide whether the mark(s) will be awarded.
For ONE-mark questions, the mark will not be awarded.
For TWO-mark questions that have a method mark,

one mark will be awarded, provided the pupil does not give
redundant extra working that contradicts work already done
or which adds to their appropriate method.
For THREE-mark questions, refer to the additional guidance.
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25. The phrase ‘sight of’ For some questions, the mark scheme allows the mark(s)
is used in the mark to be awarded for sight of a particular number or numbers
scheme. within a method. Such numbers are the correct answers to
partial steps within a method.
26. The answer correctly ‘Follow-through’ marks for an answer will only be awarded
follows through from when specifically stated in the mark scheme.
earlier incorrect work.
27. The pupil has drawn Where the mark scheme states that ‘slight inaccuracies in
lines which do not drawing’ should be accepted, this means that the mark(s)
meet at the correct will be awarded for responses marked within or on a circle
point. of radius 2mm with its centre at the correct point.
within the circle on the circle outside the circle

- accepted - accepted - not accepted
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6. Marking specific types of question:

summary of additional guidance
6.1 Answers involving money
Accept Do not accept
Where the £ sign £3.20 £7

is given, for example:
£7.00
£3.20, £7
Any unambiguous indication of Incorrect placement of pounds
£
the correct amount, or pence, for example:
for example:
£320
£3.20p
£320p
£3 20 pence
Incorrect placement of decimal
£3 20 point or incorrect use or
omission of 0 or use of comma
£3-20
as a decimal point,
£3:20 for example:
£3;20 £3.2
£3 200
£32 0
£3-2-0
£3,20
Where the p sign 40p

is given,
for example: Any unambiguous indication of Incorrect or ambiguous use
the correct amount, of pounds or pence or use of
40p for example: comma as a decimal point,
p for example:
£0.40p
0.40p
0 40p
£40p
£0-40p
£0,40p
0:40p
£0;40p
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Where a unit is not £3.20 40p

given, for example:
320p £0.40
£3.20, 40p
Any unambiguous indication of Incorrect or ambiguous use
the correct amount, of pounds or pence or use of
for example: comma as a decimal point,
for example:
£3.20p £0.40 pence
£320 £40
£3 20 pence £0 40p
£320p £40p
£3 20 £0-40
£3.2 0.4
£3-20 £0:40
3.20p 0.40p
£3:20 £0;40
£3,20 0,40
£3;20 £.40
£0,40p
3.20 0.40
320 40
3 pounds 20
6.2 Answers involving time

A time interval, 2 hours 30 minutes

for example:
Any unambiguous, correct Incorrect or ambiguous time
2 hours 30 minutes indication, for example: interval or use of comma as a
decimal point, for example:
(0)2 h 30 150 minutes 2.30 230
(0)2 h 30 min 150 2.3 2.30 min
(0)2 30 2.5 hours 2.3 hours 2,5 hours
(0)2-30 2 12 hours 2.3 h 2,30
Digital electronic time, 2h 3 1 h 90 min

for example:
(0)2:30 (0)2;30
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A specific time, (0)8:40 am

for example:
(0)8:40
8:40 am, 17:20
twenty to nine
Any unambiguous, correct Incorrect time, for example:

indication, for example:
8.4 am
(0)8.40
8.40 pm
(0)8;40
Incorrect placement of
0840 separators, spaces, etc. or
incorrect use or omission of 0
(0)8 40 or use of a comma as a
(0)8-40 decimal point, for example:
Unambiguous change to 840

12 or 24-hour clock,
8:4:0
for example:
8.4
17:20 as 5:20 pm or 17:20 pm
084
8,40
6.3 Answers involving measures

Where units are 8.6 kg

given, for example:
Any unambiguous indication of Incorrect or ambiguous use
8.6 kg the correct measurement, of units or use of comma as a
for example: decimal point, for example:
kg
8.60 kg 8600 kg
m
8.6000 kg 8 kg 600
l 8 kg 600 g 8,60 kg
8,6000 kg
If a pupil gives an answer with a unit different from the unit in the answer box, then their answer must
be equivalent to the correct answer provided, unless otherwise indicated in the mark scheme.
If a pupil leaves the answer box empty but writes the answer elsewhere on the page without
any units, then that answer is assumed to have the units given in the answer box, subject to the
conditions listed above.
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7. Mark schemes for Paper 1: arithmetic

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance
1 697 1m
2 6,594 1m
3 2,808 1m
4 8,413 1m
5 240 1m
6 960 1m
7 14.753 1m
8 2,754 1m
9 50 1m
10 520 1m
11 400 1m
12 6 1m
13 900 1m
14 10 1m Accept equivalent fractions or the exact

63 decimal equivalent, e.g. 0.158730
(accept any unambiguous indication of the
recurring digits).
Do not accept rounded or truncated

decimals.
15 83 1m
16 13 1m Accept equivalent fractions or the exact


decimals.
17 0.03 1m
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18 17 1m Accept equivalent fractions or the

18 exact decimal equivalent, e.g. 0.94
(accept any unambiguous indication
of the recurring digits).

decimals.
19 13.375 1m
20 Award TWO marks for the correct answer Up to

of 37,592 2m
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark Working must be carried through to reach
for the formal method of long multiplication a final answer for the award of ONE mark.
with no more than ONE arithmetic error, e.g.
Do not award any marks if the error is in
• 508 the place value, e.g. the omission of the
× 74 zero when multiplying by tens.
2032
35560 508
37582 (error) × 74
2032
OR 3556 (place value error)
• 5588
508
× 74
2032
35060 (error)
37092
21 1 1m Accept equivalent fractions or the

24 exact decimal equivalent, e.g. 0.0416
(accept any unambiguous indication
of the recurring digits).

decimals.
22 2 1m Accept equivalent fractions.
Do not accept answers such as 1 7

7
23 78 1m
24 38.4 1m
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of 13 2m
for the formal methods of division with no a final answer for the award of ONE mark.
more than ONE arithmetic error, i.e.
• long division algorithm, e.g.
15 r 25
47 611
− 470
260 (error)
− 235
25
OR
18 (error)
47 611
− 470 10 × 47
141
− 141 3 × 47
0
• short division algorithm, e.g. Short division methods must be

supported by evidence of appropriate
1 5 r 6 (error) carrying figures to indicate the use of a
24 division algorithm, and be a complete
47 61 1
method. The carrying figure must be less
than the divisor.
26 1,149 r1 1m Accept equivalent mixed numbers.
OR 1
Do not accept 1,149 r
5
1,149.2
OR
1
1,149
5
27 364 1m Do not accept 364%
28 1 1m Accept equivalent fractions or an exact


decimals.
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of 224,761 2m
for the formal method of long multiplication a final answer for the award of ONE mark.
with no more than ONE arithmetic error, e.g.
Do not award any marks if the error is in
• the place value, e.g. the omission of the
5227
zero when multiplying by tens:
× 43
15681 5227
209080 × 43
214761 (error) 15681
OR 20908 (place value error)
36589
• 5227
× 43
10681 (error)
209080
219761
31 14.8 1m
32 3 1m Accept equivalent fractions or an exact

Do not accept 30%
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of 172 2m
for the formal methods of division with no a final answer for the award of ONE mark.
more than ONE arithmetic error, i.e.
• long division algorithm, e.g.
172 r 10
26 4472
− 2600
1872
− 1820
52
− 42 (error)
10
OR
162 (error)
26 4472
− 2600 100 × 26
1872
− 1820 70 × 26
52
52 2 × 26
• short division algorithm, e.g. Short division methods must be

supported by evidence of appropriate
1 7 3 (error) carrying figures to indicate the use of a
18 5 division algorithm, and be a complete
26 44 7 2
method. The carrying figures must be less
than the divisor.
34 2 1 1m Accept equivalent mixed numbers,

12 fractions or an exact decimal equivalent,
e.g. 2.083 (accept any unambiguous
OR
indication of the recurring digits).
25 Do not accept rounded or truncated
12 decimals.
36 600 1m Do not accept 1800

3
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8. Mark schemes for Paper 2: reasoning

1 Award ONE mark for the correct clock circled, 1m Accept alternative unambiguous positive
as shown: indication of the correct answer.
XII XII
XI I XI I
X
X
II
II
IX
III
IX
III
II
II
IV
IV
VI
VI
I V I V
VI VI VI VI
XII XII
XI I XI I
X
X
II
II
IX
III
IX
III
II
II
IV
IV
VI
VI
I V I V
VI VI VI VI
2 Award ONE mark for the correct order as 1m Misreads and transcription errors
shown: are not allowed.
−10°C −4°C 1°C 3°C 6°C

Lowest Accept temperatures in reverse order AND
the label lowest changed to follow suit.
3 (6,2) 1m
4 7 1m
Page 22 of 40
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5 Award ONE mark for a correct explanation 1m Do not accept vague or incomplete
that demonstrates why Stefan’s total number explanations, e.g.
of wheels is incorrect, e.g.
• 20 and 6
Uses 5 cars and 3 motorbikes to show that • because 3 motorbikes is 6 wheels.
the total number of wheels cannot be 28 • he is two off the answer.
because there are 26 wheels, e.g.
• 5 × 4 = 20 Do not accept responses that restate the
3×2=6 question e.g. 3 motorbikes and 5 cars
20 + 6 = 26 (not 28) does not equal 28
• 20 and 6 - he is wrong because you Do not accept explanations which

need an extra pair of wheels. include incorrect mathematics or incorrect
• because on 5 cars there are 20 wheels information relevant to the explanation.
but on 3 motorbikes there are 6 wheels
so he would need another motorbike to
have 28 wheels.
• 26 (not 28)
OR
Uses 3 motorbikes and the total of 28 wheels to
show that the number of cars cannot be 5, e.g.
• 3 motorbikes would have 6 wheels
which leaves 22 wheels for the cars. But
22 divided by 4 is five and a half cars, so
that can’t be possible.
OR
Uses 5 cars and the total number of
28 wheels to show that the number of
motorbikes cannot be 3, e.g.
• There are 5 cars with 20 wheels. And
there must be 4 motorbikes for him to
have 28 wheels, so Stefan is wrong.
OR
Demonstrates that Stefan would have either
two extra wheels or an extra motorbike, e.g.
• He is wrong because he has counted 2
more wheels.
Page 23 of 40
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6 £3.61 1m Refer to section 6.1 on pages 14 and

15 for additional guidance on marking
answers involving money.
7 Award ONE mark for the correct order, as 1m Do not accept 25−
shown:
75 50 25 0 −25
8 24,400 1m Do not accept 400
9 Award ONE mark for all three diagrams 1m Lines need not touch the diagrams and
matched correctly, as shown: names, provided the intention is clear.
Do not accept a diagram matched to

more than one name.
circumference
diameter
radius
10 216 1m
11a 20,039 1m
11b 18,939 1m
Page 24 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
12 Both lines of symmetry drawn correctly, 1m Accept slight inaccuracies in drawing lines
as shown: provided the intention is clear.
Within the shape, both lines of symmetry

must be within 2mm of the correct end
points for the award of a mark.
(See page 13 for guidance.)
Do not award the mark if additional lines

are given, e.g.
OR
OR
OR
13 110 1m
14 Award ONE mark for an answer in the range 1m

of 128 to 132 inclusive.
Page 25 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
15 All four fractions correctly placed on the 1m Misreads are not allowed.
number line, as shown:
Accept equivalent fractions.
1 1
4 2
0 1
1 1
6 3
16 5 1m Refer to section 6.3 on page 16 for

additional guidance on marking answers
involving measures.
17 Award TWO marks for the correct answer of Up to

33 2m
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark Answer need not be obtained for the
for evidence of an appropriate method, e.g. award of ONE mark.
• 4 × 50 = 200 If the pupil reaches an answer with a
200 ÷ 6 = 30 (error) remainder and subsequently rounds to the
nearest integer value either side, then the
OR
method remains appropriate for the award
• 50 ÷ 6 = 8 r 2 of ONE mark, e.g.
(8 r 2) × 4 = 32 r 8
• 200 ÷ 6 = 31 r 8
Acceptable rounded answers would be

OR
31 OR 32
Award ONE mark for sight of: For the 'sight of' mark, accept equivalent
fractions.
• 33 1 OR 33.3 OR 33.33 r OR 33.3
3
OR 33 r 2
Award ONE mark for an answer of 34.
(as evidence of completing 200 ÷ 6 correctly
without interpreting the remainder in context)
Page 26 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
18 Award TWO marks for the correct answer Up to Accept for TWO marks for an equivalent
2m
of 7 fraction of 7 e.g. 35
20 20 100
(3 × 4)
• 3 = 12
5 (5 × 4) 20
1 + 12 = 13
20 20 20
1 − 13
20
• 1 + 3 = 13
20 5 20
1 − 13
20
OR
• Award ONE mark for sight of 13 Also accept for ONE mark equivalent
20
(as evidence of correctly totalling price A fractions for 13 e.g. 65
20 100
and price B tickets).
19 200 1m
20 Award TWO marks for boxes completed Up to

correctly, as shown: 2m
323 5
× 5 3
970 5
16 175 0
17 145 5
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark

for either box completed correctly.
Page 27 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
21 Award TWO marks for 267.5 OR 267 1 (cm) Up to

2 2m
• 30 × 8 = 210 (error)
2.5 × 11 = 27.5
210 + 27.5
OR
• 30 ÷ 2.5 = 12
8 × 12 + 11 = 106 (error)
106 × 2.5
OR
• 12 inches = 1 ft
1 ft + 8 ft = 9 ft
30 × 9 = 270
270 − 2.5
22 3 1m Also accept equivalent fractions, e.g. 1

12 4
23 Award TWO marks for the correct answer of Up to

19 2m
• 650 ÷ 10 = 65 If a pupil’s method uses repeated addition
65 × 2 = 130 or subtraction appropriately, only one step
650 + 130 = 780 error is allowed, otherwise the method is
780 ÷ 40 not appropriate.
• 20% of 650 = 130
If the pupil reaches an answer with a
130 + 650 = 770 (error)
remainder and subsequently rounds to the
770 ÷ 40
OR method remains appropriate for the award
of ONE mark, e.g.
Award ONE mark for sight of:
• 19.5 OR 19 1 OR 19 r 20 OR 19 r 2 780 ÷ 40 = 14 r 2 (error)
2
(as evidence of a complete method before Acceptable rounded answers would be
rounding down) 14 OR 15
Award ONE mark for an answer of 20.
Page 28 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
24 564 1m
25a 20 1m
25b Award TWO marks for the correct answer of Up to Accept for TWO marks 0.0048 kg for
4.8 (g) 2m final answer in working and the answer
box blank OR 0.0048 in answer box
where the grams has been replaced with
kilograms (kg).
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark Accept for ONE mark 0.0048g in the
for evidence of an appropriate method, e.g. answer box OR as the final answer in the
working and answer box blank.
• 2.4 × 1000 = 240 (error)
240 ÷ 500 Answer need not be obtained for award of
• 2.4 ÷ 500 = 0.0048 ONE mark.
0.0048 × 1000
26a 18 1m
26b 3 1m
Page 29 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
9. Mark schemes for Paper 3: reasoning

1 Award ONE mark for digits placed correctly, 1m

as shown:
2 4 7
2 Award ONE mark for the third box ticked 1m Accept alternative unambiguous positive
correctly, as shown: indication of the correct answer.
8,306
80,036
80,306 ✓
800,306
80,300,006
3 Diagram completed, as shown: 1m Ignore any attempt to label the reflected

triangle.
y
Accept slight inaccuracies in drawing,

provided the intention is clear.
A
See page 13 for guidance.
B C
4 Award ONE mark for the correct order, as 1m

shown:
1,780 1,880 1,980 2,080 2,180
Page 30 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
5 Correct decimals circled, as shown: 1m Accept alternative unambiguous positive

indication of the correct answer.
13.2 14.7 15.9 16.3 17.6
6 300,000 1m
7 10 1 1m Also accept equivalent decimal answers,

2 e.g. 10.5 OR 10.50
8 Award ONE mark for the four shapes 1m Lines need not touch the shapes and
matched correctly, as shown: names, provided the intention is clear.
Do not accept any shape that has been

irregular pentagon matched to more than one name.
irregular hexagon
regular hexagon
regular pentagon
9 Award ONE mark for an explanation that 1m Do not accept responses that restate the
recognises that 32 is not a multiple of 3, e.g. question, e.g. Jack is not correct because
if you multiply 3 by any whole number you
• 32 is not in the 3× table
will not get 32.
• 32 ÷ 3 = 10 r 2 or 10.66 (which are not
whole numbers) Do not accept vague or incomplete
• if you count in multiples of 3 from 0, explanations, e.g.
you won't get 32
• If you multiply by 3 you will get 30,
• 3 + 2 = 5, 5 is not a multiple of 3 so he not 32
is wrong.
• 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33
OR • 32 is not a factor of 3
For a description that includes one or both of Do not accept explanations which
the multiples of 3 either side of 32, e.g. include incorrect mathematics or incorrect
information relevant to the explanation.
• if you do 10 × 3 = 30 and 11 × 3 = 33
there is no 32
• 10 × 3 = 30 and 32 is 2 away.
Page 31 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
10 3 1m Accept the answer of 9 as long as the

exponent has been crossed out.
11 Award TWO marks for correct answer of Up to

2,458 2m
• 7,918 + 4,624 = 12,542
15,000 − 12,542
OR
• 15,000 − 7,918 = 7,182 (error)
7,182 − 4,624
OR
• 15,000 − 4,624 = 10,376
10,376 − 7,918 = 2,558 (error)
Page 32 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
12 Award TWO marks for two boxes correctly Up to Accept alternative unambiguous positive
ticked, and no incorrect boxes ticked, as 2m indication of the correct answer.
shown:
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark

for:
• two boxes ticked correctly and one
incorrect box ticked.
OR
• only one box ticked correctly and no
incorrect boxes ticked.
Page 33 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
13 9 1m
14a 1 1m Do not accept equivalent fractions.

4
14b 2 1m Do not accept equivalent fractions.

5
15a Award ONE mark for: 1m Accept answer in words, e.g. ten to six
• 5:50, (0)5:50 pm OR 17:50 OR
Answer written unconventionally, e.g.

10 to 6
Refer to section 6.2 on pages 15 and

16 for additional guidance on marking
answers involving a time.
15b Award ONE mark for: 1m Award the mark if the answer is given in
hours only or minutes only, i.e.
• 1 (hours) 45 (minutes)
• 1.75 (hours) Blank (minutes)
OR
• Blank (hours) 105 (minutes)
16 Award TWO marks for correct answer of 35(g) Up to

2m
• 870 − 30 = 840 If the pupil reaches an answer with a
840 ÷ 24 remainder and subsequently rounds to the
OR
method remains appropriate for the award
• 870 − 30 = 850 (error) of ONE mark, e.g.
850 ÷ 24 = 35 r 10
840 ÷ 24 = 36 r 10
Acceptable rounded answers would be

36 OR 37
17 5 1m Accept equivalent fractions, e.g. 10

6 12
Page 34 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
18a Award ONE mark for drawing the bar in the 1m Ignore the width of the bar.
range of 650 mm to 750 mm, e.g.
Rainfall at Heathrow Airport
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
18b Award TWO marks for the correct answer of Up to Answer need not be obtained or rounded
1,543 2m for the award of ONE mark.
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark Any acceptable rounding or truncating
for evidence of an appropriate method, e.g. does not negate an appropriate method.
Any value which does not result from
• 1,452 + 1,669 + 1,508 = 4,629
correct rounding or truncating implies an
4,629 ÷ 3
additional step not shown.
OR
• 1,452 + 1,669 + 1,508 = 4619 (error)
4619 ÷ 3
OR
Award ONE mark for sight of 4629 (as

evidence of the sum of sunshine hours)
Page 35 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
19 Award TWO marks for the correct answer of Up to Misreads are not allowed.
(£)2.65 2m
If the answer is incorrect, award ONE mark Accept for ONE mark an answer of
for evidence of a complete method which £265, £265p or £2,65 as evidence of an
contains no more than one arithmetic error, appropriate method.
e.g.
Refer to section 6.1 on pages 14 and
• £3.20 ÷ 2 = £1.60 15 for additional guidance on marking
1 of 60p = 15p answers involving money.
4
60p + 15p = 75p
£1.60 + 75p = £2.25 (error)
£5 − £2.25 = £2.75
OR
• sight of (£)2.35 OR 235 (p) (as evidence
of the total cost of mushrooms
and carrots).
20 Award TWO marks for the three correct Up to Accept alternative unambiguous positive
expressions circled, as shown: 2m indication of the correct answers.
w×6 w × 2 + 12
2×(w+6) 6+w+6+w
Award ONE mark for two correct expressions

circled and no incorrect expressions circled.
Page 36 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
21 Award THREE marks for the correct answer Up to A misread of a number may affect the
of 323 3m award of marks. No marks are awarded
if there is more than one misread or if the
Award TWO marks for:
mathematics is simplified.
• An incorrect answer with evidence of an
TWO marks will be awarded if an
appropriate complete method with no
appropriate method with the misread
more than one arithmetic error, e.g.
number is followed through correctly.
25
ONE mark will be awarded for evidence
× 34
100 of an appropriate method with the misread
750 number followed through correctly with
950 (error) no more than one error.
62% of 950 = 589 Within an appropriate method, if the pupil

950 − 589 = 361 has rounded appropriately with no more
than one arithmetic error, the pupil may be
OR awarded TWO marks.
• 34 × 25 = 950 (error)
95 × 3 = 285
9.5 × 8 = 76
285 + 76 = 361
OR
• sight of 527 (as evidence of calculating
62% of 850)
Award ONE mark for: Answer need not be obtained for the
award of ONE mark.
• evidence of an appropriate method with
more than one error.
OR
• sight of 850 (as evidence of the
multiplication step completed correctly)
22 Number machine boxes completed correctly, 1m

as shown:
octagon 8 ×5 ÷2 20
Page 37 of 40
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PrimaryTools.co.uk
23 Award TWO marks for two correct answers in Up to

the boxes, as shown: 2m
a
a b b
1 4 0.25
3 20 0.15
5 8 0.625
Award ONE mark for one correct answer.
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Paper 1: arithmetic, Paper 2: reasoning and Paper 3: reasoning
Print PDF version product code: STA/23/8720/p ISBN: 978-1-78957-633-7
Electronic PDF version product code: STA/23/8720/e ISBN: 978-1-78957-654-2
For more copies
Additional copies of this book are not available during the test window.
They can be downloaded afterwards from
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum-assessments-practice-materials.
© Crown copyright 2023
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Subject to the exceptions listed below, the test materials on this website are Crown copyright and you may
re-use them (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium in accordance with the terms of the
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2023 national curriculum tests

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

2. Structure of the test 3

3. Content domain coverage 3

4. Explanation of the mark schemes 5

5. General marking guidance 5

8. Mark schemes for Paper 2: reasoning 22

9. Mark schemes for Paper 3: reasoning 30

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

2. Structure of the test

3. Content domain coverage

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

Paper 1: arithmetic Paper 2: reasoning Paper 3: reasoning

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

4. Explanation of the mark schemes

The ‘Requirement’ column may include two types of information:

5. General marking guidance

Recording marks awarded

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

5.2 General marking principles

5. No answer is given in Where a pupil has unambiguously indicated the correct

7. The pupil has used No alternative notation is accepted as representing a

If any other symbol, for example, a decimal point or

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

Where appropriate, detailed guidance will be given in the

For decimal answers that include recurring digit(s), there

For fraction answers that can be expressed as a mixed

Where alternative responses are acceptable, this will be

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

Table 3: General marking principles for paper 1 only (arithmetic)

For answers with a remainder, the remainder must be

If a pupil shows a remainder that is the same size as the

If a pupil reaches a non-integer answer using a formal

A method is considered as chunking when the size of the

It should be noted that this method will only be accepted if

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

Table 4: General marking principles for papers 2 and 3 only (reasoning)

Where appropriate, detailed guidance will be given in the

The mark(s) will not be awarded if:

For TWO-mark questions that have a method mark,

For THREE-mark questions, refer to the additional guidance.

17. A misread or an In some instances, a misread or an arithmetic error in a

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

Reversed values within a calculation are not acceptable in

• if the answer is larger than the greater of the given

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

For the award of the method mark(s) for an appropriate

This means that, for every step, either:

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes

If the extra working does not contradict the pupil's

If the extra working contradicts the pupil's appropriate

The method mark(s) will only be awarded if an appropriate

Where appropriate, detailed guidance will be given in the

For ONE-mark questions, the mark will not be awarded.

For TWO-mark questions that have a method mark,

For THREE-mark questions, refer to the additional guidance.

2023 key stage 2 mathematics test mark schemes