Rma Chapter 1 5 2023

A Thesis Proposal:
Department of Architecture
National College of Science and Technology
Dasmariñas City, Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment of
Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
“A PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN
PLAZA OF GENERAL TRIAS CITY CAVITE”
Salvador, Rosa Mae S.
BS ARCHITECTURE 41A1
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A city with great public spaces brings people to be connected, improves
community health, and gives outdoor performances. A functional public space
enhances people’s quality of life and increases productivity.
Public space should have the features of sociability, uses, and activities,
comfort and image, and access and linkages. Sociability is important to general well-
being because a strong network of support boosts one’s self for both social and
physical health. This feature makes the public space lively, interactive and encourages
other people to be with them. It is an intangible thing that will turn into memories for
everyone. Activities should always be present since that will be the first step to make
the people stay in the area and be interested in it. Making fun and enjoyable activities
and amenities encourages people to participate to do some activities especially when
there’s an event. More people will interact and enjoy themselves while maintaining a
healthy body if a public space has more activities.
Comfort and image are about having a safe, clean, walkable, and interactive
area. A beautiful landscape, harmless environment, comfortable areas to stay and
historic knowledge makes the visitor to be interested and relaxed at their own pace.
Also providing clean comfort rooms is a must for the public space to make them stay
longer and even if your intention is just to use the comfort room and not to go to the
public space or plaza, at some point you will make the user stay a little longer to enjoy
the view and be mesmerize of how beautiful the nature is. This will make the people
go back again since there’s no hindrance while they are enjoying their stay. Access
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and linkages should always have easy access to every part of the road, pedestrian,
and transit usage. Conveniently is what people always look for and having adequate
entrances near roads, pedestrian and parking areas. All of these features must be
present to build a functional public area that serves citizens of all ages.
According to Ghisleni (2022), In theory, urban planning is a process of
elaborating solutions that aim both to improve or requalify an existing urban area, as
well as to create a new urbanization in a given region. As a discipline and as a method
of action, urban planning deals with the processes of production, structuring and
appropriation of urban space. In this sense, its main objective is to point out what
measures should be taken to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, including
matters such as transport, security, access opportunities and even interaction with the
natural environment.
This study explains how can an urban area be improved and to use its potential
to be useful for the benefit of the place and people. Different design problems may
come up with different architectural solutions with the help of architectural rules and
requirements.
A plaza represents the community’s identity that gathers people for special
events and regular social interaction. It can also attract new businesses and
companies by attracting tourists and locals which is good for the city’s economy since
it attracts social and economic interaction.
A successful public space brings the place lively and attracts people to be
interested in other structures that the city has. The space may input public art,
recreation and leisure areas that make the visitors enjoy their time while spending their
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time and creating social relations to each other. A plaza should be flexible enough to
accommodate a variety of events and activities, catering to a wide range of people.
Background of the Study
An urban planner, Amanda Burden, analyzes every part of public space and
states that the city should be fundamental to people. By making it fundamental, a
planner should consider how it will work, what makes it special or gives it an edge over
its old image, how sure they are that people will enjoy staying there, and how it will be
a successful public space. Amanda answered it all by giving all of her ideas and hard
work. She analyzed the situation of the site and also the city to know what possible
changes would be beneficial to the citizens. She conducted extensive observation and
research to understand the daily lives of the citizens living there and how tourists would
enjoy their stay there.
A well-functioning public space provides safety, comfort, productivity,
accessibility to roads and major highways, and good public transportation. They
should promote healthy lifestyles and provide citizens with their long-term basic needs.
Anything visible in a public space should benefit its users, as these spaces are
designed to give them the best possible experience and benefit the city.
According to Pacheco (2017), Public areas shape community ties in
neighborhoods. They are environments for interaction and exchange of ideas that
impact the quality of the urban environment. Public spaces also present health
benefits, both physical and mental: people feel better and tend to be more active in
attractive, public spaces. A good public space reflects diversity and encourages
people to live together effortlessly, creating the necessary conditions for permanence,
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which invites people to be on the street. It is the vitality of spaces that attracts people.
What guarantees this vitality is the possibility of enjoying urban spaces in various
ways.
This study shows how important for a city to have a good public space, citizens
who live in a well-planned public space gives a good connection to people who also
live there, making their life to be more productive just by sitting there and doing a task
or just passing by and release their stress while seeing the scenery, adequate public
space for the citizen within the city and also for the tourist, and having a good time
while staying there.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The General Trias town plaza doesn’t look aesthetically pleasing and doesn’t
maximize its area to spend time in its location. The place doesn’t encourage users to
stay there any longer since there's nothing to enjoy there. It’s not a well-functional
public space and didn’t reach the needs of its citizen. It is the highlight of the Municipal
City yet you cannot use it properly since it lacks features of good public space. The
existing place lacks often space, comfort, and safety for the users. You cannot spend
your time in the plaza during the daytime since it is really hot to stay there and the air
is polluted because of the improper parking of the employees nearby the area.
Giving them a public space where they can enjoy their stay in a good
environment and make their day the most out of it is a successful public space. This
study focuses on redesigning a public space that will consider all the factors that are
needed to make a functional public space for people and to improve the city's image.
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All of the features that a good public space will be improved and give adequate spaces
for users. This research seeks to find the solutions to the following problems:
1. The existing plaza doesn’t have enough green spaces, that’s why users
can’t hang around during the daytime.
2. The plaza lacks an adequate parking area, making it more dangerous
as drivers are forced to park their cars beside the plaza, creating a
potential hazard due to the lack of separation of the parking area from
people.
3. The existing chairs in the plaza are made of concrete, making them
uncomfortable to sit on. There are no recreational amenities to enjoy,
and no bike lanes or bike racks are provided for cyclists. Additionally,
the current restroom is not accessible for people with disabilities, further
limiting the plaza's usability.
4. The existing ramps didn’t follow the standard of bp 344. The plaza's
pavement is not an ideal choice, as it is too rough and the glaring sun
reflects off of surfaces, causing a discomforting strain on the eyes.
5. the polluted air can easily pass through the plaza making it hazardous
for those who inhabit it to breathe.
6. The lack of activities, amenities, and landscape makes the plaza appear
unwelcoming.
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1.2 Objectives of the Study
The researcher aims to provide a well-functional public space for the citizen of
General Trias Cavite. This study will consider all the design considerations that are
needed to improve the existing plaza. The researcher will widen the information, and
ideas to work out all of it in this project. An extensive observation will be a must in this
project since everyone in the city and outside of the city will see and visit it. All of the
factors should be countable and reasonable with its architectural approach. This
research provides design solutions such as:
1. To provide a public space with a good and relaxing ambiance with the
use of landscape, more green spaces, and comfortable benches.
2. Providing onsite parking is an effective way to ensure the safety of
citizens.
3. To ensure the needs of citizens, bike lanes, and racks, comfortable
tables and chairs, public restrooms for all, an outdoor gym, and a leisure
area should be provided. These will not only promote a healthy lifestyle
but also draw more people to the plaza.
4. To provide public space that follows architectural laws and rules
specifically bp 344
5. To ensure the safety and well-being of the citizens, the plaza can
reduce air pollution by providing trees and shrubs that surround the area
to act as a natural filter for the polluted air from passing vehicles. These
will not only help to purify the air but also create a more pleasant and
inviting atmosphere for those who visit the plaza.
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6. Enhancing the visual appeal and functionality of the plaza encourages
people to spend time there and feel comfortable taking their time. It also
draws in tourists when a public space looks inviting and welcoming.
1.3 Scope and delimitation of the study
This study will only focus on improving the existing plaza of General Trias to
give a functional public space for the users. The TED Talk of Amanda Burden will be
used as supporting data to help the researcher to make a well-functioned public space
and will includes architectural laws and will follow standard sizes to enhance the plan
of existing public space.
This term paper consist introduction, background of the study, statement of the
problem, objectives of the study, scope and delimitation, significance of the study,
definitions and references. The researcher is not required to submit architectural plans
and conduct data to support this study.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study examined the needs of people and the city when creating a public
place. The architectural solutions, considerations and rules will be followed to make a
well functioned public space for the people who will visit and spend their time in this
place. This study will be beneficial to the following:
• Citizen. This study will provide the user with a well-functional public space that
will give them connections to one another with the help of leisure activities,
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improve community health with an outdoor gym and create environmental
benefits.
• Architecture students. This study will give architectural solutions and ways
to students who need information about public spaces.
• Researcher. This study provides information on what is a public space and
how can help the place make it better and more functional.
• Future researcher. This study provides information, references, ideas, and
concepts about public spaces.
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CHAPTER II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Review of Related Studies
A. 1. Local Studies
A. 1. 1 Plaza Independencia of Cebu City
Plaza independencia (Independence Plaza) is a Spanish-era plaza in Cebu City
located in M.J. Cuenco Avenue and Legaspi Extension, Barangay San Roque, Cebu
City. The plaza reminisces and honors the bravery of every Filipino who participated
in World War II in its Veteran’s Memorial monument. It represents the province's
freedom and independence from its conquerors. Aside from sightseeing, picture
taking, and a place to relax, there are a lot of activities such as jogging, daytime picnic,
and leisure activities.
Plaza Independencia is one of the most significant sites in the history of Cebu.
It is a symbol of independence and freedom from all the conquerors that tried to take
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over the island of Cebu. Its century old trees are witnesses to what the plaza/park had
been through during the colonial days.
The changes of its name emulated its role in the history of Cebu. The park was
called Plaza de Armas in the early 1600 and served as a public square used as military
training and parade grounds. It later had its expansion to reach nearby properties of
the Cathedral of Cebu and was called Plaza Mayor. During the Spanish era, its name
was changed to Plaza Maria Cristina in honor of the prevailing queen. Its name was
changed again to Plaza Libertad during the American Colonial Period to acknowledge
the liberty from the Spanish rule. When all the colonizers left the country and the land
has attained its true freedom, it finally had its name Plaza Independencia.
In 2006, when a tunnel connecting Cebu City to South Road Properties (SRP)
was under construction, pre-hispanic human bones and some earthenwares were
uncovered during the excavation.
Plaza Independencia is a great public space that has lots of activities to do. It
has lots of green spaces that make it more relaxing, and the trees also contribute to
the area's acoustics by reducing noise absorption through its leaves due to its dynamic
surface area. The trees will filter the polluted air from the vehicles.
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Based on the researcher’s observation, the researcher noticed some of the
architectural designs that a plaza must have. They have used a great pavement where
the sunlight will not reflect on it which may cause harm to the eyes, and aside from
that, it is not slippery since accidents may always occur on slippery tile, especially
when raining. However, the pavement on the ramp at its entrance has a lot of bumps
that may cause accidents.
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The pocket garden has a railing with a gate that covers the green spaces that
separate the plaza and garden from the pedestrian so people in the park will not be
disturbed that is a great idea that will lessen the traffic. There are clearances at its
entrance hence the area will only be for those who want to enter the garden. Also, the
green spaces act as drainage when raining.
They have included pole barriers in every corner of the area that protects areas
from prohibited access, and at the side of the road, there is a bike rack for bikers.
However, the researcher noticed that there are no bike lanes in the plaza. The city hall
has parking spaces and didn't use the plaza as parking spaces. The only thing that
lacks in this plaza is the benches and tactile for the person with disability. The great
thing that they have is that you are remembering and learning the history of Cebu while
walking.
A. 1. 2 Plaza Libertad of Iloilo City
Plaza Libertad is a historic urban park in Iloilo City, Philippines. It is located on
the intersection of J.M. Basa, De la Rama, and Zamora Streets in City Proper, Iloilo
City. The plaza has a symbolism of hope, rebuilding of lives and of moving forward of
ilonggo’s. In March 2022, the plaza has been on its redevelopment to improve the
landscaping, trees, facilities, lighting system, drainage system and any other
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improvements that is needed. Providing a public space that is a safe environment,
sustainable, accessible, and promoting healthy urban living.
Plaza Alfonso XII, named after a king of Spain, was constructed in the 1800s
and is one of the oldest plazas in the Philippines. It was surrounded by most of the
government offices in Iloilo.
On Christmas Day of 1898, Governor-General Diego de los Ríos of Spain
surrendered to the Filipino revolutionary troops led by General Martin Delgado in the
Plaza, thus ending the 333-hundred-year-old Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
After which, the triumphant revolutionaries for the first time raised the flag of the First
Philippine Republic in Iloilo City, the last bastion of Spanish power in the country. It
was later renamed to Plaza Libertad to reflect the event that happened on the plaza.
On November 17, 2003, the National Historical Institute declared Plaza Libertad
as a national historical landmark.
The researcher provides observations and did some research on the things that
this plaza has. They have installed decent and comfortable benches for people who
want to enjoy sightseeing while relaxing. Just like the Plaza Libertad separates the
green spaces and the pavement area which makes it cleaner to look at and events
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accidents from bumping into each other. The plaza is full of trees and gives more
relaxing and fresh air that everyone will love.
These four pathways will lead into Rizal’s monument with wide clearances to
prevent traffic and a more accessible entrance to everyone around the plaza.
However, the site didn't support the person with a disability by installing tactile. They
are planning to install a water feature that gives relaxation and a children’s playground
that gives joy and social interaction to children that will build a good foundation to learn,
develop and grow a lot from being around others when playing. Also, the heritage
architectural ornament will be restored that remains the vibe of what the history is and
they will be fascinated by what the architects were back then.
A. 1. 3 Plaza Heneral Santos of General Santos City
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Plaza heneral is a 4.8-hectare land with great attraction features and
landscape. The plaza reminisces the memorial tomb of the late General Santos and
his wife. It is located at 456C+WQC, Pres. Sergio Osmeña Avenue, General Santos
City, South Cotabato. It is easily accessible since it is a big rotunda and there’s an
entrance on every side of it. It has been renovated and now improved its amenity
facilities, lighting, pathways, park furniture, parking area, and fish pond to make it more
look attractive, especially at night.
The General Paulino Santos Shrine can be found inside the Plaza Heneral
Santos. The city got its name from this brave and talented General born on June 22,
1890 in Camiling, Tarlac and died on August 29, 1945 in Kiangan, Mt. Province. Mr.
General Santos is the son of Remigio Santos and Rosa Torres.
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Visitors always visit the plaza since there’s a food stall and an activity area for
skaters and BMX riders. They can also jog, bike and dance since the area is huge.
The plaza’s main attraction is the fish pond with its waterfall lagoon and three small
fountains that looks relaxing, lively, and fun at night.
The researcher sees a lot of interesting parts of the plaza, like creative concrete
steps that make the children hop and increase their heart rate and blood circulation
also this creative pathway of concrete stones encourages people to walk and just be
with nature, a creative umbrella that has creeping vines that can turn into shades and
adds landscape to the plaza, a statue to reminisce the history and a LED lamp post
that is beautiful at night and can have a play area since it has pavement. The
architectural features and clearances that they have are all followed based on the
pictures and articles that the research has searched. However, the site didn’t include
tactile for the person with a disability, this type of tile will help them to access the way
when walking.
A.2. Foreign Studies
A. 2. 1. Washington square of Charleston City
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Washington square is known for its seasonally blooming azaleas. It is located
at 80 Broad St, Charleston, SC 29401, United States. It is a perfect spot to relax and
enjoy the fresh air after a long tiring day.
One of the first public parks in Charleston, and fittingly located in the heart of
the historic district, the park was originally home to "Corbett's Thatched Tavern" before
it was repurposed as a public gathering space and official city square in 1818. It
retained the moniker of the Charleston "city square" until 1881, when it was renamed
in honor of the first American president, and its newfound title was painted over the
entrance gates to mark the distinction.
The researcher gave observation that this square’s purpose is just to relax and
give a background history of what Charleston was like back then. The squares
surround business and company building areas that’s why most of the students and
employees go here since they also called this a “rest stop”.
The trees' height is above eye level that’s why it gives a more cozy vibe since
no trees are blocking the view. The green spaces are still open to have some picnics
or to act as play areas that’s why they didn’t put too many flowers and shrubs on it and
just put them in the corners of the squares, the natural beauty of nature is simply
enough to just enjoy it.
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There are food stalls and is a good move for vendors because this square is in
the middle of the city and everyone in the city will pass by here. The square doesn’t
have any leisure activities since this place is for relaxing and enjoying the city’s history.
For its architectural features, the researchers noticed is this place lacks street lamps,
at night there are some spots where light is not present which might cause accidents
or crime at night. However, tactile for the person with a disability is not present.
Nevertheless, the pavement, benches, clearances, and circulation are all good.
And from its aerial view, the square consists of trees which improve the air quality and
a clean environment.
A. 2. 2. Mellon Square, Pittsburgh, PA United States
Mellon Square is a place where you can enjoy fountains, cascading water fall,
and lush greenery. It is located at Sixth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA. It is one of
the two major squares in Downton Pittsburgh. The design is art deco and built above
a public parking garage. The Square is a popular gathering place for visitors in the city
and is surrounded by some of Downtown's most remarkable structures and hotels.
On April 22, 1949, the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, Sarah
Mellon Scaife, and Richard King Mellon Foundation announced a gift to the City of
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Pittsburgh of $4 million to build a public plaza and parking facility. The plaza was
conceived and executed as one of the earliest projects of Pittsburgh’s Renaissance
One. It was built in 1955 and was one of the first public plazas to be built over a parking
garage. It was designed by the famed landscape architecture company Simonds and
Simonds in the modernist style. Known for its elegant terrazzo walkways and
cascading fountains, the park was fully restored in partnership with the Pittsburgh
Parks Conservancy and local foundations in 2014.
The researcher’s observation is the plaza focuses on showcasing the water
features that people from the building can enjoy it. They can see the squares at any
angle from above and a 2 functional area that has a parking area below and a square
at the top. The fountain show at night gives people fun and a lovely night, having fun
with someone while watching the water just flow. Its architectural features are all
followed by its wide clearance ramps, benches that have trees behind them that will
shade people who are sitting. However, tactile for the person with disability is not
present. The interactive water gives fun to everyone and the idea of putting mini falls
beside the stairs is creative to encourage people to visit the square to see more of the
beauty of the whole area.
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A.2.3 Pack Square Park west of The City of Asheville, North Carolina
Pack square park is historic public place or Downtown Asheville since it has
been a focal point of the city since the beginning and the place increase to 5.6 acres
for visitors to relax and have fun.
The creation of Pack Square Park stemmed from a project launched in 1901,
when Asheville philanthropist George W. Pack donated land to the county that allowed
the old courthouse to be removed from the square and a new courthouse to be built
on College Street. Pack’s offer required the county to dedicate the historic square as
a public park forever. The site was renamed Pack Square in 1903. The current park
project was spearheaded by Pack Square Conservancy, a non-profit organization
established in 2000 to design and build the 6.5-acre park and to raise the necessary
funds. The updated park opened in 2009 with a redesign of all three sections, the old
City-County Plaza, now Roger McGuire Green, and mid-park, now Reuter Terrace.
The elimination of several streets allowed these areas to be more closely linked with
historic Pack Square, which retained its basic layout, but gained wide brick sidewalks
and a new stage and fountain.
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The researcher’s observation is that this square’s design has a lot of seating
areas and a stage and a fountain show. Their main goal is to relax and watch the show
or event since there’s a big stage in the middle where all of the people can watch the
event. The place is engaged in sociability and physical activities since a lot of events
can happen like concerts, contests, festivals, and many others. The water feature at
the plaza gives show and enjoyment to everyone with its creative splash fountain and
can also be a play area with or without water.
The square has a pavilion with visitor’s information, restrooms, drinking
fountain, and on both sides of the stage, there’s an area for food stalls and souvenirs
stall when there’s an event. On both sides of the plaza and at the bottom part there’s
a memorial stands and historical information about what the city was like back then.
The architectural features of it are all followed and even if there’s no playground or
outdoor gym, the place still manages to give visitors enjoyment. However, there’s no
tactile for a person with disabilities and accessible ramp on the site.
B. Review of Related Literature
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B. 1. Project Local
Background
General Trias Town Plaza is a park in Cavite. General Trias Town Plaza is
situated nearby to General Trias Plaza and General Trias City Police Station.
Brief History of General Trias Cavite Town Plaza
Originally named after its Patron Saint, Francis of Assisi, 1181-1226, the
municipality of General Trias was founded in December 13, 1748. The original name
of the town was changed to General Trias in honor of Gen. Mariano Trias (1869-1914),
by virtue of a law fathered by Emilio P. Virata during his term as representative of
Cavite, 1919-1921.
B.2 Data Presentation of General Trias CLUP Demography
B.2.a. Demography
B.2.a.1 Population Growth
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The City of General Trias registered a total population of 107,691 in 2000. From
66,837 in 1995, it increased by around 61.12% over a 5-year period. The present
annual growth rate is 10% as compared to the past census year, with only 4.80%
indicating that it has more than doubled in five (5) years.The population is distributed
in its thirty three (33) barangays and is considered to be 5.52% of the total provincial
population of 2,063,161. It ranks 7th as to population size compared to the three (3)
cities and nineteen (19) municipalities comprising the province. The increasing growth
rate is brought about by heavy in-migration due to expanding industrial activities and
the booming residential and commercial subdivisions due to rapid urban development.
B.2.a.2 Population Projection
The population projection indicates that with an increasing growth rate, it will
arrive at a count of 279,323 by the year 2010. The town’s population this year 2005 is
estimated at 173,437. If the current trend in its population would persist, General Trias
will have 449,852 by the year 2015 which suggest that the present population is
expected to be more than doubled in 10 years.
B.2.a.2 Graph of Population Projection
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B.2.b. Sports and Recreation
Each barangay is provided by the local government unit with at least one (1)
basketball court to support the town’s sports development. Besides, there is a tennis
court, a gymnasium and six (6) badminton courts within the vicinity of the Poblacion
which are privately owned. There are also six (6) privately operated swimming
pools/resorts.
In terms of recreational facilities, a multi-purpose convention center and the
newly renovated sports complex are also found in the municipality that serve as a
venue for meetings, conferences, sports festival and other social function The town
plaza which is located in front of the municipal hall has fountains and park benches
and serves as town park. The display of lights and music at night is an added attraction
to the place. Billiard halls designed for amusement and diversion among the males
can also be found in General Trias.
B.2.c Infrastructure and Utilities
B.2.c.1 Roads and transport
Data gathered reveal that there is a total of about 136.33 kilometers of road in
the municipality, 29.11 kms. of which are national, 15.85 kms provincial, 4.59 kms.
municipal and 65.96 kms barangay roads. All national, provincial and municipal roads
are of the all-weather type as these are paved with either concrete or asphalt.
However, more than 43 kilometers or 33 % of barangay roads remained unpaved.
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B.2.d Physical Features and Environmental Condition Climate
In General Trias, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy,
and it is hot and oppressive year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature
typically varies from 76°F to 93°F and is rarely below 72°F or above 96°F.
B.2.e Geography and Physical Features
B.2.e.1 Location
The town is situated at the northern part of the province and is located 14°23′
latitude and 121°53′ longitude. The distance from the Provincial Capitol in Trece
Martires City is 18.27 km. and 35 kms. Southwest of Manila. The land shape of
General Trias follows the path of its territorial boundaries in the eastern and western
section, which is the river. It is bounded in the north by Noveleta; in the northeast by
Imus and Kawit; in the east by Dasmariñas; in the southeast by Silang; in the south by
Amadeo; in the west by Tanza; Rosario in the northwest and Indang in the southwest.
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B.2.e.2 Geology and Geomorphology
General Trias, like most part of the Cavite province, is a volcanic region which
is underlain by volcanic ejecta deposits that are characteristically water laid. Recent
study conducted by Infra-Geo Services dated September 1998 shows that the
allowable bearing capacity of soil within the site of the new public market was 145 kpa
(3,000 psf) at a depth not to exceed 2.50 meter from the natural ground and resting
on weathered tuffaceous sandstone or silty sand. According to the 1996 study of GAIA
South Consultant on Monterey Property, Cavite as a part of Southwest Luzon is
susceptible to seismic structure present in the region. The seismogenic structure
includes the Verde Island Fault, Lubang Fault, Philippine Fault and the Manila Trench.
The possible seismogenic structures are the Taal Fault, Manila Bay Fault Zone and
the Marikina Fault. Generally, General Trias is considered less susceptible to seismic
structure than the other parts of Cavite because of its underlain soil structure of
consolidated alluvial materials and since it is outside the recognized area of Taal
Volcano. The substrate of the southern part of General Trias consists of a thick
sequence of Taal Tuff.
The soil structure of General Trias, based on the observed and assessed
consolidated result of Soil/water exploration conducted by different well drillers from
1990-1998, showed that all topsoil are covered by clay or with combination of sand or
silt. Underneath are layers of sandstone, stiff clay, clayey rock or with combination of
the sand, clay or silt of various gradings (fine to medium, coarse) and at varying depth.
B.2.e.3 Topography, Slope and Elevation
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General Trias is characterized as having a flat terrain ranging from 0-3% in the
northern portion while the remaining portion of land in the southern part is hilly and
rolling, ranging from 3 to 40% slope and the rest comprises the steep portion of the
waterways. Table 1 summarizes the slope characteristics of General Trias.
The topography of the municipality of General Trias and its surrounding area is
generally flat to gently rolling with deeply incised river channels. The drainage pattern
is primarily parallel to sub-parallel while the river system flows northwards of Manila
Bay. The lowest elevation is in Barangay Tejero and Bacao II at an elevation of 8.0
meters above mean sea level; while the Poblacion is at an elevation of 12.0 meters;
Barangay Manggahan junction of Governor’s Drive at elevation of 114.0 meters.
Southern portion of the municipality in particular to Brgy. Panungyanan has an
elevation of 250 meters and Brgy. Javalera at an elevation of 200 meters above mean
sea level.
B.2.e.4 Soil Type
is underlain by volcanic ejecta deposits that are characteristically water laid.
B.2.e.5 Land Use Plan
The physical translation of the municipality’s vision and aspirations is the land
use plan. It is a representation of the municipality’s intent as to what its future land use
pattern should be for the planning period. The CLUP has a 10-year planning period,
which means that it will assign the type, density and intensity of land use for all areas
29
within the municipality for the years 2012 to 2021. The land use plan consists of the
text and the map(s). The text includes land use policies and the map indicates the
spatial layout of these policies. A set of standards and guidelines will also be included
to guide development or conservation of the different areas prescribed in the
municipality’s spatial layout.
There are many ways to implement the land use plan but the most common
practice is through the zoning ordinance. The zoning ordinance is the legal instrument
that implements the land use plan. A traditional zoning ordinance consists of a map
that indicates the demarcation of the different districts and the text which enumerates
the allowable land uses within each district and the regulations that control the manner
in which these land uses may take place.
B.2.e.6 The Structure Plan
To realize the town’s goals and objectives, a selection of the preferred spatial
strategy has to be considered. The selection of desirable urban form is strongly reliant
on the level of population and physical characteristics as well as on the prevailing
economic activities.
The combined multi-nodal and grid urban form of development will be the
spatial strategy the municipality has to adopt. In these patterns, growth will be
encouraged in hierarchies of urban centers, namely: primary center and secondary
centers, and that the development is evenly distributed across the municipality.
Since population tend to concentrate towards these centers, delivery of social
services would be easier. On the other hand, grid or concentric urban development
aims to maximize land use in the Poblacion to provide more space outside, redirecting
30
future development in and around the main Poblacion core extending to the adjoining
barangays.
The structure plan presents the propose activities and where they are to take
place in the next 10 years (refer to Figure 21). The location of the activity centers is
based on the existing situation, the potentials and limitations of the sites and the spatial
strategies, which suggest where future growth should take place. The structure plan
also indicates the major roads that will channel the movement of people and goods
within the municipality. The future development of General Trias will largely depend
on the efficiency of the paths of movement.
31
B.3 The Comprehensive Land Use Policies
B.3.a Policies on Protected Areas
A network of parks and open spaces will be identified and should be protected
from being utilized into residential, commercial, industrial and other uses. All
residential, commercial, industrial and mixed-use subdivisions, having a total
contiguous land area of 10 hectares or less are required to provide tree planted strips
along its internal roads.
The researcher included the data from the Comprehensive Land Use Plan that
allows the local administration to explain to different sectors of the population how it
plans to meet their needs for land resources. It enables local governments to plan
development in a way that protects valued resources. Environmental characteristics
including wetlands, agricultural fields, woods, and steep slopes can be identified
through planning, and measures for protecting these resources from exploitation or
deterioration by inappropriate development. This supporting data gives the whole
background of what the city is.
C. BP 344 Accessibility Law
An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain
Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other
Devices.
This law promotes the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities to
participate fully in the social life and the development of the societies in which they live
in for the full enjoyment of the opportunities available to other citizens.
32
1.1 changes in level at sidewalks should be effected by slight ramps and dropped curbs;
1.2 dropped curbs should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the end of footpaths
of a private street or access road; no dropped curbs shall be provided at corners of
sidewalk.
1.3 dropped curbs at pedestrian crossings should have a length Corresponding to the
width of the crossing if the sidewalk width Is less than 3.50m. Otherwise, the minimum
width should be 0.90m ..
1.4 dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not more than
1:12;
1.5 dropped curbs shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross' Gradient of
1:20 to prevent water from collecting at the sidewalk;
1.6 the lowest point of the dropped curb should not exceed 25 mm height Above the road
gutter;
33
The researcher included this data to help the person with disabilities access the
sidewalk easily. With its minimum clearances to maneuver the wheelchair with its
correct elevated curb.
Minimum requirements:
2.1 curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a sidewalk or in any way
lessen the width of a sidewalk or if the sidewalk width is less than 3.50m. No curb
cut-outs shall be provided at corners of sidewalks.
2.2 the minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 m.;
34
2.3 curb cut-outs should not have a gradient not more than 1:12;
The researcher included this data to include this type of sidewalk in the proposed
project. Clearances for the person with a disability are present and with the non-disabled
user. Also, bioswale since it Protects local waterways from stormwater pollutants and
protects people from accidents that may occur on the road.
3.1 sidewalks should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip- Resistant
material;
3.2 whenever and wherever possible, sidewalks should have a gradient no more than
1:20 or 5%
3.3 sidewalks should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100;
3.4 sidewalks should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters
3.5 if possible, gratings should never be located along sidewalks; when occurring along
sidewalks, grating openings should have a maximum dimensions of 13mm x 13mm
and shall not project more than 6.5mm above or below the level of the sidewalk;
35
3.6 sidewalks should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle or
interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.5mm; 3.7 in lengthy or busy
sidewalks, spaces should be provided at some point along the route so that a
wheelchair may pass another or turn around; these spaces should have a minimum
dimension of 1.5 meters and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12.00
meters between stops;
The researcher included this data to avoid accidents when walking from trees
so that they can walk safely with the correct height clearance and organized routes.
3.8 to guide the blind, sidewalks should as much as possible follow straight forward
routes with right angle turns;
3.9 to guide the blind, sidewalks should as much as possible follow straight forward
routes with right angle turns;
3.10 sidewalk headroom should be less than 2.00m. And should preferably be
higher;
3.11 passageways for the disabled should not be obstructed by street furniture,
bollards, sign posts or columns along the defined route, as they can be hazardous;
36
The researcher included this data to help the person with a disability when they
don't have anyone to guide them when going to ramps. It includes the standard
measurement.
3.12 handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer
edges of dropped curbs at crossings; handrails should not be installed beyond the
width of any crossing so as not to obstruct pedestrian flow;
3.13 handrails shall be installed at 0.90m and o.l0 m above steps or ramps; handrails
for protection at great heights may be installed at 1.00m to 1.06m;
3.14 .30m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and end of
ramps and stairs;
3.15 handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30mm to 50mm;
3.16 handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50mm from
the wall; handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than 40mm;
37
The researcher included this data to help the person who is visually impaired
and to prevent accidents when walking.
3.17 Where open spaces are provided adjacent to walkway, the blind can become
particularly disoriented. Therefore, it is extremely helpful if any sidewalk or paths can
be given defined edges either by the use of planters with dwarf walls, or a grass
verge, or similar, which provides a texture different from the path.
38
The researcher included this data to help the person with a disability to know
the signages that will help them to know the location of the information they needed.
4.1 Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently seen even
by a person on a wheelchair;
4.2 Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand; signages should be made of
contrasting colors and gray values to make detection and reading easy;
4.3 The international symbol for access should be used to designate routes and facilities
that are accessible;
4.4 Should a sign protrude into a walkway or route, a minimum headroom Of 2.00 meters
should be provided;
4.5 Signs on walls and doors should be located at a maximum height of 1.60 meters and
minimum height of 1.40 meters;
39
4.6 signages labeling public rooms and places should have raised symbols, letters or
numbers with a minimum height of 1mm; braille symbols should be included in signs
indicating public places and safety routes;
4.7 text on signboards shall be of a dimension that people with less than normal visual
acuity can read at a certain distance.
The researcher included this data to help the person who has visually impaired
to recognize the direction when they are walking. The tile will give them the information
to them like large domes or lines are designed to act as a stop sign, while more subtle
lines indicate that a path is safe to walk on.
5.1 in order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade crossing should:
40
5.1.1 be as perpendicular as possible to the carriageway;
5.1.2 be located at the narrowest, most convenient part of the carriageway;
5.1.3 have central refuges of at least 1.50m in depth and preferably 2.00m, provided
as a mid-crossing shelter, where the width of carriageway to be crossed
exceeds 10.00m;
5.2 all crossings should be located close if not contiguous with the normal pedestrian
desire line;
5.3 provide tactile blocks in the immediate vicinity of the crossing as an aid to the blind;
the tactile surface should be high enough to be felt by the sole of the shoe but low
enough so as not to cause pedestrians to trip or to affect the mobility of wheelchair
users;
Note: tactile strips formed from brushed or grooved concrete have not proved
successful as they do not provide sufficient distinction from the normal footway surface
and therefore should not be used;
5.4 light controlled crossings with pedestrian phases and audible signals are most
beneficial to the disabled; they should be provided wherever possible;
5.5 the audible signals used for crossings should be distinguishable from other sounds in
the environment to prevent confusion to the blind; a prolonged sound could serve as
warning signal that the crossing time is about to end;
5.6 sufficient time should be allowed for the slower persons negotiating a crossing; a
walking speed of 0.90m/sec rather than 1.20m/sec should be considered; a minimum
41
crossing period of 6.0 seconds or the crossing distance times the crossing speed
(0.90m/sec), whichever is greater.
The researcher included BP 344 to help the person with a disability be safe
when they're in public spaces. Following this standard measurement give them access
easily.
C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This graph illustrates the process of the researcher's workflow. It provides a
visual representation of the steps taken to complete a project, from the initial
planning stages to the final results of the output.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
- Data from research - Data from research - A proposed
material material redevelopment of the
- Data from related - Data from related town plaza of General
studies and literature studies and literature Trias City Cavite
- Data from government - Data from government
organizations organizations
- Research for site - Research for site
proposal public space proposal public space
42
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Methodology
3.1.a. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a
population, situation, or phenomenon. It describes, explains, and validates research
findings. A research study should always be descriptive for the readers to understand
what's the study all about. A detailed study makes it easy to be on the same line and
to avoid confusion for readers. Showing the process of the projects gives a detailed
information of how the project turned into that.
3.1.b. Observational Research
A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are
measured. It gathers information and details that will help the researcher to gain data
by looking or searching into it. The researcher read articles, studies, and laws, and
watched videos to know how the public space will be functional and effective for
everyone. The researchers assured that every data in this information included in this
study came from reliable online sources. By observing, the researcher uses Google
Maps to observe the location of the chosen site.
43
3.1.c. Historical Research
It is an account of events that have happened in the past. It gives information
about what the location was like before. All of the changes in the place are recorded
and turned into history as time goes by. Being informed of what was the history of the
project’s location gives the researcher data on what should be considered when
planning. Knowing its history gives the researcher information to determine the
project’s site condition back then, when it was established and what amenities they
had and have been changed. The researcher saw these changes as an opportunity to
redevelop the plaza in a modern way so that everyone will enjoy their stay and make
them more comfortable when they are in plaza.
3.2 Research Design
3.2.a. Problem Identification
It is a fundamental initial step in the research process. It involves defining the
research problem as well as analyzing the available evidence to determine if the
research is feasible. Problem identification is useful in understanding the research
context and in guiding the design and conducting of the research study. A researcher
needs to be able to effectively identify the problems that need to be addressed. By
identifying the problems, the researcher can come up with viable solutions that lead to
meaningful changes and improvements. To identify the problem in the process, the
researcher used the internet to look for reliable sources. Using this technique, the
researcher noted the architectural issues at the site and what amenities could be
provided to make it more functional.

44
3.2.b. Gathering of Data
It collects the information that the researcher has gathered throughout the entire
research. This includes all of the articles, studies, and laws that will give solutions to
the problem. It consists of several data, site information, history, and other
architectural studies that are related to the research. The researcher ensures that the
data that have been gathered are all accurate.
3.2.c. Site Selection
Site selection is the process of evaluating potential areas for the placement of
development project. This can involve factors such as logistics and transportation
options, land use and zoning regulations, safety and security concerns, available
infrastructure, proximity to potential customers, access to natural resources, and
climate concerns. It is important to set these criteria before beginning the process of
evaluating potential sites, so that decisions regarding the location of the business or
development project can be evaluated objectively. The researcher lives in Cavite that’s
why Cavite is the location that has been chosen to redevelop the plaza. The researcher
was born and raised in this province and wanted to improve the place to make the
lives of the citizens better. Through observation and research, General Trias City is
the chosen project to improve and redevelop the plaza.
45
Figure 3.3.3.1 Google Map of General Trias City Town Plaza
3.2.d Site Analysis
Site analysis is the process of assessing a potential site for a development
project. The analysis will be based on a set of criteria identified before inspections
begin. It is based on variables such as the site's terrain, occupation status and land-
use potential, location and the opportunity for future development, access to
transportation, and public services and utilities, among other issues. It is important to
analyze all of this factor to know the conditions of the site. This will help the planner or
designer to plan the project in its right areas. Through the orientation of the site, the
researcher considers the sun path, climate, possible routes and any other architectural
features that the site have. Understanding the site conditions gives the researcher an
information to have an effective plan that will give the users comfortability and
accessible.
46
Site Analysis of General Trias Town Plaza
3.2.e. Data Analysis
Data analysis is the practice of collecting, cleaning, organizing, and interpreting
large amounts of data to discover patterns and insights. The aim of data analysis is to
gain insight into a problem or situation, enabling for better decisions to be taken
3.2.f. Design Conceptualization
The plaza has lounge seating, equipment for seniors, a playground, an outdoor
gym, ample parking, and leisure areas that will be of great benefit to the citizens. The
researcher aims to provide plenty of green spaces that will help the environment and
improve the quality of life for the citizens. Biophilia is the concept that researchers
have used, as most humans have an innate love of nature.
47
The important part of this concept is the researcher focuses on comfort and
health. All of the architectural features that have been added came from the studies
that have been conducted.
3.3 Research Instrument
These are the articles and literature that the researcher has gathered throughout
the entire study of this research.
• Project for Public Spaces (2020) What Makes a Great Public Place? ArchDaily
• Plaza, WBDG (2021)
• David Bowie (2017) Design & Construction, Policy, Sustainable Development,
A History of Urban Planning
• Camilla Ghisleni (2022) What is Urban Planning? ArchDaily
• Priscila Pacheco (2017) Public Spaces: 10 Principles for Connecting People
and the Streets
• Sparksph. “Fort San Pedro in Plaza Independencia - Suroy.ph.” Suroy.ph
(2022)
• “Plaza Independencia.” Guide to the Philippines (2022)
• Plaza Independencia | Take a Stroll Along Philippine History (2022)
• Taclino, Nonoy. “Iloilo City Breaks Ground for ‘new Plaza Libertad.’” Iloilo
Today (2021)
48
• Taclino, Nonoy. “Rehab of Iloilo City Plazas on Track.” Iloilo Today (2022)
• PEOPLE’S PLAZA’; Treñas: Public plazas must be safe, accessible public
spaces, Panaynews (2022)
• Taclino, Nonoy. “Iloilo City Gets P19-million for Plaza Libertad Rehab - IBS
Digital Network.” IBS Digital Network (2020)
• Reyes, RJay. “Have a Walk in General Santos Park (Plaza Heneral Santo).”
Vigattin Tourism (ARTICLES) – Philippines (2014)
• Washington Square - Charleston-SC.com (2022)
• “GPSmyCity.” GPSmyCity (2022) Washington Square Park, Charleston
• Pack Square Park, Downtown Asheville (2022)
• Mellon Square – Downtown’s Art Deco Landmark 9 (2022)
• “History &Laquo; Official Website of General Trias :: Province of Cavite.”
(2022)
• “Profile of the City &Laquo; Official Website of General Trias :: Province of
Cavite.” (2022)
• CLUP of General Trias Cavite
• Batas Pambansa Bldg. 344
3.4 Government Agencies
49
This is the information that the researcher has gathered throughout the entire
study of this research.
• Official website of Province of Cavite
• Official website of Province of Cavite
3.5 Gadgets and School Materials
These are the gadgets and school materials that the researcher have used throughout
the entire study of this research.
• Cellphone
• Desktop
• Laptop
• Printer
• Paper and pen
3.6 Technical Person
The name below is the professional who helped the researcher throughout the entire
study of this research.
• Ar. Carlo Madrona, UAP, RMP
50
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
A. Map Settings
A.1. International Map Settings
Figure A.1.1 International Map Setting of General Trias Plaza
Every country has different design approach of public space. Some public
spaces are created sustainable and has innovative design. These public spaces that
has created all over the world may be parks, streets, sidewalks and footpaths that
connect, playgrounds of recreation, marketplaces, but also edge space between
buildings or roadsides, and any other places that can be defined as unrestricted space
that can be access by everyone.
51
A.2 Continent Map Settings
Figure A.2.1 Continental Map Setting
Asia is the largest of the world's continents, it constitutes nearly one-third of
Earth's landmass and is lying entirely north of the equator, except for some Southeast
Asian islands. Asia occupies the better part of Eurasia, the largest single landmass on
the planet. The map shows the largest part of Asia, with surrounding oceans and seas.
Asian nations with international borders, national capitals, major cities, and major
geographical features like mountain ranges, rivers, and lakes. Looking at the map
above, the color fuchsia is where the Philippines located.
52
A.3 National Map Settings
Figure A.3.1. Map of the Philippines
A country of eastern Asia consisting of the Philippine Islands, an archipelago in
the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. Inhabited by Malays and various
indigenous groups, the islands were the first land in Asia sighted by Magellan's
expedition in 1521 and were colonized by the Spanish after 1565. Philippines.
Every part of the Philippines has public spaces. The researcher decided to
redevelop a Plaza that will be more useful and meets the people's needs. A plaza is a
type of public space that is a community amenity that serves a variety of users, such
as residents of nearby buildings, guests, and members of the public. This space type
may function as pedestrian site arrival points, homes for public art, settings for
recreation and relaxation, and inconspicuous security features for high-profile
buildings. One thing the researcher noticed is that Jose Rizal, the national hero of the
Philippines, is always commemorated in the town plazas there. Monument may
53
constantly be visible in municipal plazas and parks and is a key component of the
sculptured landscape.
A.4 Regional Map Settings
Figure A.4.1 Region 4a: Central Luzon
Calabarzon, formally known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland, is an
administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IV-A. The region
comprises five provinces: Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, and Rizal; and one
highly urbanized city, Lucena. It is the second-smallest province (the Province of Rizal
being the smallest) in the Calabarzon region. It is known for its white beaches, cultural
heritage sites dating back to the Spanish era, marine sanctuary, majestic mountains,
among others, the region is a favorite spot to many local and international travelers.
54
A.5 Provincial Map Settings
Figure A.5.1 Political Map of Cavite, Philippines
Cavite is a province of the Philippines and a part of Calabarzon region in Luzon.
Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, it is one of
the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines. Cavite is the
location where the researcher chose to redevelop a particular public space. It is the
place where the researcher lived so it will be convenient to visit the site anytime to
make an observation.
A.5.a Brief History
Cavite has a significant role in the country’s colonial past, especially in the
nation’s fight for independence. It is one of the first few provinces to cradle the
55
Philippine revolution. The most important event that happened here is the Declaration
of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit. Its historical significance spans
more than 300 years, earning it the moniker “Historical Capital of the Philippines.”
A.5.b Etymology
There are several theories on how Cavite or Cabite came into existence,
although the most accepted is the Hispanization of the word kawit. The term comes
from kalawit, which is a Tagalog term for “hook.” The place was named as such
because of the hook-shaped peninsula of Cavite La Punta and Cavite Viejo, which are
now known as Cavite City and Kawit, respectively, based on how they appeared on
old Spanish maps. The term was later corrupted to Cavite.
56
A.6. Municipal Map Settings of General Trias City
Figure A.6.1. Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of General Trias
(2012-2021)
There are several theories on how Cavite or Cabite came into existence,
although the most accepted is the Hispanization of the word kawit. The term comes
from kalawit, which is a Tagalog term for “hook.” The place was named as such
because of the hook-shaped peninsula of Cavite La Punta and Cavite Viejo, which are
57
now known as Cavite City and Kawit, respectively, based on how they appeared on
old Spanish maps. The term was later corrupted to Cavite.
A.6.a Land Area
General Trias has a total land area of 8,700 hectares. The city is surrounded
by the municipalities of Rosario and Noveleta in the north, by Tanza and Trece
Martires in the west, by Amadeo in the south, Silang in the southeast, and the cities of
Dasmariñas and Imus to the east. General Trias has a total land area of 81.46 square
kilometers (31.45 sq mi).
A.6.b Climate
Figure A.7.b.1. Climate of General Trias, Cavite in a year
In General Trias, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy,
and it is hot and oppressive year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature
typically varies from 76°F to 93°F and is rarely below 72°F or above 96°F.
58
A.6.c Geology and Morphology
is underlain by volcanic ejecta deposits that are characteristically water laid. Recent
study conducted by Infra-Geo Services dated September 1998 shows that the
allowable bearing capacity of soil within the site of the new public market was 145 kpa
(3,000 psf) at a depth not to exceed 2.50 meter from the natural ground and resting
on weathered tuffaceous sandstone or silty sand. According to the 1996 study of GAIA
South Consultant on Monterey Property, Cavite as a part of Southwest Luzon is
susceptible to seismic structure present in the region. The seismogenic structure
includes the Verde Island Fault, Lubang Fault, Philippine Fault and the Manila Trench.
The possible seismogenic structures are the Taal Fault, Manila Bay Fault Zone and
the Marikina Fault. Generally, General Trias is considered less susceptible to seismic
structure than the other parts of Cavite because of its underlain soil structure of
consolidated alluvial materials and since it is outside the recognized area of Taal
Volcano. The substrate of the southern part of General Trias consists of a thick
sequence of Taal Tuff.
The soil structure of General Trias, based on the observed and assessed
consolidated result of Soil/water exploration conducted by different well drillers from
1990-1998, showed that all topsoil is covered by clay or with combination of sand or
silt. Underneath are layers of sandstone, stiff clay, clayey rock or with combination of
the sand, clay or silt of various gradings (fine to medium, coarse) and at varying depth.
59
A.6.d. Topography and Soils/Slopes
General Trias is characterized as having a flat terrain ranging from 0-3% in the
northern portion while the remaining portion of land in the southern part is hilly and
rolling, ranging from 3 to 40% slope and the rest comprises the steep portion of the
waterways. Table 1 summarizes the slope characteristics of General Trias.
The topography of the municipality of General Trias and its surrounding area is
generally flat to gently rolling with deeply incised river channels. The drainage pattern
is primarily parallel to sub-parallel while the river system flows northwards of Manila
Bay.
The lowest elevation is in Barangay Tejero and Bacao II at an elevation of 8.0
meters above mean sea level; while the Poblacion is at an elevation of 12.0 meters;
Barangay Manggahan junction of Governor’s Drive at elevation of 114.0 meters.
Southern portion of the municipality in particular to Brgy. Panungyanan has an
elevation of 250 meters and Brgy. Javalera at an elevation of 200 meters above mean
sea level.
Slope % Description Land Area Percent Total Area
(Hectares)
0-3 Level to very 4,786 55.01
gently sloaping
3-10 Gently sloping to 1,414 16.26
undulating
60
10-20 Rolling to hilly 1,670 19.20
20-40 Steep hills 615 7.07
40-60 Very sleepy hills 214 2.46
TOTAL 8,700 100.00
Table A.6.d.1. Land Area by Grade of Slope: Municipality of General Trias
A.6.e. Demography
A.6.e.1 Population Growth
indicating that it has more than doubled in five (5) years. The population is distributed
in its thirty three (33) barangays and is considered to be 5.52 % of the total provincial
the booming residential and commercial subdivisions due to rapid urban development.
61
Graph A.6.e.1 General Trias City Population Graph
A.6.e.2 Population Projection
The population projection indicates that with an increasing growth rate, it will
arrive at a count of 279,323 by the year 2010. The town’s population this year 2005 is
estimated at 173,437. If the current trend in its population would persist, General Trias
will have 449,852 by the year 2015 which suggest that the present population is
expected to be more than doubled in 10 years.
A.6.e.3 Population Size and Growth Rate
62
indicating that it has more than doubled in five (5) years. The population is distributed
in its thirty three (33) barangays and is considered to be 5.52 % of the total provincial
the booming residential and commercial subdivisions due to rapid urban development
B. Micro Site Analysis
B.1 Road Network
Figure B.1.1. Crossing in Gov. Ferrer Dr General Trias
The image above is the crossing in Gov. Ferrer Dr General Trias.
B.2. Actual Site Conditions
63
Figure B.2.1 General Trias Town Plaza’s basketball Court
The image above is the basketball court and parking or Town’s Plaza.
Figure B.2.1 General Trias Town Plaza
The image above is seating area of Town Plaza.
B.3 SITE ANALYSIS
This site analysis provides the orientation, sun path and any other features of
the site.
64
B.4 SWOT Analysis
A SWOT analysis is a powerful tool for assessing the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of a given situation.
STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
- Safety - Lack of - Increase - Natural
innovative livelihoods calamities

- Accessibility
technology
- Promotes a - Heavy
- Services to
healthy traffic
community
living
- Low
community
chances of
65
flood and - Improves
landslide mental
health
B.5. Qualititative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis in Relation to Function
GOAL FACTIONAL PROBLEM NEEDS CONCEPT
- To - The town is - Lack of - Provides - This concept
accommodate situated amenities amenities is an ideal
citizens of at the northern - Lack of and benches choice for this
General Trias part architectural - Provides plaza, as its
City of the province features more green approach
- To give and is located - Lack of Areas incorporates
comfortability 14 23' parking - Provide a natural lighting
and latitude and spaces safe place for and
ensure their 121 53' - Doesn’t citizen ventilation,
safety longitude. support people natural
- To provide - The plaza is with landscape
healthier situated in disabilities features, and
environment front of the city other elements
for everyone hall of General to create a
Trias City.
66
more
productive and
healthier built
environment
for people. By
incorporating
biophilic
design, this
plaza will not
only provide a
more
pleasant
atmosphere,
but
also promote
physical and
mental
wellbeing.
67
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Summary of Findings
This study is intended to redevelop the existing public plaza of General Trias
City in Cavite located at Gov Ferrer Avenue. This proposal aims to improve the plaza
by providing a more comfortable space, various of activity for recreational
opportunities and improves the community’s health and wellness, and a great green
space for everyone.
B. Conclusion
Based on the findings, it is therefore concluded that the researcher achieves the
objective stated in this study. The proposed “Redevelopment of The Town Plaza of
General Trias City Cavite” has been carefully planned with the following
considerations:
• The proposed research for the town plaza of General Trias City aims to address
the lack of green public spaces, uncomfortable spaces, and unsafe spaces,
providing a beneficial outcome for the city. By conducting this research, we can
create a more inviting and secure environment for the citizens of General Trias
City.
68
• The following architectural solutions are implemented to enhance the spaces
and provide users with a comfortable environment. By utilizing these solutions,
users can enjoy a pleasant and inviting atmosphere.
• The researcher maximized the area and inputted all of the possible additions to
public spaces, such as recreational areas, comfortable restrooms, ample
seating, and green spaces.
C. Recommendation
For the public space development of the proposal entitled “A Proposed
Redevelopment of The Town Plaza of General Trias City Cavite”, the following
should be done:
• The proposal will be planned according to the architectural solutions that the
researcher has researched in this study will help the users to have a healthy
community.
• The architectural output will be introduced to the local municipality of General
Trias City, Cavite in order to improve the visual appeal of the Plaza. By
introducing this new design, the municipality hopes to create a more vibrant and
inviting atmosphere for visitors and locals alike.
69
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Accessibility Law (IRR of Batas Pambansa 344)
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan of General Trias City Cavite, 2014
• Joseph De Chiara and John Callender, Time Standards for Building Types
(Second Edition), 1983
70
WEBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.archdaily.com/914616/what-makes-a-great-public-place
• https://wbdg.wbdg.org/space-types/plaza
• https://greenblue.com/ce/history-of-urban-planning/
• https://www.archdaily.com/author/camilla-ghisleni
• https://thecityfix.com/blog/public-spaces-10-principles-for-connecting-people-
and-the-streets-priscila-pacheco/
• https://suroy.ph/plaza-independencia/
• https://guidetothephilippines.ph/destinations-and-attractions/plaza-
independencia
• https://cebuinsights.com/explore-cebu/parks/plaza-independencia-philippine/
• https://www.iloilotoday.com/iloilo-city-new-plaza-libertad/
• https://www.iloilotoday.com/iloilo-city-plazas-rehab/
• https://www.panaynews.net/peoples-plaza-trenas-public-plazas-must-be-safe-
accessible-public-spaces/
• https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1129583
• https://www.charleston-sc.com/washington-square.html
• https://www.vigattintourism.com/index.php?/tourism/articles/Have-a-Walk-in-
General-Santos-Park-Plaza-Heneral-Santo
• https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/washington-square-park-175.html
• https://www.exploreasheville.com/listings/pack-square-park/35/
• https://pittsburghpa.gov/citiparks/mellon-square
• https://www.generaltrias.gov.ph/
71
Curriculum Vitae of Rosa Mae Salvador
Personal Information
Age : 22
Date of Birth : May 7, 2000
Place of Birth : Dasmariñas City Cavite
Gender : Female
Civil status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Background:
Tertiary: National College of Science and Technology Dasmariñas City, Cavite
BS Architecture (2018-present)
Senior High: Saint Joseph Academy of Dasmariñas Cavite
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) 2016-2018
Junior High: Saint Joseph Academy of Dasmariñas Cavite 2012
Affiliation:
United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)
72
• 1st Year UAPSA Representative – Year 2018 - 2019
• 2nd Year UAPSA Representative – Year 2019 - 2020
• UAPSA Commissioner and Internal Affairs officer – Year 2020 – 2021
• UAPSA officer – Technical Committee – Year 2021-2022
Training and Webinars:
• Certificate of participation for being part of the webinar Pantas: Edukado. Wais.
Dalubhasa during (Liderato 3.0: Ang Pagsibol ng Modernong Pamumuno) – October
2020
• Completed the BERDE Professionals Basic Training Course with UAPSA –
October 2020
• Certificate of participation in UAPSA Area B Assembly (ABA) 2021 of (Cosmos: To
infinity and beyond) – January 2021
Skills:
• Basic knowledge in Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint
• Basic knowledge in Sketchup, AutoCAD, Lumion, Photoshop, Enscape, and V-ray
73

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A Thesis Proposal:

National College of Science and Technology

Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

“A PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN

PLAZA OF GENERAL TRIAS CITY CAVITE”

Salvador, Rosa Mae S.

A city with great public spaces brings people to be connected, improves

community health, and gives outdoor performances. A functional public space

enhances people’s quality of life and increases productivity.

and amenities encourages people to participate to do some activities especially when

healthy body if a public space has more activities.

area. A beautiful landscape, harmless environment, comfortable areas to stay and

According to Ghisleni (2022), In theory, urban planning is a process of

well as to create a new urbanization in a given region. As a discipline and as a method

it attracts social and economic interaction.

accommodate a variety of events and activities, catering to a wide range of people.

Background of the Study

states that the city should be fundamental to people. By making it fundamental, a

enjoy their stay there.

A well-functioning public space provides safety, comfort, productivity,

According to Pacheco (2017), Public areas shape community ties in

while staying there.

1.1 Statement of the Problem

can’t hang around during the daytime.

2. The plaza lacks an adequate parking area, making it more dangerous

uncomfortable to sit on. There are no recreational amenities to enjoy,

limiting the plaza's usability.

reflects off of surfaces, causing a discomforting strain on the eyes.

for those who inhabit it to breathe.

research provides design solutions such as:

use of landscape, more green spaces, and comfortable benches.

2. Providing onsite parking is an effective way to ensure the safety of

3. To ensure the needs of citizens, bike lanes, and racks, comfortable

but also draw more people to the plaza.

4. To provide public space that follows architectural laws and rules

inviting atmosphere for those who visit the plaza.

draws in tourists when a public space looks inviting and welcoming.

1.3 Scope and delimitation of the study

of existing public space.

and conduct data to support this study.

1.4 Significance of the Study

place. This study will be beneficial to the following:

to students who need information about public spaces.

• Researcher. This study provides information on what is a public space and

• Future researcher. This study provides information, references, ideas, and

concepts about public spaces.

A. Review of Related Studies

A. 1. 1 Plaza Independencia of Cebu City

Plaza independencia (Independence Plaza) is a Spanish-era plaza in Cebu City

in World War II in its Veteran’s Memorial monument. It represents the province's

and leisure activities.

been through during the colonial days.

uncovered during the excavation.

Based on the researcher’s observation, the researcher noticed some of the

that may cause accidents.

green spaces act as drainage when raining.