Thermoplastic Packaging
Thermoplastic Packaging
Thermoplastic Packaging
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The design of Thermoplastic packaging and products maker for Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia
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All content following this page was uploaded by Muhammad Farid on 25 June 2020.
The design of Thermoplastic packaging and products maker for Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia
Dian Cahyadi*1, Lanta L2, Nurabdiansyah3, Muhammad Farid4
1,2,3Arts and Design Faculty, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
*e-mail: [email protected]
4Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
Abstract
The production technology of packaging and other products based on plastic material is not as complicated as many people think. This
research is a study to find the proper method to use in the design of packaging and plastics maker tools. The product is dedicated to
(Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia to encourage them to produce products with attractive packaging. By the creation
of this toolmaker is also expected to be potentially marketable for industrial development based on the use of materials from plastic.
The literature study method is used to collect all pertinent information about appropriate methods, systems, and technical molding that
can be used to form the basis of application of design materials. The methods can be applied to the design plan of packaging equipment
and plastic products. This research is based the basic concepts of engineering principles of equipment consisting of heating and forming
process using vacuum cleaner machine tool that is easily obtained and prepare the box facilities that can be obtained around our
environment. In addition, by understanding the engineering principles of equipment, vacuum forming can be done. This research shows
that using Thermoplastic can produce not only the packaging that is the specific purpose of this research activity, but also has the
potential market space to produce a wide range of other creative products.
Keywords:
Molding; thermo forming; SMEs development.
1 INTRODUCTION
Produce plastic products with various forms and functions known today, are industrial products manufactured using
molding techniques and die casting techniques. Especially among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), generally
depends on products made of plastic. Constraints faced by small and medium industry players is the choice of products
offered by the market is very limited, especially if related to the value of differentiation that would be produced as a
differentiator with other products. Another obstacle is that the industry engaged in the plastic industry is still lacking, so
that SMEs depend on the industry in China. Indeed, molding equipment to produce goods made of plastic material can
be produced at an affordable price for SMEs. Because the molding manufacturing technology to produce three-
dimensional objects can be made with many prototypes and according to production needs (Anita, 2016; Badan Pusat
Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2017). The purpose of writing the results of this study is to obtain an overview of the
methods and systems to be used in the design of packaging equipment that will produce the model and prototype.
2 METHOD
The method used in this study is a literature study related to production technology made from polymer / thermoplastic
obtained from various sources (Geoff, 2016; Kopeliovich, 2014).
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Seen packaging that is made other than other products (stands out) and sometimes they dare to use expensive materials
to wrap the products sold. Although there is no message written on the wrapper, but the packaging communicates a good
image. Therefore, that the packaging presented in supermarket will not be drowned by other competitor products. By
looking at a very important packaging function, the packaging functional concept should cover the entire marketing
process from product conception to end-user (Kertajaya, 2006).
The structure of the design related to the physical features of the packaging consists of 3 sub-dimensions, they are
shape, size, and materials. The forms affect the protection and security functions in touching, pouring, and storing (Smith,
Smith, & Zook, 2011). The simpler form is more attractive than the usual, and the rectangle is more preferable than the
box (9). Sizes are also associated with dimensions to production costs, related to mass or net dosage, as well as the
packaging dimensions, associated shipping costs, and affecting the shape of the product itself. That is how to rate the
number of objects, time, or situation in accordance with certain rules. The material considerations referred to in this
problem are on the psychological approach, that the packaging materials used should be able to provide convenience for
the consumer to perceive that the price is related to quality (Smith et al., 2011).
3.2 Packaging Product Information
The inherent information on the product can help the consumer in making purchasing decisions more carefully (Silayoi
& Speece, 2004). Especially for food products on their packaging must include; brand, composition, net weight,
manufacturer address, production code, expiration period, production number of Household Industry (Supardi &
Sukamto, 1999). Material Requirements for Aspects of product quality to be protected are a key consideration in
determining to select the packaging material used. The quality of the product when it reaches the consumer depends on
the condition of raw materials, processing methods and storage conditions.
Thus the packaging function must meet the following requirements(Klimchuk & Krasovec, 2018):
• Good wrapping capability to facilitate handling, transport, distribution, storage and compilation / buildup.
• The ability to protect its contents from a variety of external risks, such as protection from hot / cold air, sunlight,
odor, mechanical stress, microorganism contamination.
• Ability as an attraction to consumers. In this case identification, information and appearance such as shape, color
and beauty of packaging materials should get attention.
• Economic requirements, i.e. ability to meet market desires, target communities, and destination places.
• Has the size, shape and weight that conform to existing norms or standards, is easy to dispose of, and is easily
molded or molded.
With the requirement that must be fulfilled the packaging then the mistake in choosing the packaging raw materials,
the mistake of choosing the packaging design and the mistake in choosing the type of packaging, can be minimized. To
meet these requirements the packaging must have the following properties:
• Permeable to air (oxygen and other gases).
• It is non-toxic and inert (does not react and causes chemical reactions) to maintain the color, flavor, and taste of the
packaged product.
• Waterproof (able to hold water or moisture around it).
• Strong and not easy to leak.
• Relatively heat resistant.
• Easy to work in bulk and relatively cheap price.
Table 1. Plastic packaging code by type and designation (Buckle & Buckel, 1978)
Table 2. Plastic materials with product examples and explanations (Krisnadwi, 2013)
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distribution and tolerance. This process is more difficult to control than any other thermoforming process. The main
drawback is that with the extruder and the former tied together in an angry mood one causing shutdown in both.
The majority of roll-feed engines or in-line engines are typically used for the production of thin-walled products such
as cups, trays, caps, internal packaging, and other finished products with a wall thickness of 0.003 "to 0.060". The speed
of this secondary operation machine is incorporated in the unit, this may consist of printing, filling, sealing, cutting off,
scrap cutting, or automatic removal, and stacking of finished products. Normal roll-fed machines consist of rolling
stations, upper and lower heating banks, form stations, cooling stations, and trim stations Work principle. In theory, the
working principle of thermoforming is quite simple. Heat Polystyrene sheets (HIPs), Polypropylene, or similar plastic or
filament sheets, and by means of vacuum and air pressure, the sheets are pulled over the solid mold to obtain the desired
shape. The majority of thermoforming production is with Fed Roll machines. Fed Sheet machines are used for smaller
volume applications, and larger products. Plastic sheets softened in heating stations. Then forwarded to the molding
station where the molding material is located. Thermoforming is the process of forming a flat thermoplastic sheet that
includes two stages: softening the sheet with heating, followed by molding it in the mold cavity. Elastomers and
thermosets cannot be formed by the Thermoforming method because of their cross-linked structure - it does not soften
when heated.
This activity is carried out to evoke various engineering potentials with their achievements. The results of this activity are
set to use the thermoforming method to be used as the basis for the engineering design of the designed tool.
3.5 Technical Engineering Analysis
In this activity is conducted a study related to basic design engineering, namely method of thermoforming. The
Thermoforming method is chosen after analyzing the overall known molding method for reasons of conformity with the
design objectives. Then the Thermoforming method is analyzed based on suitability, ease, and device requirements used.
So it was chosen to use the method of Vacuum forming based on the decision that the technique with this method is very
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easy to be realized for the SMEs due to the simplicity and simplicity of the process and the procurement of supporting
equipment including the most easy to obtain in the area. The results of the assessment are shown in the table below.
Based on the results obtained showed that Vacuum Thermoforming becomes an option based on the aspect of ease of
obtaining equipment to perform the most easily and cheap equipment design activities to be obtained in the area. Once
defined the method used. Then the method is analyzed from several technical aspects of design such as; 1) methods of
work/process; 2) technical methods; 3) design method. Referring to the process of vacuum thermoforming, the figure
shows how the plastic is pulled or inhaled through the molding (negative) molding preparation and pressed with the
(positive) molding plug done simultaneously after the plastic sheet has been heated.
The results of the analysis concluded that preparing the molding (negative) according to Kopeliovich method is very
expensive, especially in the manufacture of molding (negatively). The design considers the inlet points i.e. the holes where
the air passes have been trapped becomes in a difficulty level for small industries with mastery of technology that is still
in a simple / concise stage and is applicative. Of course, this is a major consideration. Based on the deficiencies possessed
by the method presented by Kopeliovich, then further study is done with the mirror technique that is doing the reverse
process of the reference method. This method is made to be adapted to various forms of molding as printed reference. In
the drawings presented technical method, which is the development of the method presented by Kopeliovich. It consists
of two mechanical methods of mechanics, namely; 1) The lift / push-up method is similar to the Pressure Thermoforming
method. The difference lies in the direction, i.e. on this method from the bottom or lifted using the levers. 2) Press method
is similar to the method of Vacuum Thermoforming. The difference lies in the direction, i.e. on the method as described,
i.e. molding is made object placed on the cross section (inlet). So, the placement of the inlet holes in the molding is no
longer made. Here are the drawings of engineering design analysis of the concept of the method used as the basis of
design.
3.6 Product Trial Test
3.6.1 Hacking around objects
The purpose of hacking the many items around us is to see if they can be made to make the packaging tool. Therefore,
that IKM can make it happen with cheap cost without the need to buy the molding equipment with a very expensive cost.
In addition, it aims to identify weaknesses with tolerances so that they are feasible to use.
3.6.2 Trials using donut containers
In the first trial tested to make the tool using plastic containers known by housewives as donut containers. The following
trial using donut containers are described in the table 4 below.
3 Drilling The process of making holes in top the box by following the pattern made on
paper and then affixed. At the time of perforation, please note the direction of
drill perpendicular. This is to avoid split-flow. Results after perforated. The
result after the strip mall paper is removed.
3 Place the center buffer in the box cavity The purpose of placing the center bull is to avoid deflection (bow) on the surface
of the in-let hole. The occurrence of deflection results in the deformation of
undesirable forms.
4 Make an outlet hole Then made an outlet hole on one side of the container wall.
5 Then made an outlet hole on one side of The process of covering or pasting the meeting between the container cover with
the container wall. the container. Using a glue gun or burning glue. The purpose of closure is to
avoid loss-suction capacity. At this stage, the tool is ready to use.
6 Installing a vacuum cleaner outlet pipe The equipment is ready for use. By simply pairing a vacuum cleaner pipe, the
type handheld with 5 Kpa suction power. equipment is ready for use. In this tool is not made heating containers. In this
experiment, an oven heater is commonly used by housewives in cookies.
7 Power suction test The results of the experiment show that the suction power or power suction is
very strong. The test results using duct tape, visible duct tape deformation due
to the pull of strong suction power. The deflection support also gets the effect.
So it needs additional buffer.
The advantages of using donut containers to hacking are easy to obtain and very familiar and the workmanship process
using the material is easy. The shortage of donut container utilization is the plates or the surface of the inlet portion are
fat, this is due to the plastic material and if with such structures many unwanted folds are produced on the printout. The
recommendations on the use of donut containers are it is necessary to provide a buffer structure under the inlet cross
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section and producing a simple print product can be recommended using the donut container. Understanding the principle
of making. In this trial test, it was decided to create a tool using standard materials according to the recommendation of
the trial results based on the design objectives.
4 CONCLUSION
The production technology of packaging and other products based on plastic material is not as complicated as many
people think. The technology is engineered based on the physical properties of a plastic that is melted if it is heat treated
so it is easy to be formed. Understanding the basic concepts of engineering principles of equipment consisting of heating
process and forming process using vacuum cleaner machine tool that is easily obtained and prepare the box facilities that
can be obtained around us, the vacuum forming activity can be done. In accordance with the results obtained show that
with simple equipment can produce a product that is useful to produce various types of packaging according to the form
of creativity. These results also show that using this tool can produce not only the packaging that is the specific purpose
of this research activity. However, it also has the potential to produce a wide range of other creative products.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Gratitude to DRPM DIKTI (Directorate of Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia) for funding this project. The
authors express appreciation to the Rector of UNM, the head of UNM research institute, and the Dean of the Faculty of
Arts and Design of UNM for their support. In addition, all the supports from staff, colleagues, students, and families
during the project are truly appreciated.
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