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POWER POINT PRESENTATION
FOR
CLASS X MATHEMATICS
Name: Lavesh SD
Roll NO.: 36
Class: X B
SATHEESH KUMAR K
TGT, AECS-5,MUMBAI
CHAPTER TWO
POLYNOMIALS
TOPICS
Introduction
Geometrical Meaning of the
Zeros of a Polynomial
Relationship Between Zeros
and Coefficients of a
Polynomial
Division Algorithm for
Polynomials
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Definition : An algebraic
expression is an expression
built up from constants,
variables and the algebraic
operations(addition, subtraction
multiplication and division)
for example :
x+3, 3y-8, 7x², 5xy+8z- etc
Consider the expression 5x³ - 4xyz + 8
In this expression 5x³, - 4xyz and 8 are the
terms.
Terms are added to form expressions.
Terms themselves are formed as product of
factors.
In general, any expression containing one or
more terms with non zero coefficients (and
variables with non negative integers as
exponents) is called a polynomial.
TYPES OF POLYNOMIAL(NO. OF TERMS)
A polynomial of one term is called a

monomial.
Examples: 2x, 3xyz, -5, ¾ z etc
A polynomial of two terms is called a
binomial.
Examples: 5y-3, 4z³+7, 5xyz x etc
A polynomial of three terms is called. a
trinomial
Examples:90xz+16x -¼, x-y-7,
2ax +3by xy etc
DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
The highest power of the variable in a polynomial
is the degree of the polynomial.
So, the degree of the polynomial 3x7+ 6x4- 4x +8
is 7 and the degree of the polynomial
5y6 + 9y3 10 is 6.
The degree of a non-zero constant polynomial

is zero.
TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS (DEGREE)
A polynomial of degree one is called a linear
polynomial.
Examples: 3x-5, 8x+7y-9z, ½ x-6z-
A polynomial of degree two is called a quadratic
polynomial.
Examples: 3x²-5x+4, 8xy+7y-9z, ½ x-6z²- etc
A polynomial of degree three is called a cubic
polynomial
Examples: x³+13x²-5x+14, 8xy+7y-9z³,
x-6z²-8y³
POLYNOMIALS IN ONE VARIABLE
A polynomial p(x) in one variable x is an
algebraic expression in x of the form
p(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + . . . + a2x2 + ax + a0,
where a0, a1, a2, . . ., an are constants(real
numbers) and an
a0, a1, a2, . . ., an are respectively the coefficients
of x0, x, x2, . . ., xn, and n is called the degree of
the polynomial. Each of anxn , an-1xn-1 , . . . ,a2x2 ,
ax , a0is called a term of the polynomial p(x).
In particular,
if a0= a1 = a2 = . . . = an = 0
(all the constants are zero), we get
the zero polynomial, which is
denoted by 0.
The degree of the zero
polynomial is not defined.
ZERO OF A POLYNOMIAL
a zero of a polynomial p(x) if
p(a) = 0. In this case, a is also called a root of the
equation p(x) = 0.
Every linear polynomial in one variable has a
unique zero, a non-zero constant polynomial
has no zero, and every real number is a zero of
the zero polynomial.
A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2

zeroes and a cubic polynomial can have at
most 3 zeroes
Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial
2.2 Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a

Polynomial
The linear polynomial ax + b, 0, has exactly one
zero, namely b/a the x-coordinate of the point where
the graph of y = ax + b intersects the x-axis.
.
Example : The zero of the linear polynomial
-2x +5 is 5/2 the point where the graph of the
linear equation y = -2x+ 5 meets the x axis.
Please refer the following graph.
GRAPH OF LINEAR EQUATION Y= -2X + 5
For any quadratic polynomial ax² + bx + c, 0,
the graph of the corresponding equation
y = ax² + bx + c has one of the two shapes U either
open upwards or open downwards depending on
whether a > 0 or a < 0.
These curves are called parabolas.
A parabola is a plane curve which is mirror
symmetrical and approximately U-shaped.
Please refer the foll.owing figure
The zeroes of a quadratic
polynomial ax² + bx + c, 0, are
precisely the x-coordinates of the
points where the parabola
representing y = ax² + bx + c
intersects the x-axis
We can see geometrically, from the following graphs,
that a quadratic polynomial can have either two
distinct zeroes or two equal zeroes (i.e., one zero), or no
zero. This also means that a polynomial of degree 2
has at most two zeroes
Fig- 1
In general, given a
polynomial p(x) of degree n,
the graph of y = p(x)
intersects the x-axis at at
most n points. Therefore, a
polynomial p(x) of degree n
has at most n zeroes.
2.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZEROES AND
COEFFICIENTS OF A POLYNOMIAL
Consider a quadratic polynomial,
say p(x) = 2x² 7x + 6.
Factorise quadratic polynomials by splitting the
middle term.
2x² 7x + 6 = 2x² 4x 3x + 6 = 2x(x 2) 3(x 2)
= (x 2)(2x 3)
= (x 2)(2x 3)
So, the value of p(x) = 2x² x + 6 is zero
when x 2 = 0 or 2 x 3 = 0, i.e., when
x = 2or x = 3/2. So, the zeroes of 2x² 7x + 6 are
2 and 3/2.
Observe that :
Sum of its zeroes = 2 +3/2 =7/2
Product of its zeroes = 2 X3/2 = 3 = 6/2

= (Constant term)/(coefficient of x²)
In general, if are the zeroes of the quadratic
polynomial
p(x) = ax² + bx x and x are the
factors of p(x). Therefore,
ax² + bx + c = k(x ) (x ), where k is a constant
= k[x² ( )x +
= kx² k( )x + k
Comparing the coefficients of x², x and constant terms on
both the sides, we get
a = k, b = k( ) and c = k
This gives,
- b/a
= c/a
the quadratic polynomial
p(x) = ax² + bx
= c/a

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POWER POINT PRESENTATION

A polynomial of one term is called a

The degree of a non-zero constant polynomial

A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2

2.2 Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a

Product of its zeroes = 2 X3/2 = 3 = 6/2

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