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    1 Components of Fire-Fighting System and Its Application

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    Fire-fighting systems include both active and passive components to control fires. Active systems like automatic sprinklers and fire alarms actively work to suppress fires, while passive fire-resistant walls and coatings control fires without direct action. Key components of fire-fighting systems are automatic detection systems, sprinklers, standpipes, fire extinguishers, hose reels, fire alarms, smoke control systems, fire command centers, and post-fire smoke purge systems, each playing an important role in fire safety.

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    1 Components of Fire-Fighting System and Its Application

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    srih89437
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    Fire-fighting systems include both active and passive components to control fires. Active systems like automatic sprinklers and fire alarms actively work to suppress fires, while passive fire-resistant walls and coatings control fires without direct action. Key components of fire-fighting systems are automatic detection systems, sprinklers, standpipes, fire extinguishers, hose reels, fire alarms, smoke control systems, fire command centers, and post-fire smoke purge systems, each playing an important role in fire safety.

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    CE_20CE34P_W12_S2_Sy

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    Fire-fighting systems include both active and passive components to control fires. Active systems like automatic sprinklers and fire alarms actively work to suppress fires, while passive fire-resistant walls and coatings control fires without direct action. Key components of fire-fighting systems are automatic detection systems, sprinklers, standpipes, fire extinguishers, hose reels, fire alarms, smoke control systems, fire command centers, and post-fire smoke purge systems, each playing an important role in fire safety.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    20 views6 pages

    1 Components of Fire-Fighting System and Its Application

    Uploaded by

    srih89437
    Fire-fighting systems include both active and passive components to control fires. Active systems like automatic sprinklers and fire alarms actively work to suppress fires, while passive fire-resistant walls and coatings control fires without direct action. Key components of fire-fighting systems are automatic detection systems, sprinklers, standpipes, fire extinguishers, hose reels, fire alarms, smoke control systems, fire command centers, and post-fire smoke purge systems, each playing an important role in fire safety.

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    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    Fire Fighting System


    1 Components of fire-fighting system and its application.
    Fire is caused by the following elements.

    1 Heat (temperature reaching ignition point)

    2 Combusting material (fuel)Combusting material (fuel)

    3 Air

    Fire Extinguishing can be done by

    1 Removing Heat by Cooling i.e., putting water

    2 Removing Air by Smothering / Blanketing i.e., covering

    3 Removing Fuel by Starving (Remove burning material)

    Fact: Human brain without oxygen survive only 4 min. but, Fire extinguishers if oxygen supply stops
    for 2 Sec.

    Causes of fire may be due to

    ✓ Poor housekeeping, Cotton, cloths, papers, etc are the sources of ignition. They should be kept
    away from combusting material like petrol, oil, etc.

    ✓ Careless smoking in non-smoking areas

    ✓ While doing gas welding or oxy-acetylene cutting produces flying sparks which falls on
    inflammable material and fire takes place.

    ✓ Lack of knowledge about the safe methods of storage of inflammable liquids and materials.

    ✓ Kitchen is the most sensible area to get fire in hotels.

    ✓ No material to be stored in electric panel room since a small short circuit will be converted into
    big fire.

    Fire-fighting systems are standard building features that either actively or passively help to control
    the amount of damage that can occur to a building and protect its occupants in the event of a fire. The
    structural integrity of a building can be compromised by extreme heat and a fire reaching critical
    weight-bearing points.

    Civil Engineering Page 1 of 6


    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    Active fire-fighting systems include features such as automatic fire sprinklers and fire alarm systems.
    In general, they work to control the spread of the fire with the action of dispersing water.

    Passive fire systems control fires without taking action by utilizing building compartmentalization
    through the use of fire-resistant walls, doors, and coatings.

    1.1. Automatic Detection of Fire


    The first and most important measure against fire, which
    is slow with smoke without fire and low heat is an exact
    early warning. From life safety point of view, detectors
    are substantially significant because they warn
    occupants close to the source of the fire to run away.

    Smoke sensing fire detector is the most usual detector


    that is used for early warning. Generally, detectors need
    to be connected to continuous power supply and should have a battery as a backup for the case where
    power is failed.

    1.2. Automatic Fire Sprinklers


    One of the most important components of a fire
    protection system is the automatic fire sprinklers.
    Automatic sprinklers respond to fire without human
    intervention. A sprinkler is activated by the heat put up
    by the fire once it reaches a certain temperature at the
    ceiling around that particular sprinkler head.

    These are most effective in the fire’s initial growth stage,


    as they work to spread a continuous flow of water over the fire, ideally dampening it enough to be
    fully put out.

    There are several types of fire sprinklers. Wet Pipe sprinkler systems are filled with water at all times,
    allowing for quick-fire suppression. Dry Sprinkler systems use pressurized air in the pipe which exits
    before water escapes. Pre-Action sprinkler systems are filled with air and water passes through if the
    smoke alarm or detector goes off.

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    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    1.3. Standpipes

    A standpipe is a piping system that delivers water from a main source to hose connections in key
    locations throughout a building and these connections are used by firefighters during fire emergency.

    1.4. Fire extinguisher


    Fire extinguishers are portable devices used to
    extinguish small fires or reduce their destruction before
    firefighters arrive at the scene. These are kept handy at
    places, namely fire points, in buildings, and factories.
    The types and numbers of extinguishers legally required
    for an area are governed by the safety regulations in
    force in that particular area.

    Six types of fire extinguishers are found in the market depending on their contents. They are used for
    different applications.

    Type of fire Extinguishers Category

    1 Water For solid fire

    2 Foam (Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)) For solid and liquid fires

    3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) For solid, liquid, gas, oil, fat and electric fires

    4 Dry chemical powder For solid, liquid, gas, oil, fat and electric fires

    5 Wet chemical For solid, oil and fat fires

    6 Vaporizing liquid For solid, liquid, gas and electric fires

    Civil Engineering Page 3 of 6


    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    Extinguishing agents are kept under pressure in the cylinders using compressed air, gas or chemicals
    that produce gas when initiated by suitable means. Once the safety lock is removed and the trigger or
    handle is squeezed, the contents come out through the extinguisher's nozzle at high pressure.

    1.5. Fire Hose Reel


    A fire hose reel is a first attack piece of fire-fighting
    equipment. It is designed to be used as a quick-response
    method by any member of the general public for fighting fires
    in their early stages. Hose Reels are suitable for Class-A fires:
    Paper, Textiles, Wood, Most Plastics and Rubber. It should
    NOT be used on electrical fires, since water conducts
    electricity.

    Fire Hose Reels are easy to use and provide a virtually unlimited supply of water, as they are
    connected to the mains water supply, and should extend for approximately 35 metres.

    1.6. Fire Alarm Systems

    A fire alarm system monitors the building for the presence of fire, producing audible and visual
    signals if fire is detected. A control unit receives inputs from all fire detection devices, automatic or
    manual, activating the corresponding notification systems

    Automatic alarm systems can detect heat or smoke and emit a high-pitched alarm throughout the
    building. Manual alarms must be pulled by a building’s occupants, and include simple instructions
    on how they can be used.

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    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    1.7. Smoke Control Systems


    The smoke control systems work to limit the spread of smoke through a building, ideally limiting the
    amount of damage the smoke can do to both the building and its occupants.

    The mechanical systems of smoke control include fans, dampers, doors, and shutters that all work
    together to isolate and control the spread of smoke. These are generally installed in the initial
    construction of a building and work in conjunction with sprinkler systems to prevent as much damage
    as possible to the structural integrity of a building.

    1.8. Fire Command Center

    The fire command center is a centralized location that displays the status of various fire protection
    systems like fire detection devices, alarms, communication systems, etc. The command center also
    provides manual controls for many of these systems.

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    Building Planning and Drawing Using CADD – 20CE34P 2021-22

    1.9. Post Fire Smoke Purge

    The post-fire smoke purge involves a series of fans and shutters that help to eliminate the smoke from
    a building and can include automatic ventilation from windows and doors preventing further damage.
    Although the fire has been extinguished, smoke can still cause harm to a building, making it unfit for
    occupancy, so post-fire smoke purge systems are just as vital as other fire protection systems.

    Civil Engineering Page 6 of 6

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