L4 Lipid
L4 Lipid
L4 Lipid
Carboxyl end
C5 C3 C1
Methyl end COOH also known as the α, β, and γ
carbons, respectively, and the
C16 C4 C2 terminal methyl carbon is known
as the ω- or n-carbon.
Other nomenclature:
• arachidonic acid, 20:4(5,8,11,14), is 20 carbons long and has 4 double
bonds (between carbons 5–6, 8– 9, 11–12, and 14–15).
Essential fatty acids
• Dietary essentials in humans because we lack the enzymes needed to
synthesize them. Plants provide us with these essential fatty acids.
• Linoleic (18:2) and α-linolenic acids (18:3) are the only fatty acids
known to be essential for animals including humans.
• Conditional essential fatty acid: arachidonic acid
• can be formed from linoleic acid.
• Essential fatty acid deficiency (rare) can result in a dry, scaly
dermatitis as a result of an inability to synthesize molecules that
provide the water barrier in skin.
Cholesterol
• Precursor of many steroids
• Bile acids, hormones, vitamin D
• Constituent of tissue: Basic structure
• plasma membrane and lipoproteins
• Often found as cholesteryl ester
• Esterified with a long chain fatty acids
• It occurs in animals but not in plants or
bacteria.
cholesterol
Clinical Importance
• Essential roles in nutrition and heath
• Obesity
• Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases
• diabetes mellitus
Obesity
• Excessive fat deposits cause
obesity
• a risk factor for increased
mortality, hypertension, type 2
diabetes mellitus,
hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia,
and various endocrine
dysfunctions
Atherosclerosis