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    Brain Structures and Functions

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    Gaurika Bhalla
    The temporal lobes process auditory and visual information, and damage can affect sound recognition, memory, and comprehension. The occipital lobes contain visual reception areas, and damage can cause blindness or deficits in object recognition and memory of visual images. The parietal lobes contain areas for touch and body position sense, and damage may disrupt these senses and self-perception. The frontal lobes are involved in thinking, problem-solving, attention, and motor control, so damage can affect these functions. The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex, and damage may disrupt arousal, memory, speech, and orientation. The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions and emotions, so damage can alter behaviors like eating and mood. The

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    Brain Structures and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Gaurika Bhalla
    9 views2 pages
    The temporal lobes process auditory and visual information, and damage can affect sound recognition, memory, and comprehension. The occipital lobes contain visual reception areas, and damage can cause blindness or deficits in object recognition and memory of visual images. The parietal lobes contain areas for touch and body position sense, and damage may disrupt these senses and self-perception. The frontal lobes are involved in thinking, problem-solving, attention, and motor control, so damage can affect these functions. The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex, and damage may disrupt arousal, memory, speech, and orientation. The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions and emotions, so damage can alter behaviors like eating and mood. The

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    BRAIN STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

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    The temporal lobes process auditory and visual information, and damage can affect sound recognition, memory, and comprehension. The occipital lobes contain visual reception areas, and damage can cause blindness or deficits in object recognition and memory of visual images. The parietal lobes contain areas for touch and body position sense, and damage may disrupt these senses and self-perception. The frontal lobes are involved in thinking, problem-solving, attention, and motor control, so damage can affect these functions. The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex, and damage may disrupt arousal, memory, speech, and orientation. The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions and emotions, so damage can alter behaviors like eating and mood. The

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views2 pages

    Brain Structures and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Gaurika Bhalla
    The temporal lobes process auditory and visual information, and damage can affect sound recognition, memory, and comprehension. The occipital lobes contain visual reception areas, and damage can cause blindness or deficits in object recognition and memory of visual images. The parietal lobes contain areas for touch and body position sense, and damage may disrupt these senses and self-perception. The frontal lobes are involved in thinking, problem-solving, attention, and motor control, so damage can affect these functions. The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex, and damage may disrupt arousal, memory, speech, and orientation. The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions and emotions, so damage can alter behaviors like eating and mood. The

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    BRAIN STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

    Temporal lobes These lobes contain auditory reception areas as well as certain areas for the
    processing of visual information. Damage to the temporal lobe may affect sound discrimination,
    recognition, and comprehension; music appreciation; voice recognition; and auditory or visual
    memory storage.

    Occipital lobes These lobes contain visual reception areas. Damage to this area could result in
    blindness to all or part of the visual fi eld or defi cits in object recognition, visual scanning, visual
    integration of symbols into wholes, and recall of visual imagery.

    Parietal lobes These lobes contain reception areas for the sense of touch and for the sense of bodily
    position. Damage to this area may result in defi cits in the sense of touch, disorganization, and
    distorted self-perception.

    Frontal lobes These lobes are integrally involved in ordering information and sorting out stimuli.
    Concentration and attention, abstract-thinking ability, concept-formation ability, foresight, problem-
    solving ability, and speech, as well as gross and fi ne motor ability, may be affected by damage to the
    frontal lobes.

    Thalamus The thalamus is a kind of communications relay station for all sensory information
    transmitted to the cerebral cortex. Damage to the thalamus may result in altered states of arousal,
    memory defects, speech deficits, apathy, and disorientation.

    Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of bodily functions such as eating,
    drinking, body temperature, sexual behavior, and emotion. It is sensitive to changes in environment
    that call for a “fight or flight” response from the organism. Damage to it may elicit a variety of
    symptoms ranging from uncontrolled eating or drinking to mild alterations of mood states.

    Cerebellum Together with the pons (another brain site in the area of the brain referred to as the
    hindbrain), the cerebellum is involved in the regulation of balance, breathing, and posture, among
    other functions. Damage to the cerebellum may manifest as problems in fine motor control and
    coordination.

    Reticular formation In the core of the brain stem, the reticular formation contains fibers en route to
    and from the cortex. Because stimulation to this area can cause a sleeping organism to awaken and
    an awake organism to become even more alert, it is sometimes referred to as the reticular activating
    system. Damage to this area can cause the organism to sleep for long periods of time.

    Limbic system Composed of the amygdala, the cingulate cortex, the hippocampus, and the septal
    areas of the brain, the limbic system is integral to the expression of emotions. Damage to this area
    may profoundly affect emotional behavior.

    Spinal cord Many reflexes necessary for survival (such as withdrawing from a hot surface) are carried
    out at the level of the spinal cord. In addition to its role in reflex activity, the spinal cord is integral to
    the coordination of motor movements. Spinal cord injuries may result in various degrees of paralysis
    or other motor difficulties.
    NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS

    acalculia Inability to perform arithmetic calculations acopia Inability to copy geometric designs

    agnosia Deficit in recognizing sensory stimuli (for example, auditory agnosia is diffi culty in
    recognizing auditory stimuli)

    agraphia Deficit in writing ability

    akinesia Deficit in motor movements

    alexia Inability to read

    amnesia Loss of memory

    amusia Deficit in ability to produce or appreciate music

    anomia Deficit associated with finding words to name things

    anopia Deficit in sight

    anosmia Deficit in sense of smell

    aphasia Deficit in communication due to impaired speech or writing ability . Reitan-Indiana Aphasia
    Screening Test (AST), The Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination of Aphasia (NCCEA)

    apraxia Voluntary movement disorder in the absence of paralysis

    ataxia Deficit in motor ability and muscular coordination

    ORGANISITY- By Kurt Goldstein

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