Dia 2 Colegio de Ingenieros Del Perú - Capacitacíon Tecnica - PQ - R0
Dia 2 Colegio de Ingenieros Del Perú - Capacitacíon Tecnica - PQ - R0
Dia 2 Colegio de Ingenieros Del Perú - Capacitacíon Tecnica - PQ - R0
Generation
Consumers
Transmission
Changing
Aging Energy trading Reversible
regulations grid
infrastructure between regions power flow
code compliance
Thermal limit
100%
Our solutions are deployed worldwide to ensure
Transmission capacity
reliable power supplies and to ride-through
contingencies. Series Compensation
increase power transfer
capacity with no 50%
compromise on grid
reliability and stability
– Blackout – Overvoltage
Voltage
– Congestion – Power oscillation
– Contingencies – Reverse power flow With FACTS device
– Flicker – Sensitive loads
Dynamic Shunt
– Generation loss – Voltage collapse
Compensation
Improving power quality
– Harmonics – Voltage unbalance
delivers increased productivity Without FACTS device
and reliability
Time, s
Փ1 Transmission/Distribution Փ2
Generation U U2 Consumption
1 Series Capacitor
SVC or
STATCOM
Active Power Transferred
U1 U2
P= .Sin (Փ1 – Փ
2
)
Xline– Xcapacitor
Concept of Active Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, and Power Factor.
Potencia
Aparente
(VA)
Potencia
Reativa
Q
(VAr)
P
Potencia Ativa
(W)
MW MVar MW MVar
• Synchronous generators provided Inertia and Strength • Decommission of conventional power plants (less synchronous generators)
Need of Inertia
• Frequency support for power imbalances
• Energy stored in the synchronous generators rotating mass
• Less synchronous generators → Lower inertia → Grid susceptible to freq.
variations
• Damp of RoCoF (Rate of Change of Frequency)
Use of Converters
• No inertia contribution.
• Non or low short circuit current contribution
MiniCap
Synchronous Condenser ‒ Distribution level (up to 36 kV)
‒ Increase of short circuit power solution for series compensation
‒ Increased network inertia
‒ Voltage fluctuation damping
(+/- Mvar control)
converter
3 MVAr up to 20 MVAr 20 MVAr up to 40 MVAr 40 MVAr up to 125 MVAr 100 MVAr up to 425 MVAr
Industrial Applications Utilities tried SVC for High Power Turn-Off Voltage Collapse
Distribution Voltage “everything” Semiconductors Applications (115-380kV)
SVC topology: TCR + Filters Applications at 765 kV Commercialization of Renewable Applications
TCR+TSC+Filters STATCOM based on two- and Railway Applications
2”/2kV thyristors three-level converters
4”/5-6kV thyristors Digital Controls
Underinvestment in
transmission Advanced Control Features
SVC Light® technology STATCOM and Hybrid SVC -
based on Chain-Link
converters
1. Power Transformer
8
2. TCR Reactor
9 3. TSC Capacitor
1
4
2 4. TSC Reactor
3
5. HF Capacitors
6. HF Reactors
7 7. HF Resistors
8. Thyristor Valve
Control Room
6
6
9. Cooling System
(refrigeration
5 tower).
5
MV bus
ITCR ITSC
Ifilters
VI Characteristic ∆𝑉 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉 + 𝑋𝑠 ∙ 𝐼
V SVC
1.0
Network
Characteristics
I
1.0 Capacitive Output 0 Inductive Output 1.0
34 © 2021 Hitachi Energy. All rights reserved.
Power quality solutions – SVC Industry
Difficult Load
• Electric Arc Furnace
• Ladle Furnace
• Mine Hoists
Causes
• Poor Voltage Quality
• Low Power Factor
• Harmonics
• Flicker
Critical Critical
Load Load
Filters
50 Mvar
TCR Filters
100 Mvar 100 Mvar VSC
50 Mvar
Add a picture
3 MVAr up to 20 MVAr 20 MVAr up to 40 MVAr 40 MVAr up to 125 MVAr 100 MVAr up to 425 MVAr
Water cooling
unit
Control cabinet
Auxiliary power
cabinet
Precharger
Transformer precharger UPS
Hp-filter
1. Power Transformers
2. Voltage Transformer
3. HP-filter (if required)
4. Charging Circuit
5. Phase Reactor
6. Electronic Current Transducer
7. Voltage Source Converter
1. Power Transformers
2. Voltage Transformer
3. HP-filter (if required)
4. Charging Circuit
5. Phase Reactor
6. Electronic Current Transducer
7. Voltage Source Converter
1. Power Transformers
2. Voltage Transformer
3. HP-filter (if required)
4. Charging Circuit
5. Phase Reactor
6. Electronic Current Transducer
7. Voltage Source Converter
1. Power Transformers
2. Voltage Transformer
3. HP-filter (if required)
4. Charging Circuit
5. Phase Reactor
6. Electronic Current Transducer
7. Voltage Source Converter
STATCOM – VI Diagram
20 10 0 10 20 30
20
30
40 40
50 50
60 60
70 70
80 80
Capacitive Inductive
STATCOM Rating VT
Mvar
+80/-80 MVAr
80 MVAr Inductive MACHTM
Vresp
Control System
to Vref Voltage
regulator
XT
V
VSC
+ VDC -
I
0.8 Capacitive Output 0 Inductive Output 0.8
Pos 1 Pos 2
FP FP
GDU 1 3 GDU
Chain-Link Cell IP IP
FP FP
GDU 2 4 GDU
U dc
IP IP
VSC FP
Valve GDU 1 StakPak IGBT
U dc
IP
❑ 1. Transformer
1
❑ 2. Filter for high frequency
harmonics
❑ 3. Line Reactor 6 2
4 7
❑ 4. Resistor with bypass for
5
converter energization
❑ 5. Modular Multilevel
3 3
Converter (MMC) 2 1
❑ 6. Control System 4
❑ 7. Cooling System
Typical footprint: 30 x 70 m
Main circuit
Features Capabilities
– Fast voltage/ frequency support – Up to over 400 MVAR in a
– Synthetic Inertia single system
STATCOM + Energy Storage =
Reactive + Active Power – Fault current generation – Grid-forming control
Reactive power is
dynamically generated Active Power
and exchanged with the Reactive Power
SVC Light®
network to control the
voltage and respond to Reactive Power
emergency conditions SVC Light® Power System
Enhanced
Because of the high-energy density, batteries1 are the most Because of the high power density, supercapacitors are the most
cost-effective solution for applications which requires rated power for cost-effective solution for applications which requires rated power for
minutes to hours. up to 10 seconds.
Energy Power
1. Several batteries technologies are available in the market, the most suitable one shall be selected based on the requirements for energy, C-rate, and application.
© 2021 Hitachi Energy. All rights reserved.
Power quality
SVC Light® Enhanced – At a glance
Next-generation grid-stabilizing
technology
– Enables a smart transition to a decarbonized
future
– Manages increasing inertia shortage due to
continuous retirement of large fossil-fueled
generators
– Natural evolution path from Hitachi ABB Power
Grids’ proven STATCOM technology
– Integrating supercapacitors for energy storage
– Provides both active (MW) and reactive (MVAr)
power
– Adaptive to evolving grid conditions due to grid-
forming control capabilities of MACH™ control
system
– Video
© 2021 Hitachi Energy. All rights reserved.
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