XSO@R K@D@G@M

RIRXCK HIRXVIFSRI

Rdnr Lig`i :

Qcrclb`l``l Ristck Histrifusi Gistrid

HIRSRSL NGCM :

L`k` K`m`sisw` : @gei Ry`mril (309002011=)

Jnsu` Rikfngnl (3092020166)
K`t` Dugi`m : Ristck Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid
Hnscl Qclo`kpu : Hrs. Jnloo` K`lugg`lo, K, Qh.

E@DSGX@R XCDLID
QVNHI QCLHIHID@L XCDLID CGCDXVN
SLIUCVRIX@R LCOCVI KCH@L
KCI 6160
 D@X@ QCLO@LX@V

Quji syudur dit` p`lj`td`l dcm`hir`t Xum`l Y`lo K`m` Cs`, d`rcl` hclo`l r`mk`t
h`l d`ruli`-Ly`
d`ruli`-Ly` scmil
scmiloo`
oo` dit` h`p`t kclycgcs`id`l
kclycgcs`id`l tuo`s rutil K`d`g`m Ristck Histrifusi
Histrifusi
Xcl`o` Gistrid y`lo fcrjuhug ‗Qcrclb`l``l Histrifus Gistrid‛
H`g`k pclycgcs`i`l k`d`g`m ili, pclugis kclh`p`td`l f`ltu`l h`ri fcfcr`p` sukfcr
h`l hud
hudulo
ulo`l
`l h`r
h`rii fcr
fcrf`o
f`o`i
`i pim
pim`d
`d y`l
y`lo
o tcg
tcg`m
`m kck
kckf`l
f`ltu
tu prnscs
prnscs pckfu`
pckfu`t`l
t`l k`d
k`d`g`m
`g`m ili
scmiloo` k`d`g`m ili h`p`t hiscgcs`id`l hclo`l f`id.
D`ki s`h`r h`g`k pckfu`t`l k`d`g`m ili d`ki kcr`s` k`sim f`ly`d dcdur`lo`l-
dcdur`lo`l f`id p`h` pclugis`l k`upul k`tcri. Kcloilo`t dck`kpu`l y`lo d`ki kigidi,
ultud itu dritid h`l s`r`l h`ri scku` pim`d s`lo`t d`ki m`r`pd`l hcki pclyckpurl``l
pckfu`t`l g`pnr`l ili

Kch`l, 21 Kci 6161

Xik Qclugis
 H@EX@V IRI

D@X@ QCLO@LX@V............................
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ii
H@EX@V IRI....................
IRI..........................................
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iii
F@F I......................
I............................................
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QCLH@MSGS@L.........................
QCLH@MSGS@L...............................................
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0.6. Vukus`l K`s`g`m..................
K`s`g`m........................................
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0.2. Xuju`l Qclugis`l..................
Qclugis`l........................................
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.......6
F@F II.......................
II.............................................
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QCKF@M@R@L...........................
QCKF@M@R@L.................................................
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6.6. Qclocgnkpnd`l J`rilo`l Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid........................................
Gistrid...........................................................
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6.2. Dg`sieid`si R`gur`l Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid..................
Gistrid........................................
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6.2.0. Kclurut Lig`i Xco`lo`lly`:...................................
Xco`lo`lly`:.........................................................
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3
6.2.6. Kclurut Fcltud Xco`lo`lly`:...................................
Xco`lo`lly`:.........................................................
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6.2.2. Kclurut Jclis/Xipc Dnlhudtnrly`:..
Dnlhudtnrly`:.........................
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3
6.2.8. Kclurut Rusul`l (Dnleiour`si) R`gur`lly`:................
R`gur`lly`:......................................
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F@F III QCLSXSQ...........
QCLSXSQ.................................
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2.0 Dcsikpug`l................
Dcsikpug`l......................................
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?
2.6 R`r`l.....................
R`r`l...........................................
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H@EX@V QSRX@D@..........
QSRX@D@................................
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iii
 F@F I
QCLH@MSGS@L

0.0.. G`t`r
0.0 G`t`r Fcg`d`lo
Fcg`d`lo
Dcmihu
Dcmihup`l
p`l k`lusi
k`lusi`` hi z`k`l
z`k`l scd`r`l
scd`r`lo
o tih`d
tih`d tcrgcp
tcrgcp`s
`s h`ri
h`ri dcfutu
dcfutum`l
m`l,, f`id
f`id itu

dcfutum`l
dcfutum`l pnd
pndnd
nd h`l dcf
dcfutu
utum`l
m`l t`k
t`kf`m
f`m`l.
`l. F`m
F`md`l
d`l dit
dit`` m`kpir
m`kpir-m`
-m`kpi
kpirr tih`d
tih`d fis
fis``
kckfch`d`l k`l` itu dcfutum`l pndnd h`l dcfutum`l t`kf`m`l, d`rcl` dcfutum`l
t`kf`m`l juo` suh`m hi `loo`p scf`o`i dcfutum`l pndnd. R`g`m s`tu hi `lt`r`ly` `h`g`m
dcfutum`l `d`l Gistrid.
Hi k`s` scd`r`lo
scd`r`lo m`kpir
m`kpir scku` d`g`lo`
d`g`lo`l
l s`lo`t kckfut
kckfutumd`
umd`l
l gistrid
gistrid,, y`lo k`l`
gistrid itu sclhiri hi j`hid`l scf`o`i su`tu s`r`l` y`lo s`lo`t pcltilo hi h`g`k dcmihup`l
k`lusi` hi kud` fuki itu. Ngcm scf`f itu, h`g`k pcly`gur`l tcl`o` gistrid ultud hi
dnlsuksi, `h` scfu`m sistck y`lo hil`k`d`l Ristck Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid.
Ristck Histrifusi
Histrifusi kcrup`d`l
kcrup`d`l f`oi`l h`ri sistck tcl`o` gistrid. Ristck histrifusi
histrifusi ili

fcroul` ultud kcly`gurd`l tcl`o` gistrid h`ri sukfcr h`y` gistrid fcs`r (Fugd Qnwcr
Rnurbc) s`kp`i dc dnlsukcl.
J`hi eulosi histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid `h`g`m:
`. Qckf`oi`l `t`u pcly`gur`l tcl`o` gistrid dc fcfcr`p` tckp`t (pcg`loo`l).
f. Kcr
Kcrup`
up`d`l
d`l suf sist
sistck
ck tcl`o`
tcl`o` gist
gistrid
rid y`lo
y`lo g`losu
g`losulo
lo fcr
fcrmuf
mufulo
ulo`l
`l hclo`l
hclo`l
pcg`loo`l, d`rcl` b`tu h`y` p`h` pus`t-pus`t fcf`l (pcg`loo`l) hig`y`li
g`losulo kcg`gui j`rilo`l histrifusi.
Qcrclb`l``l sistck histrifusi clcroi gistrid kcrup`d`l f`oi`l y`lo budup csclsi`g
h`g`k kclo`t`si pcrtukfum`l dcfutum`l clcroi gistrid y`lo budup pcs`t. Qcrclb`l``l

hipcrgud`l scf`f fcrd`it`l hclo`l tuju`l pclockf`lo`l sistck histrifusi y`lo m`rus
kckclumi fcfcr`p` dritcri` tcdlis h`l cdnlnkis. Qcrclb`l``l sistck histrifusi ili m`rus
hig`dud`l scb`r` sistck`tid hclo`l pclhcd`t`l y`lo hih`s`rd`l p`h` pcr`k`g`l fcf`l
ultud
ultud kck
kckpcr
pcrngc
ngcm
m su`tu
su`tu png`
png` pcg`y`
pcg`y`l`l
l`l y`lo
y`lo nptik`
nptik`g.
g. Qcr
Qcrclb
clb`l`
`l``l
`l y`lo
y`lo sist
sistck`
ck`tid
tid
tcrscfut `d`l hifcrid`l scjukg`m prnpns`g `gtcrl`tie y`lo h`p`t kclod`ji `dif`tly` scb`r`
g`losulo fcrmufulo`l hclo`l `spcd dc`lh`g`l h`l cdnlnkis.
Xuju`l ukuk pcrclb`l``l sistck histrifusi ili `h`g`m ultud kclh`p`td`l su`tu
egcdsifigit`s
egcdsifigit`s pcg`y`l`l nptik`g y`lo k`kpu hcl`l bcp`t kclo`
kclo`ltisip
ltisip`si
`si pcrtukfum
pcrtukfum`l
`l
dcfutum`l clcroi gistrid h`l dcr`p`t`l fcf`l y`lo m`rus hig`y`li. @h`pul e`dtnr-e`dtnr

g`il y`lo h`p`t kclj`hi ilput tcrd`it h`g`k pcrclb`l``l

pcrclb`l``l sistck histrifu
histrifusi
si ili `lt`r` g`il:

0
 png` pclooul``l g`m`l p`h` rcoinl`g tcrtcltu, e`dtnr cdngnoi h`l e`dtnr ocnor`ei.
Qcrclb`l``l sistck histrifusi hikug`i h`ri dnlsukcl. Qng` dcfutum`l, tipc h`l e`dtnr
fcf`l h`l d`r`dtcristid fcf`l y`lo hig`y`li `d`l kclcltud`l tipc sistck histrifusi y`lo
`d`l hip`d`i. Dcgnkpnd-dcgnkpnd fcf`l tcrscfut `d`l hig`y`li ngcm j`rilo`l scdulhcr.
Rc
Rcdc
dcgn
gnkp
kpnd
nd j`
j`ri
rilo
lo`l
`l scdu
scdulh
lhcr
cr il
ilii `d
`d`l
`l hi
hig`
g`y`
y`li
li ng
ngcm
cm tr
tr`en
`en-tr
-tr`en
`en hi
histr
strif
ifus
usii y`
y`lo
lo
scg`ljutly` scjukg`m tr`en ili `d`l kckfcrid`l o`kf`r`l pckfcf`l`l p`h` j`rilo`l
prikcr. J`rilo`l histrifusi ili `d`l kclh`p`t k`sud`l clcroi h`ri tr`en-tr`en o`rhu ilhud.
Ristck fcf`l p`h` j`rilo`l histrifusi ili `d`l kclcltud`l pug` gilt`s`l h`l d`p`sit`s
s`gur`l histrifusi. Hclo`l hckidi`l scti`p g`lod`m prnscs pcrclb`l``l sistck histrifusi
kcrup`d`l ilput f`oi g`lod`m prnscs scg`ljutly`.

0.6. Vukus`l K`s`g`m

@h`pul pcrukus`l k`s`g`m h`g`k pclugis`l k`d`g`m ili `h`g`m scf`o`i fcridut:
0. @p
@p`` it
itu
u Ri
Ristc
stck
k Hi
Hist
stri
rifu
fusi>
si>
6. @p` s`
s`j`
j` Qclocgnk
Qclocgnkpnd`l
pnd`l J`rilo
J`rilo`l
`l His
Histrifu
trifusi
si Xcl`o`
Xcl`o` Gi
Gistrid>
strid>
`

0.2. Xuju`l Qclugis`l

Xuju`l pclugis`l K`d`g`m ili `h`g`m scf`o`i fcridut:

0) @o`r pclugis
pclugis h`
h`l
l pckf`b`
pckf`b` fis` kc
kclocrt
locrtii h`l kck`m`ki
kck`m`ki dnlscp
dnlscp h
h`s`r
`s`r Ristc
Ristck
k
Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid.
6) @o`r pclugis
pclugis h`l pckf`
pckf`b`
b` kcloct
kcloct`mui
`mui Qclo
Qclocgnkp
cgnkpnd`l
nd`l J`rilo`l
J`rilo`l Histrifusi
Histrifusi Xcl
Xcl`o`
`o`
Gistrid.

6
 F@F II
QCKF@M@R@L

6.0.. Qclocrti
6.0 Qclocrti`l
`l
Ristck Histrifusi kcrup`d`l f`oi`l h`ri sistck tcl`o` gistrid. Ristck histrifusi ili

fcroul` ultud kcly`gurd`l tcl`o` gistrid h`ri sukfcr h`y` gistrid fcs`r ( Fugd Qnwcr
Rnurbc)) s`kp`i dc dnlsukcl. J`hi eulosi histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid `h`g`m4 0) pckf`oi`l
Rnurbc
`t`u pcly`gur`l
pcly`gur`l tcl`o`
tcl`o` gistrid dc fcfcr`p`
fcfcr`p` tckp`t
tckp`t (pcg`l
(pcg`loo`l)
oo`l),, h`l 6) kcrup
kcrup`d`l
`d`l suf
sistck tcl`o` gistrid y`lo g`losulo
g`losulo fcrmu
fcrmufulo
fulo`l
`l hclo`l
hclo`l pcg`l
pcg`loo`l,
oo`l, d`rcl` b`tu h`y`
p`h` pus`t-pus`t fcf`l (pcg`loo`l) hig`y`li g`losulo kcg`gui j`rilo`l histrifusi.
Xcl`o` gistrid y`lo him`sigd`l ngcm pckf`lodit tcl`o` gistrid fcs`r hclo`l tco`lo`l
h`ri
h`ri 00 dU s`kp
s`kp`i
`i 68 dU hi
hil`
l`id
idd`
d`l
l tc
tco`
o`lo
lo`l
`lly
ly`` ng
ngcm
cm o`rh
o`rhu
u il
ilhu
hud
d hclo
hclo`l
`l
tr`lsenrk`tnr pcl`id tco`lo`l kclj`hi ?1 dU ,038dU, 661dU `t`u 311dU dckuhi`l
his`
his`gu
gurd
rd`l
`l kc
kcg`
g`gu
guii s`gur
s`gur`l
`l tr`
tr`ls
lski
kisi.
si. Xu
Xuju
ju`l
`l kc
kcl`
l`id
idd`
d`l
l tc
tco`
o`lo
lo`l
`l i`
i`g`m
g`m ultu
ultud
d

kckpcr
kckpcrdcbi
dcbigg dcr
dcruoi
uoi`l
`l h`y`
h`y` gist
gistrid
rid p`h
p`h`` s`gu
s`gur`l
r`l tr`lsk
tr`lskisi
isi,, hik`l`
hik`l` h`g
h`g`k
`k m`g ili
dcruoi`l h`y` `h`g`m scf`lhilo hclo`l du`hr`t `rus y`lo kclo`gir (I6.V). Hclo`l
h`y` y`lo s`k` fig` lig`i tco`lo`lly` hipcrfcs`r, k`d` `rus y`lo kclo`gir sck`dil
dcbig scmiloo` dcruoi`l h`y` juo` `d`l dcbig pug`. H`ri s`gur`l tr`lskisi, tco`lo`l
hituruld`l g`oi kclj`hi 61 dU hclo`l tr`lsenrk`tnr pclurul tco`lo`l p`h` o`rhu
ilhud histrifusi, dckuhi`l hclo`l sistck tco`lo`l tcrscfut pcly`gur`l tcl`o` gistrid
hig`dud`l ngcm s`gur`l histrifusi prikcr. H`ri s`gur`l histrifusi prikcr ilig`m o`rhu-
o`rhu
o`rhu his
histri
trifus
fusii kclo`k
kclo`kfig
fig tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l ultud
ultud hit
hituru
uruld`
ld`l
l tco`lo
tco`lo`ll
`lly`
y` hclo`l
hclo`l tr`en
tr`en
histrifusi kclj`hi sistck tco`lo`l rclh`m, y`itu 661/2=1Ungt. Rcg`ljutly` his`gurd`l

ngcm
ngcm s`gur`
s`gur`l
l his
histri
trifus
fusii scdulh
scdulhcr
cr dc dnl
dnlsuk
sukcl-d
cl-dnl
nlsuk
sukcl.
cl. Hclo`l
Hclo`l ili jcg
jcg`s
`s f`mw`
f`mw`
sistck histrifusi kcrup`d`l f`oi`l y`lo pcltilo h`g`k systck tcl`o` gistrid scb`r`
dcscgurum`l.
Q`h`` sistck
Q`h sistck pcl
pcly`g
y`gur`
ur`l
l h`y`
h`y` j`r
j`r`d
`d j`um,
j`um, scg`
scg`gu
gu hio
hioul`
ul`d`l
d`l tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l sctiloo
sctilooii
kulodil, hclo`l kclooul`d`l tr`en-tr`en stcp-up. Lig`i tco`lo`l y`lo s`lo`t tilooi
ili (MU,SMU,CMU) kclikfugd`l fcfcr`p` dnlscduclsi `lt`r` g`il: fcrf`m`y` f`oi
gilodulo`l h`l k`m`gly` m`ro` pcrgclod`p`l-pcrgclod`p`lly`, scg`il kclj`hi tih`d
bnbnd hclo`l lig`i tco`lo`l y`lo hifutumd`l p`h` sisi fcf`l. K`d`, p`h` h`cr`m-
h`cr`m
h`cr`m pus
pus`t
`t fcf`l
fcf`l tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l s`gur`l
s`gur`l y`l
y`lo
o til
tilooi
ooi ili hituru
hituruld`
ld`l
l dckf`g
dckf`gii hclo`l
hclo`l

kclooul`d`l tr`en-tr`en stcp-hnwl. @dif`tly`, fig` hitilj`u lig`i tco`lo`lly`, k`d`

2
 kug`i h`ri titid sukfcr miloo` hi titid fcf`l, tcrh`p`t f`oi`l-f`oi`l s`gur`l y`lo
kckigidi lig`i tco`lo`l fcrfch`-fch`.

6.6. Qclocgnkpnd`l J`rilo`l Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid

Sltud dckuh`m`l h`l pclychcrm`l``l, g`gu hi`h`d`l pckf`oi`l scrt`

pckf`t`s`l-pckf`t`s`l scf`o`i fcridut:
 H`cr`m I : F`oi`l pckf`lodit`l (Oclcr`tinl
(Oclcr`tinl))

 H`cr`m II : F`oi`l pcly`gur`l (Xr`lskissinl

Xr`lskissinl)) , fcrtco`lo`l tilooi
(MU,SMU,CMU)
 H`cr`m III : F`oi`l Histrifusi Qrikcr, fcrtco`lo`l kclclo`m (5 `t`u 61dU).
 H`cr`m IU : (Hi h`g`k f`loul`l p`h` fcf`l/dnlsukcl), Ilst`g`si, fcrtco`lo`l
rclh`m
Fcrh`s
Fcrh`s`rd
`rd`l
`l pckf`t
pckf`t`s`l
`s`l-pck
-pckf`t
f`t`s`l
`s`l tcrs
tcrscfu
cfut,
t, k`d
k`d`` hid
hidct`
ct`mui
mui f`mw`
f`mw` pnr
pnrsi
si
k`tc
k`tcri
ri Ristc
Ristck
k Hi
Hist
strif
rifus
usii `h
`h`g
`g`m
`m H`
H`cr`
cr`m
m III
III h`
h`l
l IU
IU,, y`lo
y`lo p`h`
p`h` h`
h`s`r
s`rly
ly`` h`
h`p`
p`tt
hidcg`
hidcg`siei
sieid`si
d`sid`l
d`l kcluru
kclurutt fcfcr`
fcfcr`p`
p` b`r`,
b`r`, fcr
fcro`l
o`ltul
tulo
o h`r
h`rii scoi
scoi `p` dcg
dcg`sie
`sieid`
id`si
si itu
hifu`t. Hclo`l hckidi`l ru`lo gilodup J`rilo`l Histrifusi `h`g`m:
0. RSXK (R`gur`l
(R`gur`l Sh`r
Sh`r`` Xco`lo`
Xco`lo`l
l Kclclo`m
Kclclo`m),
), tcrhiri h`ri : Xi`lo h`l pcr`
pcr`g`t`l
g`t`l
dcgclo
dcgclod`p
d`p`ll
`lly`,
y`, dnl
dnlhud
hudtnr
tnr h`l pcr
pcr`g`
`g`t`l
t`l pcr-gc
pcr-gclod
lod`p`
`p`lly
lly`,
`, scrt
scrt`` pcr
pcr`g`
`g`t`l
t`l
pclo`k`l h`l pckutus.
6. RDXK (R`gur`l
(R`gur`l D`fcg Xco`lo`l
Xco`lo`l Kclcl
Kclclo`m),
o`m),,, tcrhiri h`ri : D`fcg t`l`m, ilhnnr
ilhnnr
h`l nuthnnr tcrkil`tinl, f`tu f`t`, p`sir h`l g`il-g`il.
2. O`rhu tr`en, tcrhiri h`ri : Xr`lsenrk`tnr, ti`lo, pnlh`si ti`lo,
ti`lo, r`lod` tckp`t tr`en,
GU p`lc
p`lcg,
g, pi
pip`
p`-p
-pip
ip`` pcgi
pcgilh
lhul
ulo,
o, @rrcstcr, d`f
`fccg-d
-d``fcg
cg,, tr`
tr`lse
lsenrk
nrkcr
cr f`lh
f`lh,
pcr`g`t`l ornulhilo, h`l g`il-g`il.
8. RSXV (R`gur`l
(R`gur`l Sh`r` Xco
Xco`lo`l
`lo`l Vclh
Vclh`m)
`m) h`l RDXV (R`gu
(R`gur`l
r`l D`fcg Xco`lo`l
Xco`lo`l
Vclh`m
Vclh`m),
), tcrhiri
tcrhiri h`r
h`ri:
i: s`k`
s`k` hcl
hclo`l
o`l pcrgcl
pcrgclod`
od`p`l
p`l// k`tcri`
k`tcri`gg p`h`
p`h` RSX
RSXK
K h`l
RDXK y`lo kckfch`d`l m`ly` hikclsily`.

8
6.2. Dg`sieid`si R`gur`l Histrifusi Xcl`o` Gistrid

Rcb`r` ukuk, s`gur`l tcl`o` Gistrid `t`u s`gur`l histrifusi h`p`t hidg`sieid`sid`l
scf`o`i fcridut:

6.2.0. Kclurut Lig`i Xco`lo`lly`:

Dg`sieid`si s`gur`l histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid kclurut lig`i tco`lo`lly`

hifch`d`l kclj`hi hu` y`itu s`gur`l histrifusi prikcr h`l s`gur`l histrifusi
scdulhcr
0. R`
R`gu
gur`l
r`l Hist
Histri
rifu
fusi
si Qrik
Qrikcr.
cr.
Xcrgct`d p`h` sisi prikcr tr`en histrifusi, y`itu `lt`r` titid Rcdulhcr tr`en
sufst`tinl (O.I.) hclo`l titid prikcr tr`en histrifusi. R`gur`l ili fcrtco`lo`l
kclclo`m 61dU. J`rilo`l gistrid ?1 dU `t`u 031 dU, jid` g`losulo kcg`y`li
pcg`loo`l fis` hiscfut j`rilo`l histrifusi.

6. R`gur`
R`gur`l
l Histrif
Histrifusi
usi Rcdulh
Rcdulhcr.
cr.

Xcrgct`d p`h` sisi scdulhcr tr`en histrifusi, y`itu `lt`r` titid scdulhcr hclo`l
titid b`f`lo kcluju fcf`l.

6.2.6. Kclurut Fcltud Xco`lo`lly`:

Fcridut ili `h`g`m fcfcr`p` fcltud tco`lo`l s`gur`l histrifusi tcl`o`

gistrid:
0. R`g
R`gur`
ur`l
l Histri
Histrifus
fusii HB (Hircbt Burrclt) kclooul`d`l sistck tco`lo`l sc`r`m.
6. R`g
R`gur`
ur`l
l Histri
Histrifus
fusii @B (@gtcrl`tilo Burrclt) kclooul`d`l systck tco`lo`l
fng`d-f`gid.

6.2.2. Kclurut Jclis/Xipc Dnlhudtnrly`:

Fcridut ili `h`g`m fcfcr`p` jclis/tipc dnlhudtnr s`gur`l histrifusi tcl`o`

gistrid:
0. R`gur`l uh`r`, hip`s`lo p`h` uh`r` tcrfud` hclo`l f`ltu
f`ltu`l
`l suppnrt (ti`lo)

6. R`gur`l F`w`m X`l`m, hip`s`lo hi h`g`k t`l`m, hclo`l kcloo

kclooul`d`l
ul`d`l d`fcg
t`l`m (ornulh b`fgc).
b`fgc).
2. R`gur
R`gur`l
`l F`w`m G`ut, hip
hip`s`lo
`s`lo hi h`s`r g`ut hclo
hclo`l
`l kclooul`d`l
kclooul`d`l d`fc
d`fcgg g`ut
(sufk`rilc b`fgc)
b`fgc)

3
6.2.8. Kclurut Rusul`l (Dnleiour`si) R`gur`lly`:

Fcridut ili `h`g`m fcfcr`p` bnltnm susul`l (dnleiour`si) s`gur`l histrifusi

tcl`o` gistrid:
0. R`gur
R`gur`l
`l D
Dnleio
nleiour`si
ur`si mnrisn
mnrisnlt`g:
lt`g:
Fig` s`gur`l e`s` tcrm`h`p e`s` y`lo g`il/tcrm`h`p lctr`g, `t`u s`gur`l pnsitie
tcrm`h`p lco`tie (p`h` sistck HB) kckfcltud o`ris mnrisnlt`g.
6. R`gur
R`gur`l
`l Dnlei
Dnleiour`si
our`si Ucrtid
Ucrtid`g:
`g:
Fig` s`gur`l-s`gur`l tcrscfut kckfcltud o`ris vcrtid`g
2. R`g
R`gur`
ur`l
l Dnleiou
Dnleiour`si
r`si Hcgt`:
Hcgt`:
Fig` dchuhud`l s`gur`l s`tu s`k` g`il kckfcltud su`tu scoitio` (hcgt`).

5
 F@F III

QCLSXSQ

2.0 Dcsikpug`l

Ristck Histrifusi kcrup`d`l f`oi`l h`ri sistck tcl`o` gistrid. Ristck histrifusi ili

fcroul` ultud kcly`gurd`l tcl`o` gistrid h`ri sukfcr h`y` gistrid fcs`r (Fugd Qnwcr
Rnurbc) s`kp`i dc dnlsukcl, scpcrti hijcg`sd`l p`h` `rtidcg scfcgukly` hi sili.
J`hi eulosi histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid `h`g`m:
0) pckf`oi`l
pckf`oi`l `t`u pcly`gu
pcly`gur`l
r`l tcl`o
tcl`o`` gistrid dc fcf
fcfcr`p`
cr`p` tck
tckp`t
p`t (pcg`l
(pcg`loo`l)
oo`l)..
6) kcrup`d`l
kcrup`d`l suf sistck
sistck tcl`o` gist
gistrid
rid y`lo g`losulo
g`losulo fcrmuf
fcrmufulo`
ulo`l
l hclo`l pc
pcg`loo
g`loo`l,
`l,
d`rcl`
d`rcl` b`t
b`tu
u h`y
h`y`` p`h
p`h`` pus
pus`t-p
`t-pus`t
us`t fcf`l
fcf`l (pcg`l
(pcg`loo`
oo`l)
l) hig`y`
hig`y`li
li g`l
g`losu
osulo
lo kcg
kcg`gu
`guii
j`rilo`l histrifusi.
Xcl`o` gistrid y`lo him`sigd`l ngcm pckf`lodit gistrid fcs`r hclo`l tco`lo`l h`ri
00 dU s`kp`i 68 dU hil`id`l tco`lo`lly` ngcm o`rhu ilhud hclo`l tr`lsenrk`tnr pcl`id

tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l kclj`h
kclj`hii ?1 dU ,038d
,038dU,
U, 661
661dU
dU `t`u 31
311dU
1dU dckuhi
dckuhi`l
`l his`gu
his`gurd`
rd`l
l kcg
kcg`gui
`gui
s`gur`l tr`lskisi. Xuju`l kcl`idd`l tco`lo`l i`g`m ultud kckpcrdcbig dcruoi`l h`y`
gistrid p`h` s`gur`l tr`lskisi, hik`l` h`g`k m`g ili dcruoi`l h`y` `h`g`m scf`lhilo
hclo`l du`hr`t `rus y`lo kclo`gir (I dw`hr`t V). Hclo`l h`y` y`lo s`k` fig` lig`i
tco`lo`lly` hipcrfcs`r, k`d` `rus y`lo kclo`gir sck`dil dcbig scmiloo` dcruoi`l h`y`
juo` `d`l dcbig pug`.
H`ri
H`ri s`gu
s`gur`
r`l
l tr
tr`l
`lsk
skis
isi,
i, tc
tco`
o`lo
lo`l
`l hi
hitu
turu
ruld
ld`l
`l g`
g`oi
oi kc
kclj
lj`h
`hii 61 dU hclo
hclo`l
`l
tr`lsenrk`tnr pclurul tco`lo`l p`h` o`rhu ilhud histrifusi, dckuhi`l hclo`l sistck
tco`lo`l tcrscfut pcly`gur`l tcl`o` gistrid hig`dud`l ngcm s`gur`l histrifusi prikcr. H`ri

s`gur`l
s`gur`l his
histri
trifus
fusii prikcr
prikcr ilig`m
ilig`m o`r
o`rhu-
hu-o`r
o`rhu
hu his
histrif
trifusi
usi kclo`k
kclo`kfig
fig tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l ultud
ultud
hituruld`l tco`lo`lly` hclo`l tr`en histrifusi kclj`hi sistck tco`lo`l rclh`m, y`itu
661/2=1
661/2=1 Ungt.
Ungt. Rcg`ljutly
Rcg`ljutly`` his`gurd`l
his`gurd`l ngcm s`gur`l histrifusi
histrifusi scdul
scdulhcr
hcr dc dnlsu
dnlsukcl-
kcl-
dnlsukcl. Hclo`l ili jcg`s f`mw` sistck histrifusi kcrup`d`l f`oi`l y`lo pcltilo
h`g`k sistck tcl`o` gistrid scb`r` dcscgurum`l.
Q`h`` sistck
Q`h sistck pcl
pcly`g
y`gur`
ur`l
l h`y`
h`y` j`r
j`r`d
`d j`um,
j`um, scg`
scg`gu
gu hio
hioul`
ul`d`l
d`l tco`lo
tco`lo`l
`l sctiloo
sctilooii
kulodil, hclo`l kclooul`d`l tr`en-tr`en stcp-up. Lig`i tco`lo`l y`lo s`lo`t tilooi ili
(MU,SM
(MU,SMU,C
U,CMU)
MU) kclikf
kclikfugd
ugd`l
`l fcf
fcfcr`
cr`p`
p` dnl
dnlscd
scducl
uclsi
si `lt
`lt`r`
`r` g`i
g`il:
l: fcrf`m
fcrf`m`y`
`y` f`o
f`oii
gilodulo`l
gilodulo`l h`l k`m`g
k`m`gly`
ly` m`ro` pcrgcl
pcrgclod`p`
od`p`l-pcrgc
l-pcrgclod`p
lod`p`lly`
`lly`,, scg`il kclj`hi
kclj`hi tih`d

bnbnd hclo`l lig`i tco`lo`l y`lo hifutumd`l p`h` sisi fcf`l. K`d`, p`h` h`cr`m-h`cr`m

?
pus`t fcf`l tco`lo`l s`gur`l y`lo tilooi ili hituruld`l dckf`gi hclo`l kclooul`d`l
tr`en-tr`en stcp-hnwl. @dif`tly`, fig` hitilj`u lig`i tco`lo`lly`, k`d` kug`i h`ri titid

sukfcr miloo` hi titid fcf`l, tcrh`p`t f`oi`l-f`oi`l s`gur`l y`lo kckigidi lig`i
tco`lo`l fcrfch`-fch`.

2.6 R`r`l
@h`pul s`r`l y`lo h`p`t his`kp`id`l y`itu:
2) @o`r dit`
dit` fis` kclocrt
kclocrtii h`l kcloikpg
kcloikpgckclt`
ckclt`sid`l
sid`l pcloct`
pcloct`mu`l
mu`l dit`
dit` h`g`k
dcmihup`l scm`ri-m`ri dmususly` h`g`k fih`lo sistck histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid.
8) @o`r dit`
dit` fis` kclc
kclcr`pd`l
r`pd`l pc
pcloct`m
loct`mu`l
u`l y`lo hikigid
hikigidii ultud dcpcrgu
dcpcrgu`l
`l hi
k`sy`r`d`t y`lo kcly`lodut hclo`l sistck histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid.
3) Fcrus`m`
Fcrus`m` ultud
ultud kcloc
kclockf`lo
kf`lod`l
d`l pclo
pcloct`mu
ct`mu`l
`l dit` dmususly
dmususly`` h`g`k fih`lo
fih`lo
sistck histrifusi tcl`o` gistrid

=
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