Iso 10077-1

CEN/TC 89/WG 7 N 177
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO/TC 163/SC 2 N
Date: 2014-06-16
ISO/WD 10077-1
ISO/TC 163/SC 2/WG 9
Secretariat: SIS
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of

thermal transmittance — Part 1: General
Performance thermique des fenêtres, portes et fermetures — Calcul du coefficient de transmission
thermique — Partie 1: Généralités
Warning
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Document type: International Standard

Document subtype:
Document stage: (20) Preparatory
Document language: E
STD Version 2.5a

ISO/WD 10077-1
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10077-1
Contents Page
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... v
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................... 3
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................... 3
4 Symbols and abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 4
4.1 Symbols ........................................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Subscripts ....................................................................................................................................... 4
5 Description of the method .............................................................................................................. 4
5.1 Output of the method ...................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 General description ......................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 Other general topics ........................................................................................................................ 5
6 Calculation of thermal transmittance ............................................................................................. 5
6.1 Output data ...................................................................................................................................... 5
6.2 Calculation time steps..................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Input data ......................................................................................................................................... 6
6.3.1 Geometrical characteristics ............................................................................................................ 6
6.3.2 Thermal characteristics .................................................................................................................10
6.4 Calculation procedure ....................................................................................................................12
6.4.1 Applicable timestep ........................................................................................................................12
6.4.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance ............................................................................................13
7 Report .............................................................................................................................................18
7.1 Contents of report ..........................................................................................................................18
7.2 Drawing of sections .......................................................................................................................18
Annex A (normative) Template for input data and choices ......................................................................20
A.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................20
A.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance of window or door .............................................................20
Annex B (informative) Default input data and choices .............................................................................21
B.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................21
B.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance of window or door .............................................................21
Annex C (normative) Parallel routes in normative references .................................................................22
C.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................22
Annex D (normative) Internal and external surface thermal resistances ................................................23
Annex E (normative) Thermal conductivity of glass ................................................................................24
Annex F (normative) Thermal resistance of air spaces between glazing and thermal
transmittance of coupled, double or triple glazing .......................................................................25
Annex G (normative) Thermal transmittance of frames ...........................................................................28
G.1 General............................................................................................................................................28
G.2 Plastic frames .................................................................................................................................29
G.3 Wood frames ..................................................................................................................................29
G.4 Metal frames ...................................................................................................................................31
Annex H (normative) Linear thermal transmittance of frame/glazing junction .......................................35
H.1 General............................................................................................................................................35
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/WD 10077-1
H.2 Aluminium and steel spacers ........................................................................................................ 35

H.3 Thermally improved spacers ......................................................................................................... 35
Annex I (normative) Thermal transmittance of windows ......................................................................... 37
Annex J (informative) Additional thermal resistance for windows with closed shutters ....................... 42
Annex K (informative) Permeability of shutters ....................................................................................... 44
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................ 46
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10077-1
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10077-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, and by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of
buildings and building components in collaboration.
This edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10077-1:2006), including corrigendum …..2009.The
necessary editorial revisions were made to comply with the requirements for the EPB set of standards.
In addition, the following clauses and subclauses of the previous version have been technically revised:
…...
ISO 10077 consists of the following parts, under the general title Thermal performance of windows, doors and
shutters — Calculation of thermal transmittance:
 Part 1: General
 Part [n]:
 Part [n+1]:
 Part 1: General
 Part 2: Numerical method for frames
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v

ISO/WD 10077-1
Introduction
This Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonisation of the methodology for the
assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called "EPB set of standards".
As part of the "EPB set of standards" it complies with the requirements for the set of basic EPB documents
(EN 15603 (see Normative references), CEN/TS 16628 and CEN/TS 16629 (see bibliography [1] and [2])
developed under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade
Association (Mandate M/480), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2010/31/EC on the energy
performance of buildings (EPBD).
Where appropriate, the method(s) in each of the EPB standards may provide simplified procedures and/or
default values as alternative options.
 Without further specification, these simplified procedures and/or default values may be used without
restricting criteria.
NOTE 1 For instance because these are conservative procedures or values.
NOTE 2 The term 'default values' should not be confused with 'informative values'. If the values are given in the
normative part of the standard, they are normative values. See also next options.
 In other cases, these simplified procedures and/or default values may be intended to be used only for
situations where there is limited information. This may be the case in existing buildings with limited
possibilities to acquire all input data. In particular when the EPB set of standards is used in the context of
national or regional building regulations, specific criteria when the simplified method and/or default data
are allowed, may be given at national or regional level, following the template in Annex A. Annex B
provides (informative) default choices.
The set of EPB standards prepared under the responsibility of ISO/TC 163/SC 2 (Thermal performance and
energy use in the built environment, Calculation methods) in collaboration with CEN/TC 89 range from
calculation procedures on the overall energy use and energy performance of buildings, calculation procedures
on the indoor temperature in buildings (e.g. in case of no space heating or cooling) and calculation methods
covering the performance and thermal, hygrothermal, solar and visual characteristics of specific parts of the
building and specific building elements and components, such as opaque envelope elements, ground floor,
windows and facades. ISO/TC 163/SC 2 cooperates with other TC's for the details on e.g. appliances,
technical building systems and indoor environment.
The calculation method described in this part of ISO 10077 is used to evaluate the thermal transmittance of
windows and doors, or as part of the determination of the energy use of a building.
An alternative to calculation is testing of the complete window or door according to ISO 12567-1 or, for roof
windows, according to ISO 12567-2.
The calculation is based on four component parts of the overall thermal transmittance:
 for elements containing glazing, the thermal transmittance of the glazing, calculated using EN 673 or
measured according to EN 674 or EN 675;
 for elements containing opaque panels, the thermal transmittance of the opaque panels, calculated
according to ISO 6946 and/or ISO 10211 (all parts) or measured according to ISO 8301 or ISO 8202;
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10077-1
 thermal transmittance of the frame, calculated using ISO 10077-2, measured according to EN 12412-2, or
taken from Annex D of this part of ISO 10077;
 linear thermal transmittance of the frame/glazing junction, calculated according to ISO 10077-2 or taken
from Annex E of this part of ISO 10077.
The thermal transmittance of curtain walling can be calculated using ISO 12631.
EN 13241-1 gives procedures applicable to doors intended to provide access for goods and vehicles.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved vii

WORKING DRAFT ISO/WD 10077-1
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters —

Calculation of thermal transmittance — Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10077 specifies methods for the calculation of the thermal transmittance of windows and
pedestrian doors consisting of glazed and/or or opaque panels fitted in a frame, with and without shutters.
This part of ISO 10077 allows for
 different types of glazing (glass or plastic; single or multiple glazing; with or without low emissivity
coatings, and with spaces filled with air or other gases);
 opaque panels within the window or door;
 various types of frames (wood, plastic, metallic with and without thermal barrier, metallic with pinpoint
metallic connections or any combination of materials);
 where appropriate, the additional thermal resistance introduced by different types of closed shutter,
depending on their air permeability.
The thermal transmittance of roof windows and other projecting windows can be calculated according to this
part of ISO 10077, provided that the thermal transmittance of their frame sections is determined by
measurement or by numerical calculation.
Default values for glazing, frames and shutters are given in the annexes. Thermal bridge effects at the rebate
or joint between the window or door frame and the rest of the building envelope are excluded from the
calculation.
The calculation does not include
 effects of solar radiation (see standards under M2-8),
 heat transfer caused by air leakage (see standards under M2-6),
 calculation of condensation,
 ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows,
 surrounding parts of an oriel window.
The part of ISO 10077 does not apply to
 curtain walls and other structural glazing (see other standards under M2-5),
 industrial, commercial and garage doors.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/WD 10077-1
Figure 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the EPB package of standards.
Technical
Building
Overarching Building
(as such)
Systems
Building automation
Domestic Hot water
Dehumidification
Humidification
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
Sub-module
PV, wind, ..
Ventilation
& control
Lighting
Cooling
Heating
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11

1 General General General
Common terms
and definitions; Building
2 symbols, units Energy Needs
Needs
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum
Conditions
3 Applications
without
Load and
Power
Systems
Ways to Ways to
Ways to Express
Express Express
4 Energy
Energy Energy
Performance
Performance Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
Functions and Emission &
5 Building
by
control
Transmission
Boundaries
Building
Heat Transfer
Occupancy and Distribution &
6 Operating
by Infiltration
control
and Ventilation
Conditions
Aggregation of
Energy Services Internal Heat Storage &
7 and Energy Gains control
Carriers
Building Solar Heat Generation &
8 Partitioning Gains control
Load
Calculated Building
dispatching
9 Energy Dynamics
and operating
Performance (thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured
Measured Energy
10 Performance
Energy Energy
Performance Performance
11 Inspection Inspection Inspection
Ways to Express
12 Indoor Comfort
BMS
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic
14 Calculation
Figure 1 — Position of this standard in the modular structure
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO/WD 10077-1
2 Normative references
To be updated?
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation method
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 10077-2, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of thermal transmittance —
Part 2: Numerical method for frames
ISO 10211 (all parts), Thermal bridges in building construction — Heat flows and surface temperatures —
Detailed calculations
ISO 12567-2, Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of thermal transmittance by hot
box method — Part 2: Roof windows and other projecting windows
EN 673, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Calculation method
EN 674, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Guarded hot plate method
EN 675, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Heat flow meter method
EN 12412-2, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Determination of thermal transmittance
by hot box method — Part 2: Frames
FprEN 15603:2014 , Energy performance of buildings – Overarching standard EPB
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 673 and ISO 7345 apply.
In Clause 6 of this part of ISO 10077, descriptions are given of a number of geometrical characteristics of
glazing and frame.

ISO/WD 10077-1
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this Standard, the symbols given in FprEN 15603:2014 and the specific symbols listed in
Table 1 apply
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit

A area m2
R thermal resistance m2⋅K/W
U thermal transmittance W/(m2⋅K)
b width m
d distance, thickness m
l length m
q density of heat flow rate W/m2
Ψ linear thermal transmittance W/(m⋅K)
λ thermal conductivity W/(m⋅K)
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this standard, the subscripts given in prEN 15603:2013 and the specific subscripts listed
in Table 2 apply.
Table 1 — Subscripts
D door i internal
W window j summation index
WS window with closed shutter p panel (opaque)
d developed s space (air or gas space)
e external se external surface
f frame sh shutter
g glazing si internal surface
gb Georgian bar
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output of the method
The output of this standard is the thermal transmittance of windows and pedestrian doors consisting of glazed
and/or or opaque panels fitted in a frame, with and without shutters:
Depending on the type of product or assembly:
 The thermal transmittance of a single window, UW,

ISO/WD 10077-1
 The thermal transmittance, UW , of a system consisting of two separate windows
 The thermal transmittance, UW, of a system consisting of one frame and two separate sashes or
casements
 The thermal transmittance of a window with closed shutters, UWS.
 The thermal transmittance, UD, of a door set of which the door leaf is fully glazed, or if the door consists
of frame, glazing and opaque panels, or if the door has no glazing.
5.2 General description
In general, the thermal transmittance or U-value of the window or door product or assembly is calculated as a
function of the thermal transmittance of the components and their geometrical characteristics, plus the thermal
interactions between the components.
 The calculation procedures depend on the composition of the product or assembly.
 Components may include (where appropriate): glazings, opaque panels, frames, closed shutters.
 Thermal interactions are lateral heat flow (linear thermal bridge effect) between adjacent components and
surface and cavity thermal resistances (thermal radiation and convection).
 The geometrical characteristics concern the sizes and positions of the components and the tilt angle of
the window or door.
5.3 Other general topics
Results obtained for the purposes of comparison of products (declared values) shall be calculated or
measured for horizontal heat flow.
6 Calculation of thermal transmittance
6.1 Output data
The output of this standard are transmission heat transfer coefficients.
Table 2 — Output data
Description Symbol Unit Destination Validity Varying

module interval
2
Thermal UW W/(m K) M2-2, M2-3, 0…∞ NO
transmittance M2-4
of window
2
Thermal UD W/(m K) M2-2, M2-3, 0…∞ NO
transmittance M2-4
of door
2
Thermal UWS W/(m K) M2-2, M2-3, 0…∞ NO

ISO/WD 10077-1
transmittance M2-4
of window
with closed
shutter
6.2 Calculation time steps
The input, the method and the output data are for steady state conditions and assumed to be independent of
actual conditions, such as indoor and outdoor temperature or effect of wind or solar radiation.
6.3 Input data
6.3.1 Geometrical characteristics
6.3.1.1 General
Table 3 – Identifiers for geometric characteristics
Origin
Name Symbol Unit Range Varying
Module
Geometrical data
Window or door
Window area AW m
2
0...∞ product or NO
a)
assembly
Window or door
Door area AD m
2
a)
assembly
Window or door
Glazed area Ag m
2
a)
assembly
Window or door
Frame area Af m
2
a)
assembly
Window or door
Opaque panel area Ap m
2
a)
assembly
Window or door NO
Total perimeter of the glazing lg m 0...∞ product or
a)
assembly
Window or door NO
Total perimeter of the panel lp m 0...∞ product or
a)
assembly
Window or door NO
Total length of the georgian bar lgb m 0...∞ product or
a)
assembly
a): According to specifications given in 6.3.3.2 - 6.3.3.5

ISO/WD 10077-1
6.3.1.2 Glazed area, opaque panel area
The glazed area, Ag, or the opaque panel area, Ap, of a window or door is the smaller of the visible areas seen
from both sides; see Figure 1. Any overlapping of gaskets is ignored.
6.3.1.3 Total visible perimeter of the glazing
The total perimeter of the glazing, lg, (or the opaque panel, lp) is the sum of the visible perimeter of the glass
panes (or opaque panels) in the window or door. If the perimeters are different on either side of the pane or
panel, then the larger of the two shall be used; see Figure 1.
Key
1 glass
Figure 2 — Illustration of glazed area and perimeter
6.3.1.4 Frame areas
For the definition of the areas, see also Figure 3.
Af,i Internal projected frame area:
The internal projected frame area is the area of the projection of the internal frame, including sashes if
present, on a plane parallel to the glazing panel.
Af,e External projected frame area:
The external projected frame area is the area of the projection of the external frame, including sashes if
present, on a plane parallel to the glazing panel.
Af Frame area:
The frame area is the larger of the two projected areas seen from both sides.
Af,di Internal developed frame area:
The internal developed frame area is the area of the frame, including sashes if present, in contact with
the internal air (see Figure 2).
Af,de External developed frame area:
The external developed frame area is the area of the frame, including sashes if present, in contact with
the external air (see Figure 2).

ISO/WD 10077-1
Key
1 frame
2 glazing
a Internal.
b External.
Figure 2 — Internal and external developed area
6.3.1.5 Window area and door area
The window area, Aw, or the door area, AD Ais the sum of the frame area, Af, and the glazing area, Ag, (or the
panel area, Ap).
The frame area and the glazed area are defined by the edge of the frame, i.e. sealing gaskets are ignored for
the purposes of determination of the areas.
Window or door dimensions (height, width, frame width and frame thickness) shall be determined to the
nearest millimetre.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Key
1 sash (moveable)
2 frame (fixed)
a Internal.
b External.
Af = max (Af,i; Af,e)
Aw = Af + Ag
Af,di = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
Af,de = A5 + A6 + A7 + A8
NOTE 1 The frame area, Af, includes the area of the fixed frame together with that of any moveable sash or casement.
NOTE 2 Drip trays and similar protuberances are not considered part of the developed area.
Figure 3 — Illustration of the various areas

ISO/WD 10077-1
6.3.2 Thermal characteristics
6.3.2.1 General
Table 4 – Identifiers for thermal characteristics of the window/door component
Name Symbol Unit Range Origin Varying

EN 12412-2 or
2
Thermal transmittance of frame Uf W/(m .K) 0...∞ ISO 10077-2 or NO
Annex
2
Thermal transmittance of glazing Ug W/(m .K) 0...∞ 1) in Table C.1 NO
Linear thermal transmittance due to Annex H or

combined effect of glazing, spacer and Ψg W/(m.K) 0...∞ NO
frame ISO 10077-2
ISO 6946 or
Thermal transmittance of opaque Up 2 EN 12664/EN12667
W/(m .K) 0...∞ NO
panel or
ISO 10211
Linear thermal transmittance due to
combined effect of panel, spacer and Ψp W/(m.K) 0...∞ ISO 10077-2 NO
frame
Linear thermal transmittance due to
combined effect of Georgian bar and Ψgb W/(m.K) 0...∞ ISO 10077-2 NO
glazing
6.3.2.2 Frame
The thermal transmittance of the frame, Uf, shall be determined with the glazing replaced with a material of
thermal conductivity not exceeding 0,04 W/(m⋅K), by hot box measurement in accordance with EN 12412-4 or Kommentar [01]: Should be deleted. EN
numerical calculation in accordance with ISO 10077-2. 12412-2 states clearly how the Uf value has to be
determined
Uf for roof windows shall be either
 calculated in accordance with ISO 10077-2, or
 measured in accordance with EN 12412-2 with specimens mounted within the aperture in the surround
panel flush with the cold side, in accordance with in ISO 12567-2.
For other windows, Uf shall be
 calculated in accordance with ISO 10077-2, or
 measured in accordance with EN 12412-2, or
 obtained from Annex D.

ISO/WD 10077-1
6.3.2.3 Glazing
The thermal transmittance of the single and laminated glazing, Ug, shall be calculated using Equation (5).
1
Ug = (5)
dj
Rse + ∑λj + Rsi
j
where
Rse is the external surface resistance;
λj is the thermal conductivity of glass or material layer j,
dj is the thickness of the glass pane or material layer j;
Rsi is the internal surface resistance.
In the absence of specific information for the glass concerned the value λ = 1,0 W/(m⋅K) shall be used.
The thermal transmittance of multiple glazing, Ug, shall be determined in accordance with 1) in Table C.1 or
by means of Equation (6):
1
Ug = (6)
dj
Rse + ∑λj ∑ + Rs,j + Rsi
j j
where
Rse is the external surface resistance;
λj is the thermal conductivity of glass or material layer j;
dj is the thickness of the glass pane or material layers j;
Rsi is the internal surface resistance;
Rs,j is the thermal resistance of air space j. Kommentar [02]: Necessary?

Propose to delete that because it is not
clear how Rsj is determined
6.3.2.4 Panel / Door leaves
The thermal transmittance of panels or opaque door leaves excluding the frame and without inhomogeneities
(having different layers only perpendicular to the heat flow direction) can be measured in the heat-flow meter
apparatus in accordance with ISO 8301 or in the guarded hot-plate apparatus, in accordance with ISO 8302.
Alternatively, EN 12664 or EN 12667 may be used. Equation (9) is used to calculate the thermal transmittance
of the door set, with Ag = 0.
Alternatively, the thermal transmittance of door leaves can be calculated in accordance with ISO 6946
provided that the ratio of the thermal conductivities of any two different materials in the door does not
exceed 1:5 (screws, nails, and so on are excluded); this method includes the calculation of the maximum
relative error which should be less than 10 %.

ISO/WD 10077-1
If the maximum relative error is higher than 10 % or the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the different
materials is greater than 1:5, a numerical calculation in accordance with ISO 10077-2 and/or ISO 10211-2
shall be carried out.
6.3.2.5 Linear thermal transmittance
Both Uf and Ug thus exclude the thermal interaction between the frame and the glazing (or opaque panel),
which is taken into account by the linear thermal transmittance, Ψg and/or Ψp, either tabulated in this part of
ISO 10077 or obtained by numerical calculations in accordance with ISO 10077-2 or by measurement in
accordance with EN 12412-2. Kommentar [03]: Should be deleted. EN
12412-2 does not give a method to measure the
psi value!!
In the case of single glazing the linear thermal transmittance of the glazing, Ψg, shall be taken as zero (no
spacer effect) because any correction is negligible.
Ψp may be taken as zero if
 the internal and external facings of the panel are of material with thermal conductivity less than
0,5 W/(m⋅K), and
 the thermal conductivity of any bridging material at the edges of the panel is less than 0,5 W/(m⋅K).
In other cases, Ψp shall be calculated in accordance with ISO 10077-2.
6.3.2.5.1 Other topics
Other values used in the basic equations can be obtained from Annex B and ISO 10456, calculated by means Kommentar [DvD4]: "Other values" of what??
of ISO 6946, measured as given in ISO 8301 or ISO 8302, or measured as given in EN 12664[1] or Kommentar [DvD5]: ???
EN 12667[2].
Kommentar [06]: Proposal: Paragraph should
be deleted.
Design values shall be determined for the actual position and boundary conditions, by including the effect of
the inclination of the window in the determination of Ug. However, the Uf and Ψg and/or Ψp as determined for Kommentar [DvD7]: Should the statement in
5.3 not be in the same paragraph as this
the window in the vertical position are used for all inclinations of the window. statement?!
Kommentar [DvD8]: Shall we add that it is up
If measured or calculated data are not available, the values in Annexes D to J may be used. to the application standards to decide whether or
not the actual position is to be taken into
If the results are to be used for comparison of the performance of different windows, the sources of the account? (with default: the window in the vertical
position)
numerical values of each parameter shall be identical for each door or window included in the comparison.
6.4 Calculation procedure
6.4.1 Applicable timestep
The thermal transmittance of a windows or door determined according to this standard is a steady state
property which can also be used as input for dynamic (e.g. hourly) building calculations, because the time
constant of these types of building elements are negligible compared to many opaque elements.
However, depending on the type of product or assembly, some properties and consequently the calculated
thermal transmittance, may be affected by the boundary conditions. The procedure whether and how this has
to be taken into account is given in the standards that use the output from this standard as input.
Also, some products or assemblies may be used in different modes of operation: parts that are opened,
moved or removed as function of time or conditions. The output may be different per mode of operation.

ISO/WD 10077-1
NOTE A work item proposal on the modes of operation of building elements is in preparation.
6.4.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance
6.4.2.1 Windows
6.4.2.1.1 Single windows
Key
1 frame (fixed)
2 sash (moveable)
3 glazing (single or multiple)
Figure 3 — Illustration of single window
The thermal transmittance of a single window, UW, shall be calculated using Equation (1):
UW =
∑AU g g + ∑ A f U f + ∑ l g Ψg + ∑ l gb Ψgb
(1)
A f + Ag
where
Ug is the thermal transmittance of the glazing, obtained in accordance with Table C.1;
Uf is the thermal transmittance of the frame, obtained in accordance with 6.3.2;
Ψg is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of glazing, spacer and frame,
obtained in accordance with 6.3.2;
Ψgb is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of glazing and Georgian bar,
obtained in accordance with 6.3.2; Kommentar [09]: Necessary?
Already defined in Chapter 6.3.2
and the other symbols are defined in Clause 6.3. The summations included in Equation (1) are used to allow
Also other equations should be treated
for different parts of the glazing or frame, e.g. several values of Af are needed when different values of Uf same way.
apply to the sill, head, jambs and dividers.
When there are both opaque panels and glazed panes, UW, is calculated using Equation (2):

ISO/WD 10077-1
UW =
∑AUg g + ∑ A f U f + ∑ ApU p + ∑ l g Ψg + ∑ l p Ψ p + ∑ l gb Ψgb
(2)
A f + Ag + Ap
where
Ug is the thermal transmittance of the glazing, obtained in accordance with Table C.1;
Uf is the thermal transmittance of the frame, obtained in accordance with 6.3.2;
Up is the thermal transmittance of the panel, obtained in accordance with 6.3.2;
Ψg is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of glazing, spacer and frame,
Ψp is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of panel, spacer and frame,
Ψgb is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of glazing and Georgian bar,
6.4.2.1.2 Double windows
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 frame (fixed)
2 sash (moveable)
a Internal.
b External.
Figure 4 — Illustration of double window

ISO/WD 10077-1
The thermal transmittance, UW, of a system consisting of two separate windows shall be calculated using
Equation (3).
1
UW = (3)
1/ U W 1 − Rsi + Rs − Rse + 1/ U W 2
where
UW1, UW2 are the thermal transmittances of the external and internal window, respectively, calculated
according to Equation (1);
Rsi is the internal surface resistance of the external window when used alone;
Rse is the external surface resistance of the internal window when used alone;
Rs is the thermal resistance of the space between the glazing in the two windows.
NOTE Typical values of Rsi and Rse are given in Annex D and of Rs, in Annex F.
If either of the gaps shown in Figure 5 exceeds 3 mm and measures have not been taken to prevent
excessive air exchange with external air, the method does not apply.
6.4.2.1.3 Coupled windows
Key
a Internal.
b External.
Figure 5 — Illustration of coupled windows
The thermal transmittance, UW, of a system consisting of one frame and two separate sashes or casements
shall be calculated using Equation (1). To determine the thermal transmittance, Ug, of the combined glazing
Equation (4) shall be used:
1
Ug = (4)
1 / U g1 − Rsi + Rs − Rse + 1 / U g2
where

ISO/WD 10077-1
Ug1, Ug2 are the thermal transmittances of the external and internal glazing; respectively, obtained in
accordance with 1) in Table C.1;
Rsi is the internal surface resistance of the external glazing when used alone;
Rse is the external surface resistance of the internal glazing when used alone;
Rs is the thermal resistance of the space between the internal and external glazing.
NOTE Values of Rsi and Rse are given in Annex D and of Rs, in Annex F.
If the gap exceeds 3 mm and measures have not been taken to prevent excessive air exchange with external
air, the method does not apply.
6.4.2.2 Windows with closed shutters
A shutter on the outside of a window introduces an additional thermal resistance, resulting from both the air
layer enclosed between the shutter and the window, and the shutter itself (see Figure 7). The thermal
transmittance of a window with closed shutters, UWS, is given by Equation (7):
1
U WS = (7)
1/U W + ∆R
where
UW is the thermal transmittance of the window, obtained according to (1), (2) or (3)… etc;
∆R is the additional thermal resistance due to the air layer enclosed between the shutter and the
window and the closed shutter itself (see Figure 7).
Key
1 shutter
a Internal.
b External.
Figure 6 — Window with external shutter

ISO/WD 10077-1
∆R depends on the thermal transmission properties of the shutter and on its air permeability and shall be
evaluated according to EN 13125.
6.4.2.3 Doors
6.4.2.3.1 Fully glazed doors
Key
1 frame (fixed)
2 sash (moveable)
Figure 7 — Illustration of door with glazing
The thermal transmittance, UD, of a door set of which the door leaf is fully glazed is obtained using
Equation (8).
UD =
∑ A g U g + ∑ A f U f + ∑ l gΨ g (8)
∑ Ag + ∑ Af
where
Af, Ag and lg are defined in Clause 4;
Ug is the thermal transmittance of the glazing, obtained in accordance with Table C.1,
Uf is the thermal transmittance of the frame;
Ψg is the linear thermal transmittance due to the combined thermal effects of glazing spacer
and frame.

ISO/WD 10077-1
6.4.2.3.2 Doors containing glazing and opaque panels
Key
1 frame (fixed)
2 sash (moveable)
3 opaque panel
Figure 8 — Schematic illustration of door with opaque panel
If the door consists of frame, glazing and opaque panels, then Equation (9) shall be used:
UD =
∑ A g U g + ∑ A p U p + ∑ A f U f + ∑ l gΨ g + ∑ l p Ψ p (9)
∑ A g + ∑ Ap + ∑ A f
where
Ap and lp are defined in Clause 6.3.1;
Up is the thermal transmittance of the opaque panel(s);
Ψp is the linear thermal transmittance for opaque panels.
7 Report
7.1 Contents of report
The calculation report shall include the following:
 reference to this part of ISO 10077;
 identification of the organization making the calculation;
 date of calculation;
 items listed in 7.2, 7.2.1.1 and 7.2.1.2.
7.2 Drawing of sections
A technical drawing (preferably on a scale of 1:1) giving the sections of all the different frame parts permitting
verification of relevant details such as the following:
 thickness, height, position, type and number of thermal breaks (for metallic frames);

ISO/WD 10077-1
 number and thickness of air chambers (for plastic frames and metal frames where air cavities are
associated with a thermal break);
 presence and position of metal stiffening (for plastic frames only);
 thickness of wooden frames and the thickness of plastic and PUR–frame (polyurethane) material;
 thickness of gas spaces, the identification of the gas and the percentage assured to be present;
 type of glass and its thickness or its thermal properties and emissivity of its surfaces;
 thickness and description of any opaque panels in the frame;
 internal projected frame area, Af,i, and the external projected frame area, Af,e;
 internal developed frame area, Ad,i, and the external developed frame area, Ad,e (only for metallic
frames);
 position of the glass spacers or of the edge stiffening for opaque panels;
 description of any shutters.
In the case of metallic frames with pin-point connections, the distance between the pinpoints shall be clearly
indicated.
7.2.1.1 Drawing of the whole window or door
A drawing of the whole window or door (seen from inside) with the following information:
 glazed area, Ag, and/or opaque panel area, Ap;
 frame area, Af;
 perimeter length, lg, of the glazing and/or lp of the opaque panels.
7.2.1.2 Values used in the calculation
The origin of the values used in the calculations shall be indicated.
a) If the annexes are used, this shall be clearly stated and reference shall be made to the tables in the
annexes.
b) If other sources are used to determine one or more of the Ug, Uf or Ψ values, the sources shall be given.
It shall be ascertained that these other sources use the same definitions of the areas, Ag and Af, and of
the perimeter lengths, lg and lp.
c) If a glazing not covered by the table in the Annex C is used, a detailed calculation following EN 673 shall
be given. Kommentar [010]: Proposal: Delete.
Not necessary
7.2.1.3 Presentation of results
The thermal transmittance of the window or door, calculated according to this part of ISO 10077 shall be given
to two significant figures.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex A
(normative)
Template for input data and choices
A.1 Introduction
For the correct use of this standard the template given in this Annex shall be used to specify the choices
between methods and the required input data.
NOTE 1 Default choices are provided in the informative Annex B.
NOTE 2 Following this template is necessary but not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may
be given at national or regional level for such specific applications.
NOTE 3 In particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements.
These choices (either the default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national/regional needs), but in any case
following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as National Annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document.
A.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance of window or door

NOTE Currently, in this standard, there are no choices between methods and the required input data
foreseen that are to be kept open for completion as explained in A.1. To satisfy the need for congruence with
all other EPB standards and to make explicitly clear that in this standard there are no choices kept open,
Annex A and Annex B are kept.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex B
(informative)
Default input data and choices
B.1 Introduction
NOTE See introduction to Annex A.
B.2 Calculation of thermal transmittance of window or door

NOTE See Note in A.1.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex C
(normative)
Parallel routes in normative references
C.1 Introduction
This International Standard contains specific parallel routes in referencing other International Standards, in
order to take into account existing national and/or regional regulations and/or legal environments while
maintaining global relevance.
The standards that shall be used as called for in the successive clauses are given in Table C.1.
In the case of EN ISO standards, where there is a difference between the ISO and the EN ISO version, the
EN ISO version shall be used within the CEN area.
Table C.1 — Normative references
Reference Subject CEN area a Elsewhere
1) Thermal transmission:
- glazing EN 673 ISO 10292
EN 674 ISO 10291
EN 675 ISO 10293
a CEN area = Countries whose national standards body is a member of CEN. Attention
is drawn to the need for observance of EU Directives transposed into national legal
requirements. Existing national regulations with or without reference to national standards
may restrict, for the time being, the implementation of European standards

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex D
(normative)
Internal and external surface thermal resistances
For typical normal emissivities (≥ 0,8) for the inside and outside surfaces of the glazing, the following values
for the surface resistances Rse and Rsi shall be used.
Table D.1 — Surface thermal resistances
Window position Internal External

Rsi Rse
m2⋅K/W m2⋅K/W
Vertical, or inclination, α, of the glazing to

the horizontal such that
0,13 0,04
90° ≥ α ≥ 60°
(heat flow direction ± 30° from the
horizontal plane)
Horizontal, or inclination α of the glazing to
the horizontal such that
0,10 0,04
60° > α ≥ 0°
(heat flow direction more than 30° from the
horizontal plane)
Rsi for special cases, for example a low-emissivity coating on the outer surface of the interior pane, can be
calculated in accordance with EN 673 or ISO 10292 (see Table C.1), using the convective coefficient from
ISO 6946 for horizontal heat flow if α > 60° and for upwards heat flow if α  60°.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex E
(normative)
Thermal conductivity of glass
Copied from ISO 10077-1:2006, Annex B:
In the absence of specific information for the glass concerned the value λ = 1,0 W/(m⋅K) shall be used. Kommentar [011]: Proposal: Delete Annex E
and move the info to input data (done).

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex F
(normative)
Thermal resistance of air spaces between glazing and thermal

transmittance of coupled, double or triple glazing
Table F.1 gives some values of the thermal resistance, Rs, of air spaces for double glazing, calculated in
accordance with EN 673. The data apply
 for vertical windows,
 for spaces filled with air,
 with both sides uncoated or with one side coated with a low-emissivity layer,
 for a mean temperature of the glazing of 283 K and a temperature difference of 15 K between the two
outer glazing surfaces.
For triple glazing, or for inclination other than vertical, the procedure in EN 673 or ISO 10292 (see Table C.1)
should be used.
Table F.1 — Thermal resistance of unventilated air spaces for coupled and double vertical windows
Thermal resistance
Rs
Thickness m2⋅K/W
of air space
One side coated with Both sides
a normal emissivity of uncoated
mm 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,8
6 0,211 0,191 0,163 0,132 0,127
9 0,299 0,259 0,211 0,162 0,154
12 0,377 0,316 0,247 0,182 0,173
15 0,447 0,364 0,276 0,197 0,186
50 0,406 0,336 0,260 0,189 0,179
For wider air layers like in double windows or doors the calculation according to EN 673 does not lead to
correct results. For such cases more detailed equations are given in ISO 15099[8], or numerical calculation
methods or measurements can be used.
Table F.2 gives the thermal transmittance, Ug, of double and triple glazing filled with different gases,
calculated in accordance with EN 673. The values of the thermal transmittance in the table apply to the
emissivities and gas concentration given. For individual glazing units, the emissivity and/or gas concentrations
can change with time. Procedures for evaluating the effect of ageing on the thermal properties of glazed units
are given in EN 1279-1[12] and EN 1279-3[13]. Kommentar [012]: Move to TR

ISO/WD 10077-1
Table F.2 — Thermal transmittance of double and triple glazing filled

with different gases for vertical glazing
Thermal transmittance for different types of gas space a
Glazing Ug
Normal Dimensions
Type Glass Air Argon Krypton SF6b Xenon
emissivity mm
4-6-4 3,3 3,0 2,8 3,0 2,6
Uncoated 4-8-4 3,1 2,9 2,7 3,1 2,6
glass (normal 0,89 4-12-4 2,8 2,7 2,6 3,1 2,6
glass) 4-16-4 2,7 2,6 2,6 3,1 2,6
4-20-4 2,7 2,6 2,6 3,1 2,6
4-6-4 2,7 2,3 1,9 2,3 1,6
4-8-4 2,4 2,1 1,7 2,4 1,6
One pane
 0,2 4-12-4 2,0 1,8 1,6 2,4 1,6
coated glass
4-16-4 1,8 1,6 1,6 2,5 1,6
4-20-4 1,8 1,7 1,6 2,5 1,7
4-6-4 2,6 2,3 1,8 2,2 1,5
4-8-4 2,3 2,0 1,6 2,3 1,4
Double One pane
 0,15 4-12-4 1,9 1,6 1,5 2,3 1,5
glazing coated glass
4-16-4 1,7 1,5 1,5 2,4 1,5
4-20-4 1,7 1,5 1,5 2,4 1,5
4-6-4 2,6 2,2 1,7 2,1 1,4
4-8-4 2,2 1,9 1,4 2,2 1,3
One pane
 0,1 4-12-4 1,8 1,5 1,3 2,3 1,3
coated glass
4-16-4 1,6 1,4 1,3 2,3 1,4
4-20-4 1,6 1,4 1,4 2,3 1,4
4-6-4 2,5 2,1 1,5 2,0 1,2
4-8-4 2,1 1,7 1,3 2,1 1,1
One pane
 0,05 4-12-4 1,7 1,3 1,1 2,1 1,2
coated glass
4-16-4 1,4 1,2 1,2 2,2 1,2
4-20-4 1,5 1,2 1,2 2,2 1,2
Uncoated 4-6-4-6-4 2,3 2,1 1,8 1,9 1,7
(normal) 0,89 4-8-4-8-4 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,9 1,6
glass 4-12-4-12-4 1,9 1,8 1,6 2,0 1,6
4-6-4-6-4 1,8 1,5 1,1 1,3 0,9
Two panes
 0,2 4-8-4-8-4 1,5 1,3 1,0 1,3 0,8
coated
4-12-4-12-4 1,2 1,0 0,8 1,3 0,8
4-6-4-6-4 1,7 1,4 1,1 1,2 0,9
Triple Two panes
 0,15 4-8-4-8-4 1,5 1,2 0,9 1,2 0,8
glazing coated
4-12-4-12-4 1,2 1,0 0,7 1,3 0,7
4-6-4-6-4 1,7 1,3 1,0 1,1 0,8
Two panes
 0,1 4-8-4-8-4 1,4 1,1 0,8 1,1 0,7
coated
4-12-4-12-4 1,1 0,9 0,6 1,2 0,6
4-6-4-6-4 1,6 1,2 0,9 1,1 0,7
Two panes
 0,05 4-8-4-8-4 1,3 1,0 0,7 1,1 0,5
coated
4-12-4-12-4 1,0 0,8 0,5 1,1 0,5
NOTE The values of thermal transmittance in the table were calculated using EN 673. They apply to the emissivities
and gas concentration given. For individual glazing units the emissivity and/or gas concentrations can change with time.
Procedures for evaluating the effect of ageing on the thermal properties of glazed units are given in EN 1279-1[12] and
EN 1279-3[13].

ISO/WD 10077-1
a Gas concentration  90 %.
b The use of SF6 is prohibited in some jurisdictions.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex G
(normative)
Thermal transmittance of frames
G.1 General
The preferred methods of establishing values of thermal transmittance of frames are numerical calculation
methods (e.g. finite element, finite difference, boundary element) in accordance with ISO 10077-2 and direct
measurements using hot-box methods in accordance with EN 12412-2.
If no other information is available, the values derived from the tables and graphs in this annex can be used Kommentar [DvD13]:
for vertical windows in the calculations for the corresponding frame types. General for all EPB standards:
how we can make more clear when this is
acceptable and when not.
All values given in this annex refer to the vertical position only. Typical values for common types of frames are
given in Table G.1 and Figures G.2 and G.4, which can be used in the absence of specific measured or
calculated information for the frame concerned.
They are based on a large number of measured values as well as mathematically evaluated values
determined using numerical calculation methods. Kommentar [DvD14]: This is typically a NOTE
The data in Table G.1 and Figure G.2 include the effect of the developed areas; the data in Figure G.4 are
derived from surface temperature measurements and a correction id required for the effect of developed
areas.
The values of Uf in Table G.1 and Figures G.2 and G.4 cannot be used for sliding windows but the principle of
Equation (1) can be used.
Future development should not be impeded by tabulated Uf values. Values for frames that are not described
in the tables should be determined by measurements or calculations. Kommentar [DvD15]: This is perhaps better
suited as a NOTE?!
Especially in the case of aluminium profiles with thermal breaks, there is the problem that the thermal
transmittance of the frame is influenced by different construction characteristics, such as
 distance, d, between the aluminium sections,
 width, b, of the material of the thermal break zones,
 conductivity of the thermal break material,
 ratio of the width of the thermal break to the projected frame width.
A thermal break can be considered as such only if it completely separates the metal sections on the cold side
from the metal sections on the warm side.
The values in this annex are based on Rsi = 0,13 m2⋅K/W and Rse = 0,04 m2⋅K/W.
It is common practice to produce “profile systems” comprising a large number of different frames, having a
wide range of geometric shapes but having similar thermal properties. This is because in these groups of
frames, the important parameters, such as the size, material and design of the thermal break, are the same.
The thermal transmittance of a profile or profile combination of a “profile system” can be evaluated by
 using the highest value of Uf of the profiles or profile combinations within the profile system, or

ISO/WD 10077-1
 using trend lines that show the relationship between Uf and defined geometrical characteristics.
In the latter case, the data points for the trend line are evaluated on selected profile cross-sections, taken from
the profile system in question. Detailed procedures are described in References [6], [7] and [8].
G.2 Plastic frames

Table G.1 gives approximate values for plastic frames with metal reinforcements. If no other data are
available, the values in Table G.1 can also be used for frames without metal reinforcements.
Table G.1 — Thermal transmittances for plastic frames with metal reinforcements
Uf
Frame material Frame type
W/(m2⋅K)
with metal core
Polyurethane 2,8
thickness of PUR  5 mm
two hollow chambers
2,2
external internal
PVC-hollow profiles a
three hollow chambers
2,0
external internal
a With a distance between wall surfaces of each hollow chamber of at least 5 mm (refer to Figure G.1).
Figure G.1 — Hollow chamber in plastic frame
Other plastic profile sections should be measured or calculated.
G.3 Wood frames

Values for wood frames can be taken from Figure G.2. For Uf, the values correspond to a moisture content of
12 %. For definition of the thickness of the frame, see Figure G.3.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Key
X thickness of frame, df, expressed in millimetres
Y thermal transmittance of frame, Uf, in W/(m2⋅K)
1 hardwood (density 700 kg/m3), λ = 0,18 W/(m⋅K)

2 softwood (density 500 kg/m3), λ = 0,13 W/(m⋅K)
Figure G.2 — Thermal transmittances for wooden frames and metal-wood frames (see Figure G.3)
depending on the frame thickness, df

ISO/WD 10077-1
internal: right-hand
side of frame section
d1 + d 2
df =
2
external: left-hand side

of frame section
a) Wood b) Metal-wood c) Metal-wood
d1 + ∑ dj
j 2
df =
2
d) Wood e) Wood f) Metal-wood
Key
1 sash
2 frame
Figure G.3 — Definition of the thickness, df, of the frame for various window systems
G.4 Metal frames

The thermal transmittance of metal frames can be determined by measurement using hot box methods in
accordance with EN 12412-2 or by numerical calculation in accordance with ISO 10077-2. Values obtained by
such methods should be used when available, in preference to the method given in this annex.

ISO/WD 10077-1
If such data are not available, values of Uf can be obtained by the following procedure:
 metal frames without a thermal break,
 metal frames with thermal breaks corresponding to the sections illustrated in Figures G.5 and G.6, subject
to restrictions on the thermal conductivity and widths of the thermal breaks.
For metal frames without a thermal break, Rf = 0.
For metal frames with thermal breaks, take Rf from the lower, solid line in Figure G.4.
Key
X smallest distance, d, between opposite metal sections, expressed in millimetres
Y thermal resistance, Rf, of frame, expressed in m2⋅K/W
a The shaded area indicates the range of values obtained from many measurements on frames carried out in several
European countries, derived from the surface temperature difference across the frame.
Figure G.4 — Values of Rf for metal frames with thermal break

ISO/WD 10077-1
The thermal transmittance, Uf, of the frame is given by Equation (G.1):
1
Uf = (G.1)
Rsi A f ,i / A f ,di + R f + Rse A f ,e / A f ,de
where
Af,di, Af,de, Af,i, Af,e are the areas as defined in Clause 6.3, expressed in square metres;
Rsi is the appropriate internal surface resistance of the frame, in m 2⋅K/W;
Rse is the appropriate external surface resistance of the frame, in m 2⋅K/W;
Rf is the thermal resistance of the frame section, in m2⋅K/W.
Thermal conductivity, λ, of thermal break

materials such that
0,2 < λ  0,3 W/(m⋅K)
where
d is the smallest distance between
opposite aluminium sections of the
thermal break;
bj is the width of thermal break j;
bf is the width of the frame.
∑bj
j ≤ 0,2b f
Figure G.5 — Section type 1 — Thermal break with a thermal conductivity less than 0,3 W/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity, λ, of thermal break

materials such that
0,1 < λ  0,2 W/(m⋅K)
where
d is the smallest distance between
opposite aluminium sections of the
thermal break;
bj is the width of thermal break j;
bf is the width of the frame.
∑bj
j ≤ 0,3b f
Figure G.6 — Section type 2 — Thermal break with a thermal conductivity less than 0,2 W/(m⋅K)
If the thermal conductivity of the thermal break material is less than 0,1 W/(m⋅K), there is no restriction
according to the definition in Figure G.6.

ISO/WD 10077-1

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex H
(normative)
Linear thermal transmittance of frame/glazing junction
H.1 General
The thermal transmittance of the glazing, Ug, is applicable to the central area of the glazing and does not
include the effect of the glass spacers at the edge of the glazing. On the other hand, the thermal transmittance
of the frame, Uf, is applicable in the absence of the glazing. The linear thermal transmittance, Ψg, describes
the additional heat conduction due to the interaction between frame, glazing and spacer, and is affected by
the thermal properties of each of these components.
The preferred method of establishing values of linear thermal transmittance is by numerical calculation in
accordance with ISO 10077-2. H.2 and H.3 give default values of Ψg for typical combinations of frames,
glazing and spacers that can be used when the results of a detailed calculation are not available.
NOTE For single glazing, Ψg = 0.
H.2 Aluminium and steel spacers

Table H.1 indicates values of Ψg for glass spacers of aluminium or non-alloy steel for a specific range of types
of frames and glazing.
Table H.1 — Values of linear thermal transmittance for common types of glazing spacer bars
(e.g. aluminium or steel)
Linear thermal transmittance for different types of glazing

Ψg
Frame type Double or triple glazing Double a or triple b glazing
uncoated glass low-emissivity glass
air- or gas-filled air- or gas-filled
Wood or PVC 0,06 0,08

Metal with a thermal break 0,08 0,11
Metal without a thermal break 0,02 0,05
a One pane coated for double glazed.
b Two panes coated for triple glazed.
H.3 Thermally improved spacers

For the purposes of this annex, a thermally improved spacer is defined by the following criterion in
Equation (H.1):
∑ (d ⋅ λ ) ≤ 0,007 W / K (H.1)
where
d is the thickness of the spacer wall, expressed in metres;

ISO/WD 10077-1
λ is the thermal conductivity of the spacer material, in W/(m⋅K).
The summation applies to all heat flow paths parallel to the principal heat flow direction, the thickness, d,
being measured perpendicular to the principal heat flow direction; see Figure H.1. Values of thermal
conductivity for spacer materials should be taken from ISO 10456 or ISO 10077-2.
Where the criterion in Equation (H.1) is not applicable because of the nature of the construction of the spacer,
for example, where one or more of the heat flow paths comprises a combination of materials of different
thermal conductivity, the linear thermal transmittance should be calculated in accordance with ISO 10077-2.
a) Hollow spacer b) solid spacer

∑ ( d × λ )=2 ( d 1 × λ1 ) + ( d 2 × λ 2 ) ∑ ( d × λ ) = d1 × λ1
Figure H.1 —Examples of determination of criterion for thermally improved spacers
Table H.2 gives values for thermally improved spacers that conform with the criterion in Equation (H.1).
Table H.2 — Values of linear thermal transmittance for glazing spacer bars
with improved thermal performance
Linear thermal transmittance for different types of glazing

with improved thermal performance
Ψg
Frame type
Double or triple glazing Double a or triple b glazing
uncoated glass low emissivity glass
air- or gas-filled air- or gas-filled
Wood or PVC 0,05 0,06

Metal with a thermal break 0,06 0,08
Metal without a thermal break 0,01 0,04
a One pane coated for double glazed.
b Two panes coated for triple glazed.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex I
(normative)
Thermal transmittance of windows
Tables I.1 and I.2 give values calculated by the method in this part of ISO 10077 using linear thermal
transmittances from Annex E for normal types of glazing spacer bars (see Table H.1). Tables I.3 and I.4 give
corresponding values for spacer bars with improved thermal performance (see Table H.2).
The data in Tables I.1 to I.4 are calculated for windows
 positioned vertically,
 of dimensions 1,23 m by 1,48 m,
 with frame area equal to 30 % and 20 % of the total window area,
 with glazing and frame types as follows:
 glazing: Ug 2,1: uncoated glass; Ug ≤ 2,0: low emissivity glass,
 frame: Uf = 7,0: metal without thermal break; 2,2 ≤ Uf ≤ 3,8: metal with thermal break; Uf ≤ 2,0: wood
or PVC,
 with a single light.
Values for windows of other sizes, positioned other than vertically, with other frame area fractions or with other
frame/glazing permutations can be evaluated by means of the equations in the main part of this part of
ISO 10077.
Table I.1 — Thermal transmittances, Uw, for vertical windows with fraction of the frame area 30 %
of the whole window area, common types of glazing spacer bars
Values in W/(m2⋅K)
Thermal transmittances, Uw, for vertical windows with fraction of the frame area
Type of 30 % of the whole window area for common types of glazing spacer bars and
Ug
glazing following Uf values
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,6 3,0 3,4 3,8 7,0
Single 5,7 4,2 4,3 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,5 4,6 4,6 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 6,1
3,3 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 4,5
3,2 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,5 3,6 4,4
3,1 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,3 3,4 3,5 4,3
3,0 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 4,2
Double or triple 2,9 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,4 4,2
2,8 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,1 3,2 3,3 4,1
2,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 4,0
2,6 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,9 3,0 3,2 4,0
2,5 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,1 3,9

ISO/WD 10077-1
2,4 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,8
2,3 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,4 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,8
2,2 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,6 2,8 2,9 3,7
2,1 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,6 2,7 2,8 3,6
2,0 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 3,6
1,9 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,7 3,6
1,8 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,6 2,7 3,5
1,7 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,4
1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 3,3
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,5 3,3
1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 3,2
1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 3,1
1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,3 3,1
1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,2 3,0
1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,9
0,9 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,9
0,8 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 2,8
0,7 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,7
0,6 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,7
0,5 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 2,6
Table I.2 — Thermal transmittances, Uw, for vertical windows with fraction of the frame area 20 % of
the whole window area, common types of glazing spacer bars
Type of 20 % of the whole window area for common types of glazing spacer bars and
Ug
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,6 3,0 3,4 3,8 7,0
Single 5,7 4,7 4,8 4,8 4,8 4,9 4,9 5,0 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,2 5,3 6,0
3,3 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,5 3,6 4,1
3,2 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,5 4,0
3,1 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,9
3,0 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,9
2,9 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,8
Double or triple
2,8 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,7
2,7 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,6
2,6 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,5
2,5 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,5 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,5
2,4 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,4 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,4

ISO/WD 10077-1
2,3 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,4 2,7 2,7 2,8 3,3
2,2 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,6 2,7 2,7 3,2
2,1 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,2 2,5 2,6 2,7 3,1
2,0 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 3,1
1,9 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,1
1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,5 3,0
1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,9
1,6 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,8
1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,7
1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,7 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,7
1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,6
1,2 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,5
1,1 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,4
1,0 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,3
0,9 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,3
0,8 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 2,2
0,7 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 2,1
0,6 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 2,0
0,5 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,9
the whole window area, glazing spacer bars with improved thermal performance
Type of 30 %, spacer bars with improved thermal performance, and
Ug
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,6 3,0 3,4 3,8 7,0
Single 5,7 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 4,5 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,1 6,1
3,3 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,4 3,5 3,6 4,4
3,2 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 4,4
3,1 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,5 4,3
3,0 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,3 3,4 4,2
2,9 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,8 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 4,2
2,8 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 4,1
Double or triple
2,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,1 3,2 4,0
2,6 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,9
2,5 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,9
2,4 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,8
2,3 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,7
2,2 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,6 2,7 2,8 3,7

ISO/WD 10077-1
2,1 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,2 2,5 2,6 2,8 3,6
2,0 1,8 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 3,6
1,9 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,7 3,5
1,8 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,5
1,7 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 3,4
1,6 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,5 3,3
1,5 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,4 3,2
1,4 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 3,2
1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 3,1
1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,2 3,0
1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,9 2,0 2,1 3,0
1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,9
0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,0 2,8
0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,8
0,7 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,7
0,6 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,8 2,6
0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,7 2,5
the whole window area, glazing spacer bars with improved thermal performance
Type of 20 %, spacer bars with improved thermal performance, and
Ug
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,6 3,0 3,4 3,8 7,0
Single 5,7 4,7 4,8 4,8 4,8 4,9 4,9 5,0 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,2 5,3 6,0
3,3 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 4,1
3,2 2,9 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 4,0
3,1 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,9
3,0 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,3 3,8
2,9 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,7
2,8 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,7
2,7 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,6
Double or triple
2,6 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,5
2,5 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,4
2,4 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,4 2,7 2,8 2,8 3,3
2,3 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,7 2,8 3,3
2,2 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,5 2,6 2,7 3,2
2,1 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,2 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,1
2,0 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 3,1

ISO/WD 10077-1
1,9 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,5 3,0
1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,9
1,7 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,9
1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,8
1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,7
1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,6
1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,0 2,5
1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,5
1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,4
1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,3
0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 2,2
0,8 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 2,1
0,7 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 2,1
0,6 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 2,0
0,5 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,9

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex J
(informative)
Additional thermal resistance for windows with closed shutters Kommentar [016]: Proposal:Delete Annex J,
EN 13125 is dealing with the add. thermal
resistance of of shutters. Table J.2 could be
transfered to TR for info.
Or deleted completely: Issue is addressed in EN
13125
When the thermal resistance of the shutter itself, Rsh, is known (by calculation or by measurement), the
additional thermal resistance, ∆R, can be obtained using the appropriate expression in Table G.1, depending
on the air permeability of the shutter (see Annex H).
Table J.1 — Additional thermal resistance for windows with closed shutters
Additional thermal resistance

Air permeability of shutter a ∆R
m2⋅K/W
Very high 0,08
High 0,25 Rsh + 0,09
Average 0,55 Rsh + 0,11
Low 0,80 Rsh + 0,14
Tight 0,95 Rsh + 0,17
a The definition of the air permeability of shutters is given in Annex H.
Average air permeability applies typically to solid wing shutters, wooden venetian shutters with solid
overlapping slats, roller shutters with connecting slats made of wood, plastic or metal.
Table G.2 gives some typical values of shutter thermal resistance and the corresponding values of ∆R, which
can be used in the absence of values of Rsh obtained from measurement or calculation.
Table J.2 — Additional thermal resistance for windows with closed shutters
Typical thermal Additional thermal resistances

resistance of shutter at specific air permeability of the shutters a
Shutter type
Rsh ∆R
m2⋅K/W m2⋅K/W
High or very high Average Tight or low
air permeability air permeability air permeability
Roller shutters of 0,01 0,09 0,12 0,15

aluminium
wood and plastic
without foam filling
plastic with foam filling
Shutters of wood, 0,20 0,14 0,22 0,30
25 mm to 30 mm
thickness
a The definition of the air permeability of shutters is given in Annex H.

ISO/WD 10077-1

ISO/WD 10077-1
Annex K
(informative)
Permeability of shutters Kommentar [017]: Proposal:Delete Annex K,

EN 13125 is dealing with the permebilty of
shutters
For the different types of shutter, the permeability criterion can be expressed in terms of an effective total gap,
bsh, between the shutter and its surround as given in Equation (H.1):
b sh = b1 + b 2 + b3 (H.1)
where b1, b2 and b3 are the average edge gaps at the bottom, top and side on the shutter (see Figure H.1).
b3 is included for one side only, since gaps at the side influence the permeability less than the gaps at the top
and bottom.
Key
1 shutter
a Internal.
b External.
Figure K.1 — Definition of edge gaps

ISO/WD 10077-1
Table K.1 — Relationship between permeability and effective total edge gap between
shutter and its surround
bsh
Class Air permeability of shutter
mm
1 Very high bsh  35
2 High 15  bsh < 35
3 Average 8  bsh < 15
4 Low bsh  8
5 Tight bsh  3 and b1 + b3 = 0 or b2 + b3 = 0
NOTE 1 For permeability classes 2 and above, there should be no openings within the shutter itself.
NOTE 2 For shutters of permeability class 5 the following criteria apply:
a) roller shutters:
The edge gaps at the sides and the bottom are considered equal to 0 if strip gaskets are supplied in
the guide rails and the final lath, respectively. The gap at the top is considered equal to 0 if the
entrance to the roller shutter box is fitted with lips or brush-type joints on both sides of the shutter, or
if the end of the shutter is pressed by a device (spring) against a sealing material at the inner surface
of the outer side of the roller shutter box.
b) other shutters:
Effective presence of strip gaskets on three sides and the gap at the fourth side less than 3 mm.
An alternative method to establish that a shutter is class 5 is to verify by measurement that the air flow
through the shutter does not exceed 10 m3/(h⋅m2) under a pressure drop of 10 Pa.

ISO/WD 10077-1
Bibliography
[1] prCEN/TS 16628, Energy Performance of Buildings — Basic principles for the set of EPB standards (in
preparation)
[2] prCEN/TS 16629, Energy Performance of Buildings — Detailed technical rules for the set of EPB
standards (in preparation)
[3] ISO/TR 52022-2, Energy performance of buildings (EPB) – Energy performance of buildings - Building
and Building Elements - Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building components and elements –
Part 2: Explanation and justification (in preparation)
DvD expects that some of these will become normative, see DvD's comments in the (informative) annexes.
The others should move to the accompanying technical report.
[4] EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal
resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Dry and moist products of
medium and low thermal resistance
[5] EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal
resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Products of high and
medium thermal resistance
[6] ift Guideline WA-01engl/2, Uf-values for thermal break metal profiles of window systems, ift
Rosenheim, February 2005
[7] ift Guideline WA-02engl/3, Uf-values for PVC profile sections of window systems, ift Rosenheim,
February 2005
[8] ift Guideline WA-03engl/3, Uf-values for thermal break metal profile of facade systems, ift Rosenheim,
February 2005
[9] ISO 12567-1 Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination of thermal transmittance
by hot box method — Part 1: Complete windows and doors
[10] ISO 15099, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
[11] ISO 12631, Thermal performance of curtain walling — Calculation of thermal transmittance
[12] EN 13241-1, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates — Product standard — Part 1:
Products without fire resistance or smoke control characteristics
[13] ISO 10456:— 1 ), Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design
values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values
[14] EN 1279-1, Glass in building — Insulating glass units — Part 1: Generalities, dimensional tolerances
and rules for the system description
[15] EN 1279-3, Glass in building — Insulating glass units — Part 3: Long term test method and
requirements for gas leakage rate and for gas concentration tolerances
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 10456:1999)

Iso 10077-1

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Iso 10077-1

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CEN/TC 89/WG 7 N 177

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ISO/TC 163/SC 2/WG 9

Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of

Document type: International Standard

STD Version 2.5a

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H.2 Aluminium and steel spacers ........................................................................................................ 35

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 Part 2: Numerical method for frames

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NOTE 1 For instance because these are conservative procedures or values.

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Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters —

This part of ISO 10077 allows for

 opaque panels within the window or door;

The calculation does not include

 effects of solar radiation (see standards under M2-8),

 heat transfer caused by air leakage (see standards under M2-6),

 ventilation of air spaces in double and coupled windows,

 surrounding parts of an oriel window.

The part of ISO 10077 does not apply to

 industrial, commercial and garage doors.

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sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11

Figure 1 — Position of this standard in the modular structure

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ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions

EN 673, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Calculation method

FprEN 15603:2014 , Energy performance of buildings – Overarching standard EPB

3 Terms and definitions

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4 Symbols and abbreviations

Table 1 — Symbols and units

Symbol Name of quantity Unit

5 Description of the method

5.1 Output of the method

Depending on the type of product or assembly:

 The thermal transmittance of a single window, UW,

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 The thermal transmittance, UW , of a system consisting of two separate windows

 The thermal transmittance of a window with closed shutters, UWS.

5.2 General description

 The calculation procedures depend on the composition of the product or assembly.

5.3 Other general topics

6 Calculation of thermal transmittance

6.1 Output data

The output of this standard are transmission heat transfer coefficients.

Table 2 — Output data

Description Symbol Unit Destination Validity Varying

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6.2 Calculation time steps

6.3 Input data

6.3.1 Geometrical characteristics

Table 3 – Identifiers for geometric characteristics

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6.3.1.2 Glazed area, opaque panel area

6.3.1.3 Total visible perimeter of the glazing

Figure 2 — Illustration of glazed area and perimeter

6.3.1.4 Frame areas

For the definition of the areas, see also Figure 3.

Af,i Internal projected frame area:

Af,e External projected frame area:

Af,di Internal developed frame area:

Af,de External developed frame area:

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Figure 2 — Internal and external developed area

6.3.1.5 Window area and door area

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Figure 3 — Illustration of the various areas

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6.3.2 Thermal characteristics

Table 4 – Identifiers for thermal characteristics of the window/door component