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The Shot Put

Online Course: Introduction to…

Introduction

The shot put is an event in which the participant

stands inside a circle and attempts to "put" a
weighted ball as far as they possibly can. The
"put" is different than a "throw" due to the
motion of the arm. it has a history back to
ancient times when people threw rocks for
distance. During the Middle Ages, competitions
on who could throw a cannonball the furthest
has been recorded.

About to put the shot

Currently, the shot put is thrown both during

indoor and outdoor track and field seasons.

The shot

The shot itself will vary in weight, depending on

the level of competition and between men and
women. Women will use a 4 kg (8.81lb) shot from
high school to college/Olympic level. Men at the
high school level will use a 12lb (5.44kg), Junior
competitors 14lb (6.35kg) and then at
college/Olympic level 16lb (7.25kg).

All competitors stand in a circle that is 7 feet

(2.135 m) in diameter that has a 10cm toe board
at the end. Competitors put the shot into the
"sector" which is a partial circle of 34.92 degrees
from the center of the throwing circle.
Competitors are allowed to standing anywhere in
the circle and move through the circle before
putting the shot into the sector.

Rules

Competitors cannot enter the circle until

their name has been called
The competitor must place the shot against
their neck and it must stay there until it is
released
Once the shot has landed in the sector the
command "mark" is given to which the
competitor exits the shot
A measurement is recorded from the inside
of the toe board to the mark at which the
shot landed

Fouls are called if the competitor performs any

of the following violations

Enters the ring before name being called

The shot coming away from the neck before
the release
Any portion of the competitor (including
clothing) touching the top or outside of the
ring or toe board
Exiting the ring before the "mark"
command
Exiting the ring from the front half of the
circle

Techniques

Two techniques are most commonly used: the

glide or the spin

The Glide

The competitor stands backwards at the back of

the ring. For a right handed thrower, they stand
more on the right foot then bend down at the
hips and knee with the left back. They then
pushes the left backwards toward the toe board
and land on the right foot. This performs the
"glide" motion across the ring. Once at the front
of the ring, the competitor pushes from the rear
leg, rotating forward, and putting the shot into
the sector. This technique was developed by
Parry O'Brien.

The Spin

The competitor stands facing backwards in the

ring but in a more balanced stance. For a right
handed thrower, they then rotate on the left foot
toward the front of the circle. The right foot
lands in the middle of the ring, then the left leg
comes through to the toe board. They then put
the shot into the sector. This technique was
developed by Viktor Alexeyev.

Records

The current world records are:

Type Athlete Distance

Men's Indoor Ryan Crouser 22.82 m (74 ft

10.25in)

Men's Ryan Crouser 23.37 m (76ft 8in)

Outdoor

Women's Helena 22.50 m (73ft

Indoor Fibingerova 9.75in)

Women's Natalya 22.63 m (74 ft

Outdoor Lisovskaya 2.75in)

Common injuries

For the shot put, injuries to the rotator cuff can

be common due to the stresses applied to the
shoulder for the putting motion. Due to the
explosive nature of the release, pectoral strains
can occur. There can also be injuries to the hand
and finger due to the release of the shot. Knee
injuries can occur in athletes who utilize the
spin technique due to the rotatory forces on the
structures. Lastly, back pain can occur in shot
put athletes due to the repetitive stress of the
technique. [1]

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Introduction The hammer throw is an event in
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which the participant throws a weighted ball on a
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