UNIT -1 SOLUTION

The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1 The value of Henry’s constant KH is:
(a) greater for gases with higher solubility
(b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(c) constant for all gases.
(d) not related to the solubility of gases.
2 Increasing the temperature of an aqueous solution will cause:
(a) decrease in molality
(b) decrease in molarity
(c) decrease in mole fraction
(d) decrease in % (w/w)
3 Colligative properties depend on:
(a) the nature of the solute
(b) the number of solute particles in solution
(c) the physical properties of solute
(d) the nature of the solvent
4 The unit of ebullioscopic constant is:
(a) K kg mol-1
(b) K-1 kg mol
(c) K kg-1 mol-1
(d) K kg-1 mol
5 The most suitable colligative property to determine molecular weight of biomolecules is:
(a) Lowering of vapour pressure
(b) Osmotic pressure
(c) Elevation of boiling point
(d) Depression of freezing point
6 The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3M solution is:
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 9
(d) 7
7 Which has highest freezing point:
(a) 1 M Glucose
(b) 1 M NaCl
(c) 1 M CaCl2
(d) 1 M AlF3
8 Which of the following condition is not satisfied by an ideal solution?
(a) ΔHmixing = 0
(b) ΔVmixing = 0
(c) Raoult’s Law is obeyed
(d) Formation of an azeotropic mixture
9 Considering the formation, breaking and strength of hydrogen bond, predict which of the
following mixtures will show a negative deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a) Methanol and acetone.
(b) Chloroform and acetone.
(c) Phenol and aniline.
 (d) Cyclohexane and ethanol
10 The boiling point of an azeotropic mixture of water and ethanol is less than that of water and
ethanol. The mixture shows:
(a) no deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(b) positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(c) negative deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(d) that the solution is unsaturated.
11 If 2 gm of NaOH is present is 200 ml of its solution, its molarity will be
(a) 0.25
(b) 0.5
(c) 5
(d) 10
12 The atmospheric pollution is generally measured in the units of
(a) mass percentage
(b) volume percentage
(c) volume fraction
(d) ppm
13 A 5% solution of cane-sugar (molecular weight = 342) is isotonic with 1% solution of substance
A. The molecular weight of X is
(a) 342
(b) 171.2
(c) 68.4
(d) 136.8
14 234.2 gm of sugar syrup contains 34.2 gm of sugar. What is the molal concentration of the
solution.
(a) 0.1
(b) 0.5
(c) 5.5
(d) 55
15 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing
point.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
16 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may have
boiling points either greater than both the components or less than both the components.
Reason (R): The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid phase of an
azeotropic mixture.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
17 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason (R): The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.
 Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
18 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Molecular mass of benzoic acid when determined by colligative properties is
found high.
Reason (R): Dimerization of benzoic acid.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS and carry 2 marks each.

19 Equimolal solutions of NaCl and BaCl2 are prepared in water. Freezing point of NaCl is found to
be – 20C, What freezing point do you expect for BaCl2 solution?
20 Write down four important points of differences between an ideal and a non-ideal solution.
OR
Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in a solution containing 30% by mass of it in CCl4.
21 What do you mean by Raoult’slaw ? What are the limitations of Raoult’s law ?
OR
How many types of azeotropes are there? Define them along with one example of each.
22 Plot a graph between vapour pressure and mole fraction of a solution obeying Raoult’s Law at
constant temperature?
23 A mixture of chlorobenzene and bromobenzene is a nearly an ideal solution but a mixture of
chloroform and acetone is not Explain?
24 What is the molality of 1.0 M solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) if its density is 1.25 g cm-3?
25 The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300K; calculate the
vapour pressure of 1 molar solution of a solute in it.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS and carry 3 marks each.

26 Miscible liquid pairs often show positive and negative deviation from Raoult’s law. Explain the
reason for such deviation? Give one example of each of liquid pairs.
27 A solution containing 18 g of non-volatile solute in 200g of water freezes at 272.07 K. calculate
the molecular mass of solute (given Kf = 1.86 K/m)
OR
0
Calculate the osmotic pressure at 27 C of a solution formed by mixing equal volumes of two
solutions, one containing 0.05 mole of glucose in 250 ml of solution and the other containing
3.42 g of C12H22O11 in 250 ml of solution. [R = 0.082 L atm mol-1K-1]
28 An aqueous solution freezes at 272.4 K while pure water freezes at 273 K. Determine (i) Molality
of solution. (ii) Boiling point of solution (iii) Lowering of vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
29
The element A and B formed purely covalent compounds having molecular formula AB 2 and
AB4. When dissolved in 20 gram of benzene 1 gram of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K and
of AB4 by 1.3 K. Calculate atomic mass of A and B. The molar depression constant for freezing is
5.1 KKg mol-1
30
An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal
boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute? (Vapour pressure of pure
water at the boiling point (P0) = 1 atm = 1.013 bar)
 OR
Explain the following colligative properties in brief under the following head: (Definition,
Graphical representation and related mathematical expression)

CASE-BASED QUESTIONS and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow

31.Osmotic pressure results from a reduction in the chemical potential of a solvent in the
presence of a solute. The tendency of a system to have equal cemical potentials over its entire
volume and to reach a state of lowest free energy gives rise to the osmotic diffusion of matter. In
ideal and dilute solutions, the osmotic pressure is independent of the nature of the solvent and s
olutes. At constant temperature it is determined only by the number of kinetically active particles
—ions, molecules, associated species, and colloidal particles in a unit volume of the solution.
For very dilute solutions of nondissociating compounds, osmotic pressure is described with su
fficient accuracy by the equation πV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of solute, V is the volu
me of the solution, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer
(i) Name and define the process/method which is used for purification of water?
(ii) Which colligative property is most suitable to measure molecular mass of proteins and why?
(iii) 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure
of such a solution at 300 K is found to be 2.57 × 10-3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
OR
A solution contains 0.8960g of K2SO4 in 500ml solution. Its osmotic pressure is found to be
0.690atm at 270C. Calculate the value of Van’t Hoff factor. (K=39.0, S=32, O=16, R=0.082atm mol-
1K-1)

32. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(i) What type of liquids form the ideal solution?

(ii) Give one example of an ideal solution.
(iii) (a) Write two characteristics of a non-ideal solution.
(b) Which type of deviation will be shown by the solution if yAB < yAA.
OR
Plot a graph between vapour pressure and mole fraction of a non-ideal solution showing positive
and negative deviations from an ideal solution.

LONG ANSWER TYPE and carry 5 marks each

33. (i) Two liquids A and B on mixing form an ideal solution. At 30 0C vapour pressure of solution
containing 3 mol of A and 1 mol of B is 550 mmHg. But when 4 mol of A and 1 mol of B are
mixed. The vapour pressure of solution thus formed is 560 mm Hg. What would be the V.P
of pure A and B?
(ii) Explain the fact that Raoult’s Law is a special case of Henry’s Law.
(iii) According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure of a volatile component in a given solution
is given by pi = xi pi0.
OR
(a) 0.6 mL of acetic acid (CH3COOH), having density 1.06 g mL–1, is dissolved in 1 litre of
water. The depression in freezing point observed for this strength of acid was 0.0205°C.
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and the dissociation constant of acid.
(b) Define Van’t Hoff factor. Give the value of Van’t Hoff factor in case of the following:
Association, Dissociation and neither association nor dissociation of solute when
dissolved in a solvent.
34. (a) What is meant by abnormal molar mass of solute? Discuss the factors which bring
abnormality in the experimentally determined molecular masses of solutes using colligative
properties.
(b) If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293 K, how many millimoles of N 2 gas would dissolve
in 1 litre of water. Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry’s
law constant for N2 at 293 K is 76.48 kbar.
35. (a) Why is glycol and water mixture used in car radiators in cold countries?
(b) Give reason When 30 ml of ethyl alcohol and 30ml of water are mixed, the volume of
resulting solution is more than 60ml.
(c) Define cryoscopic constant?
(d) State (i) Azeotropes and (ii) Henry’s Law constant.

UNIT -2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The function of the salt bridge is to
(a) Allow ions to move from anode to cathode
(b) Allow solutions from one half cell to the other half cell
(c) Allow the current to flow through the cell and keep the solutions electrically neutral
(d) Keep the level of solution same.
2. Zinc is used to protect iron from corrosion because
(a) Eoxi of zinc is less than Eoxi of iron
(b) Ered of zinc is less than Ered of iron
(c) Zinc is cheaper than iron
(d) Zinc is abundantly available
3. The charge required for reduction of 1 mol of Cr2O72- ions to Cr3+ is-
(a) 96500 C
(b) 2 x 96500 C
(c) 6 x 96500 C
(d) 4 x 96500 C
4. Other things being equal , the life of a Daniel cell may be increased by
(a) Keeping low temperature
(b) Using large copper electrodes
(c) Decreasing concentration of copper ions
 (d) Using large zinc electrodes
5. The ionic conductivity of the cations and anion of the univalent salt is 140 and 80
respectively. The molar conductivity of the salt is
(a) 160 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1
(b) 280 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1
(c) 60 moles
(d) 220 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1
6. Farday’s laws of electrolysis are related to
(a) Atomic number of the cation
(b) Atomic number of the anion
(c) Equivalent mass of the electrolytes
(d) Speed of the cation
7. The molar conductivity of an electrolyte increases as
(a) Dilution increases
(b) Temperature decreases
(c) Dilution decreases
(d) None of the above
8. When aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolyzed the product obtained at the cathode is
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Sodium metal
(c) Oxygen
(d) Chlorine
9. A dilute aqueous solution of Na2SO4 is electrolyzed using Pt electrodes. The products at
the anode and cathode are
(a) O2, H2
(b) S2O82-, Na
(c) O2, Na6
(d) S2O82-,H2
10. The ionic conductance of Ba2+ and Cl- ions are respectively 127 and 76 Ω-1 cm2 at infinite
dilution.The equivalent conductance of BaCl2 at infinite dilution is
(a) 203 Ω-1 cm2
(b) 279 Ω-1 cm2
(c) 101.5 Ω-1 cm2
(d) 139.5 Ω-1 cm2
11. The best way to prevent rusting of iron is by
(a) Putting it in to saline water
(b) Cathodic protection
(c) Coating tin on it
(d) Putting it in tap water
12. A lead storage battery is recharged
(a) Lead dioxide dissolves
(b) Sulphuric acid is regenerated
(c) Lead electrodes become coated with lead sulphide
(d) The concentration of sulphuric acid decreases
13. Saturated solution of KNO3 is used to make salt bridge because
(a) Velocity of K+ ion is greater than that of NO3-
(b) Velocity of K+ ion is lesser than that of NO3-
 (c) Velocity of K+ and NO3- ions are equal
(d) KNO3 is highly soluble in water
14. For the redox reaction Zn + Cu2+(0.1M) ------→ Zn2+(1M) +Cu taking place in a cell E°Cell
=1.10 V. Ecell for the galvanic cell will be
(a) 2.14 V
(b) 1.80 V
(c) 1.07 V
(d) 0.82 V
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) – The reduction potential of the electrode can be increased by increasing
the concentration of metal cations.
Reason (R ) – E is directly proportional to [Mn+]
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) – Zinc protect the iron better than tin even after cracks.
Reason (R ) – Oxidation potential of Zn > Fe but oxidation potential of Sn < Fe
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true
17. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) – Identification of anode and cathode is done by use of thermometer.
Reason (R ) – Higher the value of reduction potential greater would be its oxidizing
power.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true
18. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) – E° is an intensive property.
Reason (R ) – E° is constant for a particular electrode at a given temperature
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE AND CARRY 2 MARKS OF EACH

19. The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 S cm -1. Calculate its molar
conductivity.
20. How much charge is required for the following reduction of
(i) 1 mol of Al3+ to Al
(ii) 1 mol of MnO4- to Mn2+
OR
 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce?
(i) 20.0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2
(ii) 40.0 g of Al from molten Al2O3
21. What are Fuel cells? Write cell reaction.
OR
What advantages do fuel cell have over conventional methods of generating electrical
energy?
22. State Kohlrausch’s law and mention it’s applications.
23. What is corrosion? Give the mechanism of rusting on the basis of electrochemical
theory.
24. Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is 10.
25. Give chemical reaction taking place during discharging of lead storage battery.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS AND CARRY 3 MARKS

26. Calculate the maximum work done that can be obtained from the Daniell cell
Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu. Given that E°Zn2+/Zn and E°Cu2+/Cu are -0.76 and +0.34 V respectively.
27. Define molar conductivity. How conductivity and molar conductivity does varies with
dilution for both weak and strong electrolyte?
28. Given the following cell Al/Al3+(0.01M)//Fe2+(0.02M)/Fe. Calculate the value of Ecell at
298K. Given E°Al3+/Al and E°Fe2+/Fe are -1.66 V and -0.44 V respectively. [ log 2=0.3010]
29. A current of 1.50A was passed through an electrolytic cell containing AgNO 3 solution
with inert electrodes .The weight of silver deposited was 1.50 g. How long did the current
flow ? ( Ag=108 u , F=96500 C/mol)
OR
The conductivity of a 0.01M solution of acetic acid at 298K is 1.65 x 10-4 Scm-1 . Calculate
its molar conductivity.
30. Represent the cell in which the following reaction takes place. The value of E° for the cell
is 1.260V. What is the value of Ecell? 2Al +3Cd2+(0.1M) ----→ 3Cd + 2Al3+(0.01M)
OR

Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C. Al/Al3+(0.001M)//Ni2+(0.1M)/Ni

Given E°Al3+/Al and E°Ni2+/Ni are -1.66 V and -0.25 V respectively.

[log2=0.3010,log3=0.4771]

CASE-BASED QUESTIONS AND CARRIES 4 (1+1+2) MARKS EACH

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow

31. Molar conductivity for weak electrolytes can be obtained from molar conductivities of
strong electrolytes at infinite dilution by doing algebraic addition. For example ,molar
conductivity of weak electrolyte like CH3COOH can be obtained from molar
conductivities at infinite dilution of strong electrolytes like CH3COONa , HCl and NaCl
according to Kohlrauch’s law
Λ°m CH3COOH = [Λ°mCH3COO- + Λ°mNa+]+[ Λ°mH++ Λ°mCl-]-[ Λ°m Na+ + Λ°mCl-]
(i) What is the expression of Λ°m for an electrolyte AmBn ?
(ii) Define limiting molar conductivity.
(iii) Calculate Λ°m for AgCl if Λ°m (AgNO3) = 133.4, Λ°m(KCl)=149.9,
Λ°m(KNO3)=144.9 Scm2mol-1
OR
 Calculate Λ°m for HAc if Λ°m (HCl) = 425.9, Λ°m(NaCl)=126.4, Λ°m(NaAc)=91.0
Scm2mol-1
32. The standard electrode potentials are very important and we can extract a lot of useful
information from them. If the standard electrode potential of an electrode is greater
than Zero then it’s reduced form is more stable compared to hydrogen gas. Similarly, if
the standard electrode potential is negative than hydrogen gas is more stable than the
reduced form of the species. It can be seen that the standard electrode potential for
Fluorine is the highest indicating that F2 gas has the maximum tendency to get reduced
to Fluoride ion F- and therefore Fluorine gas is the strongest oxidizing agent and Fluoride
ion is the weakest reducing agent.
(i) Which element can act as the strongest reducing agent?
(ii) How cell potential can be measured?
(iii) Which electrode can work as anode in galvanic cell?
(iv) Find out E°Cell for Zn/Zn2+(0.1M//Cu2+(0.10M)/Cu
[given E°Zn2+/Zn and E°Cu2+/Cu are -0.76 V and +0.34 V respectively]
OR
Write cell reaction for the above galvanic cell and mention cathode and anode.

LONG ANSWER TYPE and carry 5 marks each

33. a. Why does the cell voltage of a mercury cell remain constant during its life time ?
b. Write the reaction occurring at anode and cathode and the products of
electrolysis of aq KCl.
c. What is the pH of HCl solution when the hydrogen gas electrode shows a potential of -
0.59 V at standard temperature and pressure?
OR
a. Molar conductivity of substance “A” is 5.9×103 S/m and “B” is 1 x 10-16 S/m. Which of
the two is most likely to be copper metal and why?
b. What is the quantity of electricity in Coulombs required to produce 4.8 g of Mg from
molten MgCl2? How much Ca will be produced if the same amount of electricity was
passed through molten CaCl2? (Atomic mass of Mg = 24 u, atomic mass of Ca = 40 u).
c. What is the standard free energy change for the following reaction at room temperature?
Is the reaction spontaneous?
Sn(s) + 2Cu2+ (aq) ----→ Sn2+ (aq) + 2Cu+ (s)
Given E°Sn2+/Sn and E°Cu2+/Cu are -0.14 V and +0.34 V respectively
34. (i) State Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis?
(ii)Three electrolytic cells A, B, C containing solutions of ZnSO4 , AgNO3 and CuSO4
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed
through them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the
current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?
35. The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L-1 methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm2mol- . Calculate its
degree of dissociation and dissociation constant. Given = 349.6 S cm2mol-1
and
OR
(a) Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction takes place.
Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) →Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag
Further show:
(i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.