Vakev Chemistry-Examination-Of-The-Third-Term-2021-For-S6

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SCHOOL YEAR: 2020/2021
SOUTHERN PROVINCE TERM III

RUHANGO DISTRICT- DARE:…/…./2021
PROMOTION: S6 DURATION: 3HOURS
CHEMISTRY EXAMINATIONS FOR S6 MCB, PCB, PCM, BCG /100MARKS
INSTRUCTIONS:
This paper consists of three sections A,B and C
 Attempt all questions in section A /55marks
 Attempt any three questions in section B /30marks
 Section is compulsory /15marks
 Periodic table is not allowed
Section A: attempt all question 55marks
1. The ester CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions.

What are the organic products of this hydrolysis? (1marks)
A) Butanoic acid and 2-methylpropan-1-ol B) Butanoic

acid and 2-methylpropan-2-ol C) Butan-1-ol and 2-
methylpropanoic acid D)
Bropanoic acid and 2-methylpropan-1-ol
2.Calculate the percentage composition of oxygen in hydrated sodium sulphate, Na2SO4.10H2O

(Na=23, S=32, O=16, H=1) (2marks)
64
3.An element on the periodic table can be represented as29 M
a) How may protons and electron does element M has (2marks)
b) Most of the compounds of element M appear as blue in color. Explain - (2marks)
4. a) Differentiate nuclear fusion from nuclear fission of the radioactive nuclide (2marks)
b) A short decay series of Thorium is shown below. calculate the number of protons of each new
elements A, B and C formed. (1.5marks)
232
Th Aα
90 ⃗ C
⃗ Bβ
5. When a constant current was passed through an aqueous solution of copper (II) nitrate for one
hour the mass of the copper cathode increased by 15.24 g. Calculate the current in ampere
(F=96500C, C=63.5) (2marks)
6. Compounds Q and R have the same molecular formula C4H8O. Compound Q on oxidation turns
the orange color of acidified potassium dichromate to green but R does not. When a solution of iodine
is added followed by enough solution of sodium hydroxide, a pale yellow precipitate is formed in a
container containing compound R while Q does not react.
a) Write the structural formula of compound Q and R and their name according to IUPAC
nomenclature style (2marks)
b) Write the formula of the pale yellow precipitate formed when R react with iodine solution.
(1marks)
c) The reduction of Q gives a compound P

For more; visit http://www.thinkbig.rw/online-courses/ or (www.thinkbig.rw)
(i) Identify the compound P (1marks)
(ii)One of the isomers of P gives positive results immediately when reacted with a solution of ZnCl 2
acidified by HCl (Lucas reagents). Identify the isomer. (1marks)
7. (a) Explain what is meant by the term average bond enthalpy. (1marks)
b. Use the average bond enthalpy data below to calculate a value for the molar
enthalpy change for the following reaction. (2marks)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O (g)
Bond C–C C–H O=O C=O H–O
Average bond
348 412 496 743 463
enthalpy/kJ/mol
8. Rubber is a natural polymer which is formed form monomer; 2-methyl 1,3-butadiene
a) Write the structure of 2-methyl 1,3 butadiene (1.5marks)
b) Describe how rubber (polyisoprene) is formed by joining 3 molecules of 2-methyl 1,3 butadiene
(2marks)
c) Write the repeating unit of the polymer formed in (b) above (2marks)
d) Give one use of rubber (1mark)
9. a) For the reaction 2A(g)+B(g)↔ 5C(g), the initial concentration of A and B are 1.5M and 0.7M
respectively. If the equilibrium concentration of C is 2M. calculate the value of Kc and state its unit
(3marks)
b) What it the effect increasing pressure on the position of equilibrium above (2marks)
10. Explain the following observation;
a) Water is preferably used as coolant than ethanol (both water and ethanol are liquids with the
specific heat capacities of 4.18J/g.0c and 2.24J/g0c respectively) (2marks)
b) Aluminum utensils are not washed in strong alkaline solutions (2marks)
11.a) Define the term “buffer solution” (1mark)
b)0.61g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) were dissolved in 1L of 0.02M sodium benzoate to form a
buffer solution. Calculate the PH the buffer solution formed(C=12, H=1,O=16, Ka=6.3×10 -5mol/dm)
(2marks)
Page 2
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c) State what would happens to the PH of the solution in (b) above when the small amount of the
following were added
(i)sodium hydroxide solution (ii)hydrochloric acid (2marks)
12. Chlorine is used in the preparation of bleaching agents and iodine.

(a) Write the reaction of Chlorine with water and mention the bleaching group. (2marks)
(b) Bromine is extracted from sea water by oxidising bromide ions with chlorine gas.
(i) Write the ionic equation for this reaction. (2marks (ii) Explain
why chlorine is strong oxidising agent compared to bromine. (2marks)
13. Use the data below, where appropriate, to answer the questions which follow
Each of the above can be reversed under suitable conditions
a) (i) Identify the most powerful reducing agent in the table. (1mark)
(ii) Identify the most powerful oxidizing agent in the table. (1mark)
(iii) Identify all species in the table which can be oxidized in acidic solution by
BrO3-(aq) (2marks)
(b) The cell represented below was set up.
Pt|Fe2+(aq), Fe3+ (aq) || BrO3- (aq), Br2 (aq)|Pt
(i) Deduce the e.m.f. of this cell and tell whether this reaction is feasible or not. (2marks)
(ii) Write a half-equation for the reactions occurring at each electrode. (2marks)
Section B: Attempt only three questions
14 (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion. (2 marks)
(b) Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH. (1 mark)
(c) The following table gives some standard enthalpies of formation.
Page 3
Use these data to calculate a value for the enthalpy of combustion, ∆Hc , of propan-1-ol, C 3H7OH(l) +
4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) (3 marks)
(d) In an experiment 0.92 g of propan-1-ol, C3H7OH, was burned and the heat given off used to raise
the temperature of 250 g of water. The temperature rise was 16 °C. The specific heat capacity of water
is 4.2 J K-1 g-1. Calculate a value for the enthalpy of combustion of one mole of propan-1-ol.
(3 marks)
(e) Suggest why the experimental value of the enthalpy of combustion obtained in part (d) is less
reliable than the value obtained in part (c). (1 mark)
15. (a) (i) On the axes below, draw a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gas
at temperature T1 and T2 greater than T1 . Ea is the activation energy for a reaction involving this
gas. (2marks)
(ii) State the meaning of the term activation energy. (1mark)
(iii) Explain why reactions involving gases become faster as the temperature
increases. (1mark)
b) (a) The initial rate of the reaction between the gases P and Q was measured in a series of
experiments at a constant temperature and the following rate equation was determined.
rate = k[P][Q]2
(i) Complete the table of data below for the reaction between P and Q. (3marks)
(ii) Using the data from experiment 1, calculate a value for the rate constant, k, and state its units.
(3marks)
Page 4
16 (a) A polymer is formed when propane-l,3-diamine reacts with pentanedioic acid. Name the type of
polymerisation reaction which occurs and draw the structure of the repeating unit of the polymer
formed. (2 marks)
(b) The repeating unit shown below represents the polymer commonly known as poly (vinyl acetate) or
PVA.
(i) Draw the structure of the monomer which is used to make PVA. (1mark)
(ii) Draw the repeating unit of the polymer formed when PVA reacts with an excess of aqueous
sodium hydroxide. (1mark)
(c) The amino acids alanine and serine are shown below.
(i) Draw the structures of the two dipeptides formed by the reaction of alanine with
serine. (2marks)
(ii) Draw the structure of the zwitterion of serine. (1mark)
(iii) Draw the structure of the organic compound formed when alanine reacts with
methanol in the presence of a small amount of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(1mark)
(iv) Draw the structure of the organic compound formed when one molecule of serine
reacts with two molecules of ethanoyl chloride. (2marks)
17.There are trends in the properties of the elements, and of their compounds, both across periods
and down groups in the Periodic Table.
(a) There is a general increase in the values of the first ionisation energies of the Period 3 elements Na
to Ar.
(i) State the meaning of the term first ionisation energy of an element. (1 mark)
(ii) Explain this general increase in the values of the first ionisation energies. (1 mark)
(iii) Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of Al is lower than that of Mg.
(1mark)
(b) The boiling points of some hydrogen halides are shown in the table below.
Page 5
Explain, in terms of the intermolecular forces present, why
(i) The boiling point of hydrogen fluoride(HF) is much higher than those of the other hydrogen halides.
(1mark)
(ii) The boiling points increase from HCl to HI. (1mark)
(c) Write equations for the reaction of Na2O and of SO2 with water. (2marks)
(d) Write an equation for the reaction of P4O10 with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(1mark)
18. 7.00 g of an impure sample of tin were reacted with dilute HCl to convert it to Sn 2+ ions in
aqueous solution. The solution was made up to 1dm3 with distilled water. 25.0cm3 of this solution
were titrated with 0.02M of acidified KMnO4 solution. 24.00cm3 of the MnO4 - solution were needed to
react completely with 25.0cm3 of the Sn2+ (aq) .
The relevant half-equations are:
MnO4 - + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O
Sn2+ → Sn4+ + 2e
a) Write a well-balanced redox equation for the reaction between Sn2+ and acidified MnO4– .
(2marks)
b) Calculate the changes in oxidation number of manganese (Mn) in the overall redox reaction.
(2marks)
c) Calculate the number of moles of MnO4 - in 24.00 cm3 of the solution. (2marks)
d) Calculate the number of moles of Sn2+ in 25.0 cm3 of solution and hence the molar concentration of
Sn2+ . (2marks)
e) Calculate the percentage of tin in the original sample of of tin [ Ar(Sn) = 119] (2marks)
Page 6
SECTION C: THIS SECTION IS COMPULSORY/ 15MARKS
ALTERNATIVE TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
19. A student prepares a sample of sodium sulfate crystals using a titration method.
The student transfers 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol /dm3 sodium hydroxide to a conical flask and adds dilute
sulfuric acid from a burette. After each addition of sulfuric acid, the student records the pH of the
solution, measured by a pH meter.
The apparatus and table of results are shown.
(a) Plot the points on the grid. Draw a smooth curve through all of the points. Extend your line to
cross the y-axis. (5marks)
Page 7
(b) Use the graph to answer the following questions.

(i) What is the pH of 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 sodium hydroxide (1mark)
(ii) What is the pH of the solution when 15.0 cm3 of acid is added? (1mark)
(c) (i) At the end-point of the titration, the pH changes rapidly when only a small volume of acid
is added. Use your graph to suggest the pH of the solution at the end-point. (1mark)
(ii) Using your answer to (i) and your graph, what volume of acid is required to neutralise
25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 sodium hydroxide? (2marks)
(d) Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide.
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Using the equation and your answer to (c)(ii), calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid
used in the experiment. (2marks)
(e) The experiment is repeated using different masses of sodium chloride. The results are shown in
the table
(i) Plot the graph of solubility of sodium chloride(NaCl) on the grid against temperature.
(2marks)
(ii) Explain the effect of temperature on solubility. (1marks)
Good luck!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SCHOOL YEAR: 2020/2021
Page 8
SOUTHERN PROVINCE TERM III

RUHANGO DISTRICT
PROMOTION: S6
CHEMISTRY EXAMINATIONS MARKING GUIDE/100MARKS
SECTION A
1. A /1marks
2. Mr=324g/mol
% oxygen=224g*100/324g=69% /2marks
3.a) P=A-Z, P=64-29=35protons/ 2marks
b) Most of compounds of copper are in the stable oxidation state of +2 in which the 3d-orbital is
partially filled. The electrons in this 3d orbital tend to move to higher energy level and as they come
back they emit radiations falling in the visible region of the spectrum. (Blue color). /2marks
4.a) Give full marks for one difference among the following/ 2marks
Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion

1. Bigger nuclei(heavier nuclei) splits 1. Lighter nuclei fuse together to form
into smaller nuclei the heavier nuclei
2.It does not require high temperature 2. Higher temperature is required
3. A chain reaction set in 3. It is not a chain reaction
4. It can be controlled 4. Can’t be controlled
5.At the end of reaction nuclear wave is 5.No nuclear waste is left at the end of
left behind fusion reaction
b) According to decay series, elements A, Band C are represented as 228 228 224
88 A , 89 B , 87 C respectively
P=A-Z, so, A has 140protons, B has 139protons and C has 137protons. /Give 0.5 mark for a
correct number of protons
I .t.m
5.M= n . F
M . n . F 15.24∗2∗96500
I= t . m = 3600∗63.5 =12.86A/2marks
6. a) Q:CH3CH2CH2CHO(butanal) OR CH3CH(CH3)CHO (2-methyl propanal)/ 1mark
R: CH3COCH2CH3 (butanone)/1mark
b) yellow precipitate CHI3 /1mark
c) (i)P:CH3CH2CH2CH2OH OR CH3CH(CH3) CH2 OH /1mark
Page 9
(ii) Isomer of P: 2-methyl propan-2-ol /1mark
7.a) The average bond enthalpy is the amount of energy required to break a specific type of
bond. /1mark
b) ∑ (enthalpiesofbondbroken )−∑ (enthalpiesofbonsformed )

Enthalpies of bond Enthalpies of bonds
broken formed
2C-C, =2*348=696 6C=O, =6*743=4458
8C-H, =8*412=3296 8H-O, =8*463=3704
5O=O, =5*496=2480 TOTAL=8162KJ/mol
TOTAL=6472KJ/mol
Hr.= (6472-8162) KJ/mol= -1690KJ/mol/2marks
8. a) CH2=CH(CH)3CH=CH2: 2-methyl 1,3- butadiene/2marks
b) 3 /2marks
c) /2marks
d) Natural rubber is used in manufacture of :
 Rubber tubes
 Shoes soles and door stoppers /1marks for a correct use of rubber
 Rubber bands
 Rubber hoses and rubber cups
9. a)
2A(g) B(g) 5C(g)
Initial(mol/dm3) 1.5 0.7 0
Change(mol/dm3) -0.8 -0.4 2
Equilibrium(mol/dm3) 0.7 0.3 2
Kc=[C]5/[A]2[C]=(2)5/(O.7)2(0.3)=217.68mol2dm-6 /3marks
b) increasing pressure shift the equilibrium in the position where there is a big number of moles. i.e
forward reaction is favored/ 2marks
Page 10
10) a) The high specific heat of water allows it to absorb a lot of heat energy without large increase in
temperature/2marks
b) This is because alumimium reacts vigorously with alkalis like NaOH solution forming aluminate
and hydrogen gas. 2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq)+ 6H2O(l)→ 2NaAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3H2 /2marks
11. a) Buffer solution is a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its
conjugate acid which resist to the PH change when a small amount of strong acid or base is added./
1mark
b) M of C6H5COOH is 122g/mol
[Adic]=0.6/122=0.005M
[salt ] [0.02]
PH=PKa +log , PH=-log(6.3*10-5)+log , PH=4.8 /3marks
[ Acid ] [0.005]
c) i) The addition of H+ reacts with excess C6H5COO- to form C6H5COOH to maintain the equilibrium
hence the PH remains constant.
eqn: C6H5COO- + H+   C6H5COOH /1mark
ii) The addition of OH- reacts with C6H5COOH to form C6H5 COO- and water to maintain the
equilibrium hence the PH remains constant.
eqn: CH3COOH + OH-   C6H5COO- + H2O /1mark
12.a) Cl2 (g)+H2O(l) HCl(aq)+HClO(aq)
The bleaching group is HClO (aq)/2marks
b) 2Br-(aq)+Cl2(g) 2Cl-(aq)+ Br2(g)/2marks
c) Chlorine has the ability to take electrons from the other ions than bromine due to its higher
electronegetivity
13.a) i)
Fe2+ /1mark
ii) F2O /1mark
iii)Fe2+ and Cl- /2marks
b) i)emf=Ecathode – Eanode=1.52V-0.77V=0.75V /2marks
ii) Anode: Fe2+ (aq)→ Fe3+ (aq)+1e- /1mark
Page 11
Cathode: BrO3- (aq) + 12H+ (aq)+ 10e- → Br2 (aq)+6H2 O(l)/1mark
SECTION B
14
(a) Enthalpy change when 1 mole of compound is completely burned in oxygen under standard
conditions [2]
(b) C2H5OH + 3O2 Æ 2CO2 + 3H2O 1mark
(c) ΔH = Σ ΔHf products - Σ ΔHf reactants (or correct cycle)
(−393 x 3) + (−286 x 4) – (−315) = − 2011 kJmol- [3marks]
(d) Q = mcΔT 1 250 x 4.2 x 16 = 16800 J [1mark]

Moles propanol = 0.92/60 (= 0.0153) [1mark]
ΔHc = 16800/0.0153 = − 1096 kJmol−1 (allow answers in range − 1090 to − 1120 ) [1mark]
(e) Heat loss occurs in (d)/ no heat loss in (c) / incomplete combustion in (e) [1mark]
(f)
15
a) (i)
[2marks]
(i) Minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur [1mark]
(ii) More molecules have energy greater than the activation energy
Therefore there are more successful collisions [1mark]
b) (i) Expt 2 : 1.8 x 10-3 Expt 3 : 8.1 x 10-5 Expt 4 : 6.7 x 10-4 [3marks]
−3
Rate 1.8 ×10
(ii) k = = [3marks]
[ P ] [Q] (1.2 ×10−3)(2.0 ×10−3)2
2
= 3750 ml-2dm6s-1
Page 12
16
17. a)
i) Energy required to remove one electron from a gaseous atom. [1mark]

ii) Increase in number of protons/nuclear charge; Decrease in size / e- closer to nucleus
same/similar shielding / same shells [1mark]
iii) Electron removed from 3p orbital/sub-shell in Al rather than 3s in Mg; [1mark]
Or Al loses e- which is of higher energy /is further away from nucleus /is shielded by 3s
electrons;
(b) (i) HF has hydrogen bonding / allow H-bonding [1mark]
Page 13
(ii) Van der Waals’ forces / increase with size / surface area increase (HCl to HI) [1mark]
(c)Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) [1mark]
SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) [1mark]
(d) P4O10 + 12NaOH(aq) → 4Na3PO4(aq) + 6H2O(l) [1mark] (accept unbalanced equation)
18
SECTION C: 15 MARKS
19.
Page 14
a) M1 All points plotted correctly (2)

M2 Smooth curve (1)
M3 Extension of line to cross y-axis (2)
(b)(i) 13.9 (1)
(II) 13.0 (1)
C(i) 7.0 (1)
(ii) 27.5 (cm3) (2)
d) (Moles H2SO4 =) 0.0125 (2)

0.455 mol / dm3 (1)
based on 6(c)(ii) = 27.5 cm3
e) (i)
Graph - points (1), line (1)
(ii)
As temperature increases the solubility
increase (2)
Page 15

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SCHOOL YEAR: 2020/2021

SOUTHERN PROVINCE TERM III

CHEMISTRY EXAMINATIONS FOR S6 MCB, PCB, PCM, BCG /100MARKS

Section A: attempt all question 55marks

1. The ester CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions.

A) Butanoic acid and 2-methylpropan-1-ol B) Butanoic

2.Calculate the percentage composition of oxygen in hydrated sodium sulphate, Na2SO4.10H2O

a) How may protons and electron does element M has (2marks)

b) Most of the compounds of element M appear as blue in color. Explain - (2marks)

c) The reduction of Q gives a compound P

(i) Identify the compound P (1marks)

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O (g)

Bond C–C C–H O=O C=O H–O

a) Write the structure of 2-methyl 1,3 butadiene (1.5marks)

d) Give one use of rubber (1mark)

10. Explain the following observation;

b) Aluminum utensils are not washed in strong alkaline solutions (2marks)

11.a) Define the term “buffer solution” (1mark)

(i)sodium hydroxide solution (ii)hydrochloric acid (2marks)

12. Chlorine is used in the preparation of bleaching agents and iodine.

Each of the above can be reversed under suitable conditions

(b) The cell represented below was set up.

Pt|Fe2+(aq), Fe3+ (aq) || BrO3- (aq), Br2 (aq)|Pt

Section B: Attempt only three questions

14 (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion. (2 marks)

(c) The following table gives some standard enthalpies of formation.

(ii) State the meaning of the term activation energy. (1mark)

Explain, in terms of the intermolecular forces present, why

(ii) The boiling points increase from HCl to HI. (1mark)

The relevant half-equations are:

MnO4 - + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O

SECTION C: THIS SECTION IS COMPULSORY/ 15MARKS

ALTERNATIVE TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

(b) Use the graph to answer the following questions.

SOUTHERN PROVINCE TERM III

CHEMISTRY EXAMINATIONS MARKING GUIDE/100MARKS

3.a) P=A-Z, P=64-29=35protons/ 2marks

Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion

6. a) Q:CH3CH2CH2CHO(butanal) OR CH3CH(CH3)CHO (2-methyl propanal)/ 1mark

b) yellow precipitate CHI3 /1mark

c) (i)P:CH3CH2CH2CH2OH OR CH3CH(CH3) CH2 OH /1mark

(ii) Isomer of P: 2-methyl propan-2-ol /1mark

b) ∑ (enthalpiesofbondbroken )−∑ (enthalpiesofbonsformed )

Hr.= (6472-8162) KJ/mol= -1690KJ/mol/2marks

8. a) CH2=CH(CH)3CH=CH2: 2-methyl 1,3- butadiene/2marks

d) Natural rubber is used in manufacture of :

2A(g) B(g) 5C(g)

Initial(mol/dm3) 1.5 0.7 0

Change(mol/dm3) -0.8 -0.4 2

Equilibrium(mol/dm3) 0.7 0.3 2

eqn: C6H5COO- + H+   C6H5COOH /1mark

eqn: CH3COOH + OH-   C6H5COO- + H2O /1mark

12.a) Cl2 (g)+H2O(l) HCl(aq)+HClO(aq)

The bleaching group is HClO (aq)/2marks

b) 2Br-(aq)+Cl2(g) 2Cl-(aq)+ Br2(g)/2marks

ii) F2O /1mark

iii)Fe2+ and Cl- /2marks

b) i)emf=Ecathode – Eanode=1.52V-0.77V=0.75V /2marks