Lipids Friends or Foes-1121
Lipids Friends or Foes-1121
Lipids Friends or Foes-1121
2023/11/24
• Lipids include:
• Open Chain forms
• Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, waxes,
glycerolphospholipids
• Prostaglandins (pain, inflammations..)
• Lipid-soluble vitamins (derived lipids)
• Cyclic forms
• Cholesterol, steroid hormones and bile salts
Types of lipids
Lipids
Open chain
Cyclic forms
forms
a end
Fatty acid:
• an unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most
commonly of 12 - 20 carbons
• usually contain even numbers of carbons.
w end
Fatty Acids
月桂酸
肉豆蔻酸
棕櫚酸
硬脂酸
Fatty Acids: structures & melting points(II)
M.P.
棕櫚油酸
油酸
亞麻油酸
次亞麻油酸
花生油酸
Types of lipids: triacylglycerols
Lipids
Open chain
Cyclic forms
forms
Lipids
Open chain
Cyclic forms
forms
Polar head
Nonpolar tails
1-2. Cyclic form lipids
Cyclic Forms: Steroids
• Lipid Bilayers:
• The polar surface of
the bilayer contains
charged groups
• The hydrophobic
tails lie in the interior
of the bilayer
2-2. Lipids in the membrane
bilayers
Lipids in the membrane bilayers
• Compositions on
inside and outside of
lipid bilayer can be
different (asymmetric)
• Fluid Mosaic Model
Lipids in the membrane bilayers
• The presence of
cholesterol reduces
membrane fluidity:
• Presence of
cholesterol reduces
fluidity by stabilizing
extended chain
conformations of
hydrocarbon tails of
FA
• Due to hydrophobic
interactions
Biological Membranes and cholesterols
• Mosaic:
• the structure is that of a lipid bilayer with proteins,
glycolipids, and steroids such as cholesterol
embedded in it
Proteins in the membrane bilayers
• Functions:
transport
substances across
membranes; act as
receptor sites, and
sites of enzyme
catalysis
• Peripheral proteins
• bound by
electrostatic
interactions
• Integral proteins
• bound tightly to
the interior of the
membrane
Summary
A. Triacylglycerols
B. Glycerophospholipids
C. Waxes
D. Steroid hormones (e.g. androgens)
Quiz
2) Which of the following lipids is the major energy
storage form?
A. Glycolipids
B. Glycerophospholipids
C. Cholesterols
D. Triacylglycerols
Quiz
3) Which statement is true about the biological
membranes?
A.
B. C.
D. E.
BCH in daily life: Saponification
• 8). Hand-made soaps normally made from a
mixture of oils with different ratios. Variations
in the ratio of oils bring out the properties of
that soap. Increasing the ratio of which kind
of oil would produce softer soaps?
Glyceryl 3 sodium
tripalmitate glycerol palmitate (soap)
149
Glycerophospholipid structures
9) Identify each part of the following glycerophospholipid as
a) Glycerol, b). Unsaturated fatty acid, c). Saturated fatty
acid, d). Phosphate group and e). Amino alcohol. Place
them in order (from 1-5).
2 A). abcde
B). acbde
3
1 C). abbde
4 5 D). acced
Cholesterols in the membrane
10). Where would cholesterol be found if added to a
phospholipid bilayer?
Membrane Fluidity
11). The plasma membrane must retain a certain level of
fluidity to function. The temperature of cells is colder near
the hooves on reindeer than it is at the reindeer's torso.
Predict how the plasma membrane composition of epithelial
cells near a reindeer’s hooves would differ from
that of cells on the reindeer’s torso. Why?
13). The
arrangements of
molecules could
affects interaction
between
molecules. Can
you explain why
does the cis
double bond A). Stearic B). Oleic
affect the melting acid acid
Hydro-
phobic
Applications: Membranes in Drug delivery
Drug delivery by liposomes:
The release of a drug from
liposomes depends on
the liposome composition,
pH, osmotic gradient,
and the surrounding
environment
Easily fused
with membrane
Pharmacological reports (2012) 64: 1020-1037
Applications: Membrane in Drug delivery
• Q 16: In the target therapy, drug can be specifically
delivered to the local affected area. Liposomes are
considered to be a good candidate for the target therapy
because the membrane surface could be modified by
adding various biomolecules. If you are developing
liposomes carrier for a cancer drug to the brain tumor
area, how would you modify the membrane surface to
make the liposomes specifically deliver to the brain area?
You are welcome express answers in drawings.