No.

of Printed Pages : 16 BMTE-141

B. A./B. SC. (GENERAL)
(BAG/BSCG)
Term-End Examination
June, 2023
BMTE-141 : LINEAR ALGEBRA

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : (i) There are eight questions in this paper.

(ii) The eighth question is compulsory.

(iii) Do any six questions from Question No.

1 to Question No. 7.

(iv) Use of calculator is not allowed.

(v) Do your rough work in a clearly

identifiable part of the bottom of the
same page or in the side of the page only.

1. (a) Define the adjoint of a matrix. Write down

the adjoint of the matrix : 2
1 i 1  i 
 i 2i i 


P. T. O.
 [2] BMTE-141

(b) Check whether the set of vectors :

i  k i  2j  k i  j  k 
 , , 
 2 6 3 

is an orthonormal set. 3

(c) Let A   a, b, 0  | a, b  R and

B  x, 0, y  | x, y  R . Prove that

A + B = R3 . Is R3 a direct sum of A and

B ? Justify your answer. 3

(d) Is the matrix :

1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0

in Row Reduced Echelon form ? Is it in

Row Reduced form ? Justify your answer.
If it is not in Row Reduced Echelon form,
use row operations to reduce it to Row
Reduced Echelon form. 3

(e) Find the coordinates of the polynomial

2x 2  x  1 with respect to the ordered


basis x , x 2 ,1  x  x 2 .  2
 [3] BMTE-141

(f) Let A be a 4 × 3 matrix. Write down the

elementary matrices with which, when we
multiply A on the left, will perform the
following row operations on A : 2

(i) R1  R3

(ii) R2  R2  3R4

2. (a) Use Row Reduction to find the rank and

the nullity of the matrix : 5

1 1 1 0
2 3 4 1
3 5 7 2
1 2 3 1

(b) Check whether the following system of

equations can be solved using Cramer’s
rule : 5
2x  2 y  z  7

x  3y  z  9

x  yz 1

If yes, then solve the system of equations

using Cramer’s rule. If no, then solve the
system of equations using Gaussian
Elimination.

P. T. O.
 [4] BMTE-141

(c) Suppose U and W are subspaces of V,

dim (U) = 6, dim W = 3, dim (V) = 7. Find
the possible values of dim (U  W). 3
(d) State the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for
inner product spaces. Verify the inequality
u = 1, i, i  , v  1, 1  i, 0  C3 . 2

3. (a) Find the rank and signature for each of the

forms :
x12  x22  x42 and x12  x22  x32  x42 .

Are these forms equivalent ? Justify your

answer. 3
(b) Check whether or not the matrix :
 1 0 1 
A   4 1 5 
 2 1 1 

is diagonalisable. If it is, find a matrix

P and a diagonal matrix D such that
PAP–1 = D. 8

(c) For x   x1 , x2 , x3  , y   y1 , y2 , y3   R3
define , : R3  R3  R by :

x , y  x1 y1  2x2 y2  x3 y3 .

Check whether , defines an inner

product on R3 . 4
 [5] BMTE-141

4. (a) Using row reduction, find the inverse of the

following matrix : 6
 1 1 1 
 1 1 1
 
 1 1 2 

(b) Find the orthogonal canonical reduction of

the quadratic form : 9

x 2  y2  z 2  2xy  2xz  2 yz .

Also, find its principal axes.

5. (a) Prove that the set :

W  x1 , x2 , x3 , x4  | x1  x2  2x3 

is a subsapce of R4 . Find a basis of W.

Also, find the dimension of W. 5

(b) Let T : R3  R3 be the linear

transformation defined by :
T  x , y, z    2x  y  z, x  y, x  z 

Find the matrix of the transformation with

respect to the ordered basis v1 , v2 , v3  ,
where v1  1,1,1  , v2  1,1, 0  and

v3  1, 0, 0  . Is T invertible ? Justify your

answer. 5

P. T. O.
 [6] BMTE-141

(c) Let T = R4  R4 be defined by :

T  x1 , x2 , x3 , x4    x2 , x1 , x4 , x3 

Check that T4 = I. Also, find the minimal

polynomial of T. 5

6. (a) Consider the operator T : C4  C4 , defined

by :

T  z1 , z2 , z3 , z4    iz2 , iz1 , iz4 , z3 

Find T*  w1 , w2 , w3 , w4  , where

wi  C i  1, 2, 3, 4 and check whether

T is self-adjoint under the standard inner

product on C4 . Further, check whether T is

unitary. 6

(b) Let P4 be the vector space over R of the set

of all polynomials of degree at most four.

Show that 1  x  x 4 and 1  x 3  P4 are

linearly independent. Find a basis of P4

that contains the polynomials 1  x  x 4

and 1  x 3 . 4
 [7] BMTE-141

(c) Consider Mn  C  as a vector space over R .

Let V1 be the subspace of n  n Hermitian

matrices and V2 be the subspace of n  n
skew-Hermitian matrices. Show that
V1  V2  Mn  C  . Is Mn  C   V1  V2 ?

Justify your answer. 5

7. (a) The following equation gives the reaction

of metallic tin with concentrated nitric
acid :

Sn  HNO3  H2SnO3  NO2  H2O

Balance the chemical equation by

formulating a suitable linear system of
equations and solving it. (Sn – Chemical
symbol for tin). 8

(b) Let T : R2  R3 be defined by

T  x , y    x , y, x  y  and S : R3  R2 be

defined by S  x , y, z    x  z, y  z  . Let

B1 and B2 be the standard bases of R2 and

R3 , respectively. Check that

 T  S  BB22   T  B1 .  S  B2 .
B
2
B
1
7

P. T. O.
 [8] BMTE-141

8. Which of the following statements are true and

which are false ? Justify your answer with
short proof or a counter-example : 10

(a) Similar matrices have the same

characteristic polynomial.

(b) If S and T are n  n square matrices :

rank (S + T) = rank (S) + rank (T).

(c) If A is a square matrix such that A2  A ,

then zero is an eigen value of A.

(d) There exist vectors u and v in an inner

product space such that :

u  2, v  7, u  v  8 and u  v  6 .

(e) If v1 , v2 , v3  is a linearly independent set,

then v1 , v1  v2 , v1  v3  is also a linearly

independent set.
 [9] BMTE-141

BMTE-141

2023
-141

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

1 i 1  i 
 i 2i i 


P. T. O.
 [ 10 ] BMTE-141

i  k i  2j  k i  j  k 
 , , 
 2 6 3 

A   a, b, 0  | a, b  R
B  x, 0, y  | x, y  R
A  B  R3 R3 A B

1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0

]
 [ 11 ] BMTE-141

 x, x 2 ,1  x  x 2 
2x 2  x  1

A 43
A
A

(i) R1  R3

(ii) R2  R2  3R4

1 1 1 0
2 3 4 1
3 5 7 2
1 2 3 1

2x  2 y  z  7
x  3y  z  9
x  yz 1

]
]

P. T. O.
 [ 12 ] BMTE-141

U W] V

 U   6, W  3 ]
V  7  U  W

u  1, i, i  ,

v  1, 1  i, 0   C3

x12  x22  x42 x12  x22  x32  x42

 1 0 1 
A   4 1 5 
 2 1 1 

]
P D

PAP1  D
 [ 13 ] BMTE-141

x   x1 , x2 , x3  ] y   y1 , y2 , y3   R3

, R3  R3  R ]

x , y  x1 y1  2x2 y2  x3 y3

, R3

 1 1 1 
 1 1 1
 
 1 1 2 

x 2  y2  z 2  2xy  2xz  2 yz

W  x1 , x2 , x3 , x4  | x1  x2  2x3 

R4 W

P. T. O.
 [ 14 ] BMTE-141

T : R3  R3

T  x , y, z    2x  y  z, x  y, x  z 

v1 , v2 , v3 
T ]
v1  1,1,1  , v2  1,1, 0 

v3  1, 0, 0  T

T :R4  R4

T  x1 , x2 , x3 , x4    x2 , x1 , x4 , x3 

T4  I

T : C4  C4

T  z1 , z2 , z3 , z4    iz2 , iz1 , iz4 , z3 

T *  w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 

] i  1, 2, 3, 4 wi  C ]

C4

T
 [ 15 ] BMTE-141

P4 , R

1  x  x4 1  x 3  P4
P4 1  x  x4
1  x3

Mn  C  R
V1 n  n
V2 nn

Mn  C  = V1  V2
Mn  C   V1  V2

Sn  HNO3  H2SnO3  NO2  H2O

Sn

P. T. O.
 [ 16 ] BMTE-141

T : R2  R3
T  x , y    x , y, x  y 
S : R3  R2
S  x , y, z    x  z, y  z 
B1 B2 R2 R3

 T  S  BB22   T  BB12 .  S  BB12

S T nn
S + T  S  T
A
A2  A ] A
u
v u  2, v  7 ]
uv  8 uv  6
v1 , v2 , v3  ]
v1 , v1  v2 , v1  v3 

BMTE–141 5,670