Ipc2006 10089
Ipc2006 10089
Ipc2006 10089
net/publication/267648445
Induction hot bending and heat treatment of 20'' API 5L X80 pipe
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IPC2006-10089
INDUCTION HOT BENDING AND HEAT TREATMENT OF 20” API 5L X80 PIPE
0.20 0.15 0.02 0.42 0.17 0.11 To evaluate the effect of the bending process on the
pipe, mechanical tests (tensile, Charpy V and
Elements (ppm) microhardness) and dimensional analysis were
undertaken. The mechanical tests were carried out
P S Sn B Ca Ni N Al
according to API 5L [4] and ASTM A 370 [5] standards.
160 20 20 3 30 200 57 350 Tensile properties were measured using transverse round
bar specimens. Impact properties were measured using
Figure 1 shows the hot bending process applied. The transverse, full size Charpy V specimens where the long
pipe end is pushed while a rotating arm guides the pipe dimension was parallel to the circumferential direction.
during the bending according to the desired bend radius, Charpy V and tensile specimens were taken from the
the other end remaining fixed. During the bending, the middle of the wall thickness. In addition, a microstructural
pipe passes through a high frequency coil that creates a analysis was performed.
concentrated magnetic field and induces an electric The purpose of this test methodology is not qualify a
potential in the pipe creating a current flow. The pipe’s bend procedure according applicable standards but to
resistance to the flow causes fast and localized heating determine the influence of the applied heating in all parts
Microstructural Evaluation
Dimensional Evaluation
O O
288 282
M M
277 265
M M
291 253
I I
290 267
I I
309 277
a) Tangent end. b) Neutral axis.
Mechanical Properties
Figure 15- Yield and tensile strength before and after heat
treatment. Ext = Extrados, Int = Intrados.
Figure 17- Vickers microhardness of the temperd pipe.
- After bending, a significant toughness improvement 2 KONDO, J. et al. The State of The Art of High Strength
can be seen in the bend region. It is related with new, Induction Bent Pipe. NKK Corporation. Eighth
small ferrite grain formation and a reduction in work Symposium on Line Pipe Research. PRCI.
hardening. Furthermore, the alloying elements such as September, 1993.
Nb and Ti precipitate as carbides and nitrides, during
induction heating and result in fine precipitates that 3 BATISTA, G. Z. et al. Induction Hot Bending of API 5L
suppress austenite grain growth. X80 Pipe. Rio Pipeline Conference & Exposition 2005.
October, 2005. (in portuguese).
- The hot bending process reduces the bend region
(extrados, intrados and neutral axis) X80 yield strength 4 Specification for Line Pipe, API Specification 5L.
resulting from the prior controlled rolling process without American Petroleum Institute, March. 2004.
accelerating cooling. The low CE level does not provide
the necessary hardenability to assure high strength after 5 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical
the quench process. The application of a cooling method Testing of Steel Products. ASTM A 370. American
from both inside and outside can minimize the yield Society for Testing and Materials. 2003.
strength reduction.
6 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Induction
- The microstructure and mechanical properties of Bends, Fittings and Flanges for Pipeline
transition zones are very similar to the original pipe. Transportation Systems - Part 1: Induction Bends. ISO
However, a greater variety of grain sizes are observed in 15590-1. International Organization for
these zones than original microstructure. Standardization. 2001.
- The X80 weld metal chemical composition is 7 Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard.
suitable for the hot bending process. This process DNV-OS-F101. Det Norske Veritas, January 2000.
improves the weld metal, HAZ and base metal toughness.
The HAZ’s of tangent end, transition zone and bend 8 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Induction
region, presents the lowest transition temperature and Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems.
hardness. The weld seam tensile strength was better ASME B16.49. American Society of Mechanical
than that of the base metal, for all regions evaluated. Engineers. 2000.